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How Democracy Produced a Monster
NY Times ^ | February 3, 2008 | IAN KERSHAW

Posted on 02/03/2008 10:03:48 PM PST by neverdem

COULD something like it happen again? That is invariably the first question that comes to mind when recalling that Hitler was given power in Germany 75 years ago last week. With the world now facing such great tensions and instability, the question seems more obvious than ever.

Hitler came to power in a democracy with a highly liberal Constitution, and in part by using democratic freedoms to undermine and then destroy democracy itself. That democracy, established in 1919, was a product of defeat in world war and revolution and was never accepted by most of the German elites, notably the military, large landholders and big industry.

Troubled by irreconcilable political, social and cultural divisions from the beginning, the new democracy survived serious threats to its existence in the early postwar years and found a semblance of stability from 1924 to 1928, only to be submerged by the collapse of the economy after the Wall Street crash of 1929.

The Nazis’ spectacular surge in popular support (2.6 percent of the vote in the 1928 legislative elections, 18.3 percent in 1930, 37.4 percent in July 1932) reflected the anger, frustration and resentment — but also hope — that Hitler was able to tap among millions of Germans. Democracy had failed them, they felt. Their country was divided, impoverished and humiliated. Scapegoats were needed.

It was easy to turn hatred against Jews, who could be made to represent the imagined external threat to Germany by both international capitalism and Bolshevism. Internally, Jews were associated with the political left — Socialist and Communist — which was made responsible by Hitler and his followers for Germany’s plight.

Increasingly, Hitler seemed to a good third of the German electorate the only hope to putting the country back on its feet, restoring pride and bringing about national...

(Excerpt) Read more at nytimes.com ...


TOPICS: Crime/Corruption; Editorial; Foreign Affairs; Germany; Politics/Elections
KEYWORDS: democracy; hitler; iankershaw; nazi; nazism; nytimes
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Does any one know if this is taught in high school?
1 posted on 02/03/2008 10:03:49 PM PST by neverdem
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To: neverdem
.... what happened in Germany in 1933, and its aftermath, will remain a uniquely terrible episode in history.

Don't bet on it.

2 posted on 02/03/2008 10:10:20 PM PST by 1066AD
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To: 1066AD

Marge Schott thought he was initially good for The Fatherland


3 posted on 02/03/2008 10:15:39 PM PST by DefeatHitlery08
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To: neverdem

“Does any one know if this is taught in high school?”

Depends on the school, doesn’t it?
Some schools do a good job of teaching. Some schools manage to only be centers for radical revolutionary indoc.

I’m not all that educated, which is probably obvious. But, from my perspective, most of the tribulations of the 20th century in europe have been about either trying to hold onto a reasonable facsimile of feudalism or reinvent a replacement for a recently discarded form of feudalism.

I really doubt that the average EUnix can conceive of any form of governance that isn’t some construct of the lord > peasant relationship.


4 posted on 02/03/2008 10:15:43 PM PST by Grimmy (equivocation is but the first step along the road to capitulation)
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To: neverdem
"Does any one know if this is taught in high school?"

Hahahahaha! My stepson graduated last year and my son is a freshman. Nope, they watch videos like "An Inconvenient Truth" and learn about Martin Luther King, Jr., Harriet Tubmans, multiculturalism, agitprop on the Vietnam war and all about the environment and diversity. School today is NOTHING like it was when most of us were there.

5 posted on 02/03/2008 10:16:52 PM PST by 2ndDivisionVet (Second To None!)
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To: neverdem

NYT article conveniently leaves out the crucial role the communists played in destroying the chances for success of a free German republic after WWI.

The Nazis rose from obscurity to become a powerful party primarily because of the threat presented by the strength of the communists, which the Nazis were a reaction to. The communists were a serious threat to take over Germany through violence, and the Nazis met the violence of the communists with violence of their own. The communists actually managed to seize control of Bavaria for a brief period, communist soviets took control of some German Navy ships in the immediate aftermath of the war, and there were pitched battles in the streets of Berlin between communists and nazis. Had there been no serious threat of violent revolution from the communists, Germans would never have turned to the Nazis in such numbers, and the Nazis would have remained an extremist fringe party.

Not surprising that the only mention by the NYT of the communists is in a passing reference in discussing the anti-semitism of the Nazis.


6 posted on 02/03/2008 10:19:27 PM PST by SirJohnBarleycorn