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Why Most Published Research Findings Are False
Public Library of Science ^ | 8/05 | John P. A. Ioannidis

Posted on 11/01/2005 7:58:38 AM PST by ZGuy

There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of true to no relationships among the relationships probed in each scientific field. In this framework, a research finding is less likely to be true when :

Corollary 1: The smaller the studies conducted in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true.

Corollary 2: The smaller the effect sizes in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true.

Corollary 3: The greater the number and the lesser the selection of tested relationships in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true.

Corollary 4: The greater the flexibility in designs, definitions, outcomes, and analytical modes in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true.

Corollary 5: The greater the financial and other interests and prejudices in a scientific field, the less likely the research findings are to be true.

Corollary 6: The hotter a scientific field (with more scientific teams involved), the less likely the research findings are to be true.

Most Research Findings Are False for Most Research Designs and for Most Fields

Claimed Research Findings May Often Be Simply Accurate Measures of the Prevailing Bias

(Excerpt) Read more at medicine.plosjournals.org ...


TOPICS: Culture/Society
KEYWORDS: academicbias; junkscience; research
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An essay probably too technical for many, but just remember the title and you'll be better off.
1 posted on 11/01/2005 7:58:38 AM PST by ZGuy
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To: ZGuy

#1 should have been validity.


2 posted on 11/01/2005 8:00:03 AM PST by mtbopfuyn (Legality does not dictate morality... Lavin)
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To: ZGuy

There is also the issue that most studies published in non-journals are not peer reviewed.


3 posted on 11/01/2005 8:01:55 AM PST by gondramB
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To: ZGuy

"You can make up statistics to prove anything. Forfty-five percent of all people know that." - Homer J. Simpson


4 posted on 11/01/2005 8:02:51 AM PST by Starter
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To: ZGuy
Corollary 7: Most studies are done to prove something that somebody wants to be true for various reasons (often including endowments)
5 posted on 11/01/2005 8:02:57 AM PST by kjam22
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To: ZGuy

It's idiotic. It imposes a single model - the medical research model - on to all of science, makes some unlikely assumptions about that model, and then draws false conclusions. Based on my experience in checking results of research rivals, where I'd dearly love to find errors, I'd say that better than 90% of research findings in my field are true.


6 posted on 11/01/2005 8:05:22 AM PST by Right Wing Professor
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To: ZGuy
The intrinsic value and accuracy of a study is irrelevant.
Once released and embraced by its proponents and supporters, it will be disseminated widely, and cited ad infinitum, forever, even if demonstrably flawed or false (e.g. global warming, second-hand smoke, heterosexual AIDS). It will be assumed to be valid.

Just state conclusions that are already accepted as self-evident by your target audience, and wrap it in a noble (HA!) mantle of academic "respectability!
This is a communist/liberal technique, 70 years old and humming right along, and a variant of the following:

"Reminds me of a fascinating quote from a Chinese Com government during the "International Woman's Conference" held in China during the Clinton administration. The government official said that they studied Hillary's speechmaking method to understand her power and success. They concluded: her trick was never actually to make any arguments -- just state conclusions that were all already accepted as self-evident by her audience. (They found that interesting and perhaps admirable, and to be emulated)."

Yes, Dorothy, ignorance and dishonesty is common even in the academic world.

7 posted on 11/01/2005 8:10:58 AM PST by Publius6961 (Liberal level playing field: If the Islamics win we are their slaves..if we win they are our equals.)
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To: ZGuy

Most scientif research today is done to secure more funding. Now if someone will pony up some bucks, I'll do more research


8 posted on 11/01/2005 8:11:10 AM PST by pikachu (You're unique and special -- just like everyone else.)
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To: ZGuy
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False

Why is the MSM biased?

Why is even the Weather being politicized these days?

Why is coffee good for you today yet bad for you tomorrow?

Answer: Because almost everybody is bought and paid for...

9 posted on 11/01/2005 8:11:17 AM PST by frogjerk (LIBERALISM - Being miserable for no good reason)
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To: Publius6961
Yes, Dorothy, ignorance and dishonesty is common even in the academic world.

Especially where grant monies are concerned.

10 posted on 11/01/2005 8:11:56 AM PST by Lil'freeper
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To: Right Wing Professor
It imposes a single model - the medical research model - on to all of science, makes some unlikely assumptions about that model, and then draws false conclusions.

