Posted on 06/16/2010 3:39:07 AM PDT by Fred Nerks
Signs of what could be a previously unknown ancient civilisation are emerging from beneath the felled trees of the Amazon. Some 260 giant avenues, ditches and enclosures have been spotted from the air in a region straddling Brazil’s border with Bolivia.
The traditional view is that before the arrival of the Spanish and Portuguese in the 15th century there were no complex societies in the Amazon basin – in contrast to the Andes further west where the Incas built their cities. Now deforestation, increased air travel and google Earth are telling a different story.
“It’s never-ending,” says Denise Schaan of the Federal University of Pará in Belém, Brazil, who made many of the new discoveries from planes or by examining Google Earth images.
“Every week we find new structures.” Some of them are square or rectangular, while others form concentric circles or complex geometric figures such as hexagons and octagons connected by avenues or roads. The researchers describe them all as geoglyphs. Garden villages
Their discovery, in an area of northern Bolivia and western Brazil, follows other recent reports of vast sprawls of interconnected villages known as “garden cities” in north central Brazil, dating from around AD 1400. But the structures unearthed at the garden city sites are not as consistently similar or geometric as the geoglyphs, Schaan says.
“I firmly believe that the garden cities of Xingu and the geoglyphs were not directly related,” says Martti Pärssinen of the Finnish Cultural and Academic Institutes in Madrid, Spain, who works with Schaan. “Nevertheless, both discoveries demonstrate that [upland] areas of western Amazonia were heavily populated much before the European incursion.”
The geoglyphs are formed by ditches up to 11 metres wide and 1 to 2 metres deep. They range from 90 to 300 metres in diameter and are thought to date from around 2000 years ago up to the 13th century.
Human habitation
Excavations have unearthed ceramics, grinding stones and other signs of human habitation at some of the sites but not at others. This suggests that some had purely ceremonial roles, while others may also have been used for defence.
Unusually for defensive structures, however, earth was piled up outside the ditches, and they are also highly symmetrical. “When you think about defence you’re just building a wall or a trench,” says Schaan.
“You don’t have to do calculations to make it so round or square.” Many of the structures are oriented to the north, and the team is investigating whether they might have had astronomical significance.
“Many of the great early civilisations had a riverine basis and the Amazon has long been underestimated and overlooked in that sense,” says Colin McEwan, head of the Americas section at the British Museum in London.
Successful societies
Though there is no evidence that the Amazonians built pyramids or invented written language as societies in ancient Egypt or Mesopotamia did, “in terms of a trend towards increasing social complexity and domestication of the landscape, this wasn’t just a pristine forest with isolated nomadic tribes”, McEwan adds. “These were substantive, sedentary and in the long term very successful cultures.”
While some Inca sites lie just 200 kilometres west of the geoglyphs, no Inca objects have been found at the new sites. Neither do they seem to have anything in common with Peru’s Nasca geoglyphs.
“I have no doubt that this is only scratching the surface,” says Alex Chepstow-Lusty of the French Institute for Andean Studies in Lima, Peru. “The scale of pre-Columbian societies in Amazonia is only slowly coming to light and we are going to be amazed at the numbers of people who lived there, but also in a highly sustainable fashion.
Sadly, the economic development and forest clearance that is revealing these pre-Columbian settlement patterns is also the threat to having enough time to properly understand them.”
ping a ling :)
Why do they assume they are “glyphs,” which assumes some communication purpose, and not just irrigation trenches of some sort for what used to be an agricultural area?
Probably some ceremonial thing like the mounds and carvings all over America.
“Lost” Amazon Complex Found; Shapes Seen by Satellite
nationalgeographic ^ | January 4, 2010 | John Roach
Posted on Monday, January 11, 2010 5:10:20 AM by JoeProBono
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2425232/posts
Santa Teresinha, Brazil
"Martti got kicked out of Finland for saying blond women should dye their hair a deep brown so they can keep their heads warmer in the winter
I saw something about this a while back and tried to google earth it.
Didn’t find anything but, it is very interesting.
Are the mounds, causeways, and canals in Bolivia’s Beni region natural formations or the result of 2000 years’ labor by lost societies?
Many 'lost' cities are being discovered both by aircraft and Google, completely overgrown...
Go away wicked witch! Stop haunting us!
I bet it is an animal pen.
Some of the 260 ancient earthworks located in the Amazon basin by archeologist Denise Schaan and her colleagues, which are challenging traditional assumptions about the region's history. (Courtesy of Denise Schaan)
Hard to drive more than a mile in my neck of the woods without seeing a mound. There's one stretch of road nearby where you can see seven mounds from one spot. A friend of mine I used to hunt arrowheads with who is now an Archeologist is working a dig site over in Chattanooga valley, over near the new VW plant. It was discovered by some construction excavation about a year and a half ago. It's apparently a burial site of chiefs or other high ranking tribe members from the woodland era. I'm told it's one of the richest finds ever in Tennessee. Lots of pristine ceremonial spears, talismans, etc.
PING
Or somebody with a riding mower.
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