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Posted on 10/30/2006 7:14:47 PM PST by annie laurie
HAL may soon be getting some company. But unlike the famous computer companion in Stanley Kubrick’s “2001: A Space Odyssey,” the first space-based supercomputer — so described because it will be by far the most powerful computer in space — is already nearing reality.
Engineering researchers at the University of Florida and Honeywell Aerospace are designing and building the computer projected to operate as much as 100 times faster than any computer in space today. Expected to be launched aboard a NASA rocket on a test mission in 2009, the computer is needed to process rapidly increasing amounts of data gathered by advanced scientific satellites. It is also needed to help space probes make more rapid decisions by themselves, independently of their Earth-bound minders.
“To explore space and to support Earth and space science, there is a great need for much more processing power in space,” said Alan George, a professor of electrical and computer engineering and UF’s principal investigator on the project.
Computers have become far more powerful and faster in recent decades, but these advances have been largely confined to Earth. That’s because all computers sent into space must be “hardened” or protected against cosmic radiation prevalent outside the Earth’s atmosphere, a process that slows their performance and increases their size and cost. The result is that even as satellites and space probes have become far better at gathering information, most of their data not has to be sent to ground stations on Earth for processing.
“Usually the downlinks have very limited bandwidth. There are only so many bits per second you can send down from a satellite,” said John Samson, the principal investigator for the project at project at Honeywell’s Clearwater facility. “That means scientists are very limited in how much science they can do.”
Today’s unmanned space probes also have restricted abilities to act independently, relying instead on relaying much of their command information back and forth from Earth. Because of the huge distances in space, that makes it impossible for mission controllers on Earth to respond in real time to short-lived or unexpected events. If probes had more sophisticated computers on board, they could make more of their own decisions, such as quickly selecting the best sensor or camera to record a momentary event of interest.
“To be autonomous is to require a lot of computation, and until now, conventional space processing technologies have been incapable of high-performance computing,” George said.
The UF-Honeywell computer aims to upgrade both satellites and probes with a novel design called the Dependable Multiprocessor. Funded by NASA’s New Millennium Program and the Florida High Technology Corridor Council, the goal is to cope with radiation from solar flares or other space events not through the physical hardening of components – but rather through software that allows the computer to survive radiation-caused flaws or errors.
As George put it, “when you know components are going to fail, you can design the system to automatically adapt and thereby mitigate the effects of that failure.”
A microwave-sized box full of circuit boards in a UF electrical and computer engineering laboratory has been ground zero for the project. There, George and his team of graduate students develop and evaluate concepts and elements of the system. As per the project’s requirements, they feature off-the-shelf components with no deliberate radiation hardening. Their methods involve strategies such as making the computer fault-tolerant, or able to make an instant switch from a temporarily failing board to a functioning one. They also use algorithm-based techniques to detect and correct processing errors. “If one board is failing because of radiation, we can automatically go to another,” George said.
Samson said Honeywell is applying UF’s basic research to build a high-performance computer capable of actually flying in space. Even with the radiation problem solved, that’s a huge challenge because the system must be small, lightweight, capable of surviving the vibration of launch and the shock of the delivery vehicle separating from the booster rocket –and operate on relatively little precious electricity, among other challenges. “Space is a pretty tough operational environment,” Samson said.
If plans go as intended, the completed computer is expected to fly aboard the unmanned ST8 rocket mission on a test mission in February 2009.
Ping
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From a generally unknowledgeable viewpoint, it seems trying to circumvent destruction to a computer via adaptable software, is not such a smart decision. What if all the boards get destroyed by radiation? Is it only temporary?
You'd think a POWER4 would be perfect, with already thick gates and logic built into the system to automatically retry any job on one core that's not validated by the result in another core.
My little pet theory is that cognition evolved in biological brains for the purpose of fault tolerance.
Hopefully, they won't ask the computer to lie.
Alpha particles are not the problem in space. See NASA website on Radiation and electronics for much information.
Been there, done that. heh heh!
If networking principles were applied in space, there'd be a flood of great discoveries coming back to us.
