A bridge of hot gas is connecting two clusters of galaxies. Composite optical and X-ray image of the cluster pair Abell 222 and Abell 223.
Image Credit: ESA/XMM-Newton/ EPIC/ ESO (J. Dietrich)/ SRON (N. Werner)/ MPE (A. Finoguenov)
Posted on 05/12/2008 7:05:51 PM PDT by NormsRevenge
Astronomers have found a piece of the universe's puzzle that's been missing for awhile: a type of extremely hot, dense matter that is all but invisible to us.
Engaging in something like cosmic accounting, astronomers have tried to balance the scant amount of matter that has been directly observed with the vast amount that remains unobserved directly. The latter constitutes about 90 percent of the universe's matter.
Galaxies, the stars within them, the planet we live on and the chairs we sit on are made up of normal matter — the protons, electrons and neutrons that are collectively called baryons. Baryonic matter can be seen and directly observed, but it makes up only about 4 percent of the universe.
The rest of the universe is split up between dark matter (about 21 percent), a mysterious type of matter that has yet to be identified but that is thought to have played a critical role in the development of the first galaxies that formed after the Big Bang, and the even more mysterious dark energy (about 75 percent of the universe), which causes the accelerated expansion of the universe.
Dark matter remains a total mystery. But the new study squares the balance sheet a bit in regards to baryonic matter.
Previously, only about half of the baryonic matter in the universe was accounted for by the known gas, stars and galaxies. A team of astrophysicists has now found evidence of part of the missing half in a bridge-like filament connecting two clusters of galaxies. The finding is detailed in the May 2008 issue of the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters.
Along with dark matter, the missing baryonic matter is thought to form an enormous spider web of tendrils that connect galaxy clusters, which sit on threads and knots in the web.
The missing part of this matter was thought to be a hot, ultra-thin gas haze of very low density between larger structures. Its hellacious temperature means that it only emits far-ultraviolet and X-ray radiation.
Some of this missing matter was found by the astrophysicists, who hail from the Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) and the European Southern Observatory in Germany, as well as the SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research. The team used the XMM-Newton, an X-ray space observatory, to observe a filament connecting two clusters of galaxies, Abell 222 and Abell 223.
"So far we could only see the clusters, the dense knots of the web. Now we are starting to see the connecting wires of the immense cosmic spider web," said MPE study team member Aurora Simionescu of the discovery of this missing baryonic matter.
A similar baryonic haze, 150 times hotter than the sun's surface, was indirectly detected surrounding the Milky Way and connecting about three dozen other galaxies known collectively as the Local Group in 2003 by astronomers at Harvard and Ohio State Universities.
It is thought that these hot intergalactic hazes were created from material that did not fall into galaxies when they first formed more than 13 billion years ago. Finding and analyzing these filaments could help astronomers better understand what happened after the Big Bang and what forces are dominating the universe today.
Cool!
I wonder what the guy at the lost and found at Grand Central would do if you walked up to the counter and asked if anyone had turned in your missing cosmic matter?
***
How did they even know it was missing?
I wonder if they will ever find the missing matter inside the liberal brain?
Because there it was- gone!
“Engaging in something like cosmic accounting...”
Are these Government workers? ;)
Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics
http://www.mpe.mpg.de/main.html
Hope they find the missing Bill and Hillary files.
Stupid question time.
Why haven't these hot gases cooled off in the last few billion years, if they're in intergalactic space far from energy sources?
A bridge of hot gas is connecting two clusters of galaxies. Composite optical and X-ray image of the cluster pair Abell 222 and Abell 223.
Image Credit: ESA/XMM-Newton/ EPIC/ ESO (J. Dietrich)/ SRON (N. Werner)/ MPE (A. Finoguenov)
Sooooooo what the hell is keeping the old (13 billion years) baryonic haze perking at 150 times hotter than the sun's surface all this time?
XMM-Newton discovers part of missing matter in the universe
European Space Agency
http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMQLPZXUFF_index_0.html
They're behind the sofa. ;-)
Well...sheesh...then they should be able to find Osama bin Laden...right?
A similar baryonic haze, 150 times hotter than the sun's surface, was indirectly detected surrounding the Milky Way
Puzzling
What keeps this ultra-thin gas haze of very low density so hot for 13 billion years?
One would think that only fusion could do this. But Physics as I understand it would require enormous pressures to sustain fusion reaction. Such pressures do not exist in the vacuum of space.
There must be physics at work here that we do not understand. Once we do I think our energy crisis is over.
If that were the case the sofa would be 2 feet into the room by now. But thanks for the suggestion ggg.
I would think that only the missing matter in galactic halos are hot, and the "fillaments" between galaxies cooler. According to the simulations its like a big cobweb, with galaxies forming at the intersections. 
That can only mean that....somewhere...there's a giant inter-galactic sized SPIDER!!!!
It also means that ....somewhere... there's giant inter-galactic sized BUGS!!!
DOUBLE
Allegra is working around the clock on that!
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