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We Still Don't Know How Fast The Universe Is Expanding
Forbes ^ | 12 Jan, 2017 | Ethan Siegel

Posted on 01/13/2017 6:13:38 PM PST by MtnClimber

Once we discovered that the Universe was expanding, the next scientific step was to determine what the rate of expansion was. Despite the fact that it's been more than 80 years, we still don't have agreement on how fast that rate actually is. By looking at the largest cosmic scales and the oldest signals -- the leftover radiation from the Big Bang and the largest-scale galaxy correlations -- we get one number for the rate: 67 km/s/Mpc. But if we look at individual stars, galaxies, supernovae and other direct indicators, we get another number: 74 km/s/Mpc. The uncertainties are very small: ±1 on the first number and ±2 on the second; statistically, there's less than a 0.1% chance these numbers will reconcile with one another.....

In 1923, Edwin Hubble was using the world's largest telescope to look for novae in other galaxies. I shouldn't say "galaxies" just yet, because humanity wasn't yet certain what those spirals in the sky were. While looking at the largest one -- M31, now known as the Andromeda galaxy -- he saw first one, then a second, then a third nova. But when the fourth one came, it would change everything. It occurred in the exact same location as the first, which was an impossibility, since novae takes centuries or more to recharge, yet this one had recurred in less than a week. Excitedly, Hubble crossed out the first "N" he wrote and replaced it, in red, with "VAR!" He realized it was a variable star, and since the physics of that particular class of variable star was known, he could calculate the distance to Andromeda. He showed it was well outside of the Milky Way, making it a galaxy unto itself. It was the greatest observation of a single star in astronomical history.

(Excerpt) Read more at forbes.com ...


TOPICS: Astronomy
KEYWORDS: hubbleconstant; universe
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1 posted on 01/13/2017 6:13:38 PM PST by MtnClimber
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To: MtnClimber

We will never know everything and may not be able to see far enough to know much about the outer universe except what it was like billions of years ago. The light from most stars in distant galaxies come from stars that don’t even exist anymore.


2 posted on 01/13/2017 6:16:09 PM PST by MtnClimber (For photos of Colorado scenery and wildlife, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
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To: MtnClimber

Of course. All our “measuring rods” are expanding as well.


3 posted on 01/13/2017 6:17:48 PM PST by Ray76 (DRAIN THE SWAMP)
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To: MtnClimber
It was the greatest observation of a single star in astronomical history.

Revisionist history here. The truth is that almost all our astronomical knowledge came from the ancient black Egyptians, data collected as they flew from Memphis to Thebes in their high altitude gliders.

4 posted on 01/13/2017 6:24:04 PM PST by 17th Miss Regt
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Once we discovered that the Universe was expanding, the next scientific step was to determine what the rate of expansion was Universe is expanding into.

How can something infinite be expanding? What was there before it expanded into it?

5 posted on 01/13/2017 6:24:14 PM PST by Henchster (Free Republic - the BEST site on the web!)
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To: MtnClimber

The expansion of the Universe represents a lot of energy. Where did the energy come from? And don’t say from the Big Bang. That energy predates the Big Bang.

Next step is to read St Thomas of Aquinas about the Unmoved Mover.


6 posted on 01/13/2017 6:24:21 PM PST by I want the USA back (The further a society drifts from the truth, the more it will hate those who speak it. Orwell.)
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To: MtnClimber

L. Ron Hubbard couldn’t be reached for comment.


7 posted on 01/13/2017 6:29:32 PM PST by Bullish (May as well just rename Hollywood---> Hypocrite city)
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To: Ray76

what is the universe expanding into?


8 posted on 01/13/2017 6:30:31 PM PST by ConservativeDude
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To: MtnClimber; Fred Nerks

I know the universe is expanding, IO cam tell.

I am also expanding.

And it seems pretty fast over this last month os so.


9 posted on 01/13/2017 6:31:40 PM PST by Candor7 ( Obama fascism article:(http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/05/barack_obama_the_quintessentia_1.html)
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To: ConservativeDude

Expanding more into itself.


10 posted on 01/13/2017 6:33:03 PM PST by AceMineral (One day men will beg for chains.)
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To: MtnClimber

But, but I thought science knew everything. So sayeth the Democrats.


11 posted on 01/13/2017 6:33:41 PM PST by Lurkina.n.Learnin (Willie Sutton went into robbing banks and Hillary Clinton went into politics)
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To: Henchster
How can something infinite be expanding? What was there before it expanded into it?

I think that is one of the big questions.

12 posted on 01/13/2017 6:35:00 PM PST by MtnClimber (For photos of Colorado scenery and wildlife, click on my screen name for my FR home page.)
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To: MtnClimber

METROLOGY RULES!...Or does it?


13 posted on 01/13/2017 6:36:39 PM PST by equaviator (There's nothing like the universe to bring you down to earth.)
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To: ConservativeDude
what is the universe expanding into?

Something significantly smaller than Obama's ego.

14 posted on 01/13/2017 6:39:13 PM PST by Ciaphas Cain (The choice to be stupid is not a conviction I am obligated to respect.)
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To: Candor7

Just be careful of that Big Bang.


15 posted on 01/13/2017 6:41:27 PM PST by Fred Nerks (fair dinkum)
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To: MtnClimber

Well, clearly we need a consensus of published scientists in order to find out.


16 posted on 01/13/2017 6:55:05 PM PST by Yaelle
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To: ConservativeDude

imagination


17 posted on 01/13/2017 7:00:00 PM PST by Ray76 (DRAIN THE SWAMP)
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To: MtnClimber

Until they figure out how fast the universe is expanding, they won’t know who is to blame—Bush or Trump.


18 posted on 01/13/2017 7:15:01 PM PST by Verginius Rufus
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To: MtnClimber

Until they figure out how fast the universe is expanding, they won’t know who is to blame—Bush or Trump.


19 posted on 01/13/2017 7:15:01 PM PST by Verginius Rufus
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To: MtnClimber

Just declare the science is settled and be done with it. If declaring science settled with climate change, it’s good enough for astrophysics.


20 posted on 01/13/2017 7:17:39 PM PST by Organic Panic (Rich White Man Evicts Poor Black Family From Public Housing - MSNBCPBSCNNNYTABC)
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