Incorrect, USA, 1776-1930's.
That's actually a very misunderstood notion. The USA did not "get rich" in that period by assessing tariffs on imports -- it got rich by taking advantage of an "accident of history" (the settlement of the frontier) that allowed us to secure land and resources at costs far below what First World nations would have had to pay.
It's no accident that the last part of the period you mentioned (the 1930s) also happened to be the first time in history that the average American had a standard of living that exceeded the standard of living of someone living in advanced European countries like Britain and Germany.
This is exactly why one of the most important facts about this issue is often the one that is most often overlooked . . . In order to maintain an export-based economy, the nation doing the exporting must always have a lower standard of living than its trading partners.