Posted on 11/23/2010 2:08:37 PM PST by decimon
WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - Researchers have found evidence that an environmental pollutant may play an important role in causing multiple sclerosis and that a hypertension drug might be used to treat the disease.
The toxin acrolein was elevated by about 60 percent in the spinal cord tissues of mice with a disease similar to multiple sclerosis, said Riyi Shi, a medical doctor and a professor of neuroscience and biomedical engineering in Purdue University's Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Paralysis Research and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering.
The research results represent the first concrete laboratory evidence for a link between acrolein (pronounced a-KRO-le-an) and multiple sclerosis, he said.
"Only recently have researchers started to understand the details about what acrolein does to the human body," Shi said. "We are studying its effects on the central nervous system, both in trauma and degenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis."
The compound is an environmental toxin found in air pollutants including tobacco smoke and auto exhaust. Acrolein also is produced within the body after nerve cells are damaged. Previous studies by this research team found that neuronal death caused by acrolein can be prevented by administering the drug hydralazine, an FDA-approved medication used to treat hypertension.
The new findings show that hydralazine also delays onset of multiple sclerosis in mice and reduces the severity of symptoms by neutralizing acrolein.
"The treatment did not cause any serious side effects in the mice," Shi said. "The dosage we used for hydralazine in animals is several times lower than the standard dosing for oral hydralazine in human pediatric patients. Therefore, considering the effectiveness of hydralazine at binding acrolein at such low concentrations, we expect that our study will lead to the development of new neuroprotective therapies for MS that could be rapidly translated into the clinic."
The researchers also learned the specific chemical signature of the drug that binds to acrolein and neutralizes it, potentially making it possible to create synthetic alternatives with reduced side effects. The studies are detailed in a paper appearing online this month in the journal Neuroscience. The paper was written by doctoral students Gary Leung, Wenjing Sun and Lingxing Zheng; graduate research assistant Melissa Tully, who is an MD-Ph.D. student at Purdue and the Indiana University School of Medicine; postdoctoral researcher Sarah Brookes; and Shi.
In multiple sclerosis, the myelin insulation surrounding nerve cells is destroyed and the nerve fibers themselves are damaged.
"We think that acrolein is what degrades myelin, so if we can block that effect then we can delay the onset of MS and lessen the symptoms," Shi said.
Acrolein induces the production of free radicals, compounds that cause additional injury to tissues after disease or physical trauma.
"We've discovered that acrolein may play a very important role in free radical injury, particularly in multiple sclerosis," Shi said.
The elevated acrolein levels in the MS mice were cut in half when treated with hydralazine. The drug represents a potential long-term therapy to slow the disease's progress.
"To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that acrolein acts as a neurotoxin in MS and also the first time anyone has demonstrated hydralazine to be a neuroprotective drug," Shi said.
Other researchers had previously shown that acrolein damages liver cells and that the damage can be alleviated by hydralazine, leading the Purdue researchers to study its possible effects on spinal cord tissues.
Further research will be conducted, and Shi's group has identified other potential compounds for binding acrolein. The research team, in a possible future collaboration with the Indiana University School of Medicine, also is working to improve the sensitivity of detection methods to measure acrolein levels in people with multiple sclerosis.
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IMAGE CAPTION:
This drawing depicts how the environmental pollutant acrolein may damage nerve insulation called myelin in multiple sclerosis. "A" represents the normal structure of nerve fibers and myelin; "B" represents how acrolein is thought to damage myelin and cell membranes; and "C" shows how nerves with damaged myelin cannot properly conduct signals. (Purdue University graphic/Michel Schweinsberg)
A publication-quality image is available at http://news.uns.purdue.edu/images/2010/shi-acrolein.jpg
Abstract on the research in this release is available at: http://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/research/2010/101123ShiAcrolein.html
Ping
Hydralazine almost sounds like my screen name! LOL!
I was just getting ready to ping you
I first read it as ‘hydrazine’... a lil’ rocket fuel is good for what ails you
There is no such thing as an accident.
Sigmund Freud
Liberals won’t go for it unless it somehow uses EMROYONIC stem cells.
Ping
oh yeah...tobacco smoke....big surprise! Apparently tobacco smoke causes EVERY DISEASE KNOWN TO MAN! how has society managed to go on???
I want to know when the native americans will be forced to pay reparations for passing this vile substance onto the unsuspecting european colonists.
Anti-acrolein Treatment Improves Behavioral Outcome and Alleviates Myelin Damage in EAE Mouse
http://news.uns.purdue.edu/images/2010/shi-acrolein.jpg
This drawing depicts how the environmental pollutant acrolein may damage nerve insulation called myelin in multiple sclerosis. "A" represents the normal structure of nerve fibers and myelin; "B" represents how acrolein is thought to damage myelin and cell membranes; and "C" shows how nerves with damaged myelin cannot properly conduct signals. (Purdue University graphic/Michel Schweinsberg)
That's the caption. I don't want to mess up decimon's thread. It's an oversized image, so it will open in a new window too.
cgk, I was glad to see you posting again last month. Anybody taking meds for high blood pressue should talk with your doc about making a substitution of hydralazine for one of your meds. Good Luck!
Could be that MS has multiple causes.
I know two people that went from wheelchair to jogging shoes after having their teeth estracted. One of them in less than a week.
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> “Hydralazine almost sounds like my screen name!”
.
Well, hydrazine sulfate has saved thousands of late stage cancer patients from the ravages of cachexia, and apparently even cured a few of them outright.
That’s my brother from another mother!
There's at least two types of MS. Could it be the kind called relapsing-remitting?
Both had been in chairs for over ten years, and were being told by their attending physician (same Doc for both) that they had just a few years of life left.
They were friends in a support group.
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