For one example, imagine dispersing 1,000 little robots across mars... knowing very well that not one of them is expected to find much. The data returned by any single instrument would be unpredictable, creating an unattractive risk of acquiring random, useless information. However with enough probes taken as an amalgam, some very good studies could be done.
I think it may be the next big trend in space exploration.
Well, that and a long string of tragic Chinese moon-mission disasters.
Skynet is the virus!!!
How about this one:
"There's no system foolproof enough to defeat a sufficiently great fool." --Edward Teller (father of the hydrogen bomb). ;)
A pet theory would be correct. Purpose plays no role in the theory of evolution.
That's simultaneously profound ... and frightening ;-)
... for the advantage of fault tolerance. Does that make you happy?
One is a gradual degradation due to the absorbed total dose of radiation, which one can allow for by building and testing the devices properly and using the right amount of shielding so the hardware survives the planned mission duration.
The other concerns Single Event Upsets (SEU) and similar single event phenomena which temporarily cause an error. The approach to this is usually to have multiple computers perform the same task, and comparing the results in real time, and "majority voting" those results. The occasional oddball result from a computer experiencing an SEU is thus ignored.
Much appreciated.
Well, it'll be easy to keep cool.
Hard to beat a Cray-1 for pure asthetic.
Perhaps not in the theory, but in the practice of evolution, purpose is everything. :-)
He had some good lines. I once went to a lecture he gave about the irrational fears of nuclear power. He said that if you lean against the perimeter fence of a nuclear reactor, you experience less radiation than you get from sleeping next to your girlfriend (the naturally radioactive potassium in her body). But he said he would strongly advise against sleeping with two girlfriends.
They tuned the async processor by cutting wires to length so signals would arrive at the same time. The inside looked like a nightmare wiring closet.
Yah, I've seen it. I know about the same-length wire bidness, and that's why it was shaped like that. They had to point all the interfaces at each other to be able to wire them up, so it was a necessity of the objective, resulting in an unusual design.
I dunno, but I rather like that. :-)
I know I've been stuck in a database row (stored as blob) trying to get someone to query me.
I've crawled around under a raised floor quite enough myself.
Frankly, I'm kinda glad that everything now is rack-mounted and laddered conduit, fiber and ethernet patch panels. :-)
The shuttle uses a 6502.
Soon, even astronauts will be able to download porn faster than ever!
Cute story.
bump
I wrote 6502 Assembler code about six years and got paid for it by Apple and Atari. It has always been my favorite processor.
Ping
Actually, that was a Cray X-MP, but it uses the same housing as a Cray 1.
Personally, I love the melding of form and function. It was that shape so that Cray could do the wiring better, putting speed-sensitive wires on the inside of the curve to reduce length, increasing speed (every wire in a Cray is cut precisely to length for power, noise and signaling reasons). It's practically a work of art.
Seriously, whenever I hear 'bout RAY-dee-ation hardening I get all excited. Yippee!
It's not a matter of making me happy. Your argument isn't about emotion but the theory of evolution. I thought you were making some inference from the theory of evolution. Evolution is a random process. It doesn't design any of its changes; They just happen by chance. Natural changes do not take place because there is something in nature that knows some feature would be an andvantage. If a biological change allows some creature to survive while some other goes extinct, it's only by chance, not design.
On the other hand, if you want to make an argument that there is some intelligence in or above nature that makes changes to biological creatures because it knows that such changes will be advantageous in survival, you are talking about a rational mind. I would certainly listen to such an argument and give it respectful attention as long as you are logically consistent from your premises.
I enjoy a good laugh, but I didn't see any humor in your comment. Evolution isn't practiced. To practice it would require some intelligent being to put it into practice.
If you want to propose some other theory along the lines of intelligent design, I am not opposed to that as long as you are logically consistent from your premises.
I would submit that eyes have a purpose, as do wings.
But now that I think about it... that's just not what this thread is about, and frankly, there's to many crevo threads already-- that are all really just the same thread repeated endlessly without any 'evolution' toward a better understanding.
I don't know how life began. I wasn't there. I'm OK with that. I figure someday it'll all be crystal clear.
too many.
dangit.
Mine too.
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