It's an old question since Ceres and the other big asteroids were noticed. Some think that Mars may have been part of the missing planet system, a moon of a bigger planet.
Sounds like the theory supported by Richard C. Hoagland.
Not saying that he is wrong (it is, after all, a theory) but well, still, whenever he's on C2C and talks about Mars, one of the theories he constantly brings out and of course, supports is the exploded Planet theory in which Mars was a moon of.
All of the planets have elliptical orbits, thanks to Johann Kepler, but Neptune's is very close to being circular, and it's one of the gas giants, so I don't understand the point about the gas giants having elongated orbits.
I have seen numerous theories about Mars and Earth history presented separately. Rarely, if ever, do I see credible sources try to tie the theories/events together, even though the time frames are roughly the same. Perhaps the missing planet (or a large portion of it) struck the Earth and coalesced into what we now know, billions of years later, as Earth and Moon.
Paging Art Bell...
Planet X