That is the first thing I noticed as well. Being a research ecologist, I don't know if I'd say 90% of research findings in my field are correct (too many factors involved in a non-lab setting) but I would definetly say greater than 50%. That's why its important that any ecology research stay within their particular spatial and temporal scales when devising assumptions.

11 posted on 11/01/2005 8:14:33 AM PST by GreenFreeper (Not blind opposition to progress, but opposition to blind progress)
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To: Right Wing Professor
Well said, Professor! The notion of exactly one valid general paradigm for research across all disciplines is purest fantasy.

Imagine double-blind studies in, say, quantum thermodynamics...heh heh heh...

12 posted on 11/01/2005 8:14:37 AM PST by SAJ
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To: ZGuy

This is a very important topic. Got it bookmarked. Junk science led to the Nazi movement.

Junk science led to draconian population control concepts. Junk science has probably led to more spoilers on prosperity than taxes.

Junk science was used to molest children and babies [with tax money] in a study on sexuality, which heralded the 'gay' activist movement.

Junk science led to the Katrina flood [the law suit against the flood gates].

Junk science led to high gas prices this year. It's amazing how much damage has been done by innacurate science stats.

[This is just a rant, and well, I'm not feeling at my best right now. I apologize for any accuracies.]


13 posted on 11/01/2005 8:16:04 AM PST by Arthur Wildfire! March ("Every time the court veers left, the people are overwhelmingly opposed." [Laura Ingraham])
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To: SAJ; Right Wing Professor
The notion of exactly one valid general paradigm for research across all disciplines is purest fantasy.

Couldn't agree more. The climates among different research fields are night and day.

14 posted on 11/01/2005 8:24:34 AM PST by GreenFreeper (Not blind opposition to progress, but opposition to blind progress)
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To: ZGuy

This article looks like it needs some clarification. It should be most medical/sociology/pyschology studies are false. Based on the wording in the article, is does not sound like this applies to the hard, experimental sciences like chemistry and physics. What clued me in was the term "study" and not "experiment." Studies are very subjective.


15 posted on 11/01/2005 8:30:21 AM PST by doc30 (Democrats are to morals what and Etch-A-Sketch is to Art.)
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To: Right Wing Professor
I'd say that better than 90% of research findings in my field are true.

Being that you are involved in medical research I am very relieved to hear this. In the food industry however, what passes for research these days is appalling. Far too many studies are agenda driven by researchers who are more than happy to give the food police and toxic terrorists what they want as long as there is funding involved.

Anyone with an Associate degree in nutrition can make conclusions, no matter how outrageous, post them on the Internet and find willing followers. I regularly attempt to debunk the junk science but people who want to believe always will.

Unfortunately, the end result is often mass hysteria resulting in businesses reacting out of fear, and giving in to public pressure by killing off what were once good products.

16 posted on 11/01/2005 8:34:23 AM PST by Mase
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To: SAJ

Well, the general paradigm should be the pursuit of truth.

Each field has specialized procedures, which can be justified by the subject matter, to find that truth.

At some point, all scientific pursuits should be reducible to a general theory of epistemology.

Philosophers, you have your mission! Get to it!


17 posted on 11/01/2005 8:40:17 AM PST by Netheron
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To: ZGuy
"Most Research Findings Are False for Most Research Designs and for Most Fields."

Certainly explains the complete failure of "science" to increase understanding of the natural world over the last hundred years!

18 posted on 11/01/2005 8:43:00 AM PST by M. Dodge Thomas
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To: gondramB

Peer-review as a means of ensuring the quality of research is vastly overated. Increasingly, dogma is replacing objectivity in the decision to accept or reject journal submissions. My experience is that it's a complete waste of time to submit anything that runs counter to the "prevailing wisdom" (i.e., party line).


19 posted on 11/01/2005 8:44:16 AM PST by Arm_Bears
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To: Right Wing Professor

Ive replicated many published findings without any trouble, indicating that the results were correct for them, and correct for me.

But its hard to "fake" molecular interaction. It either does or it doesn't; and If you are faking it, your research will all lead into the black hole of incorrect assumptions.


20 posted on 11/01/2005 8:58:51 AM PST by USConstitutionBuff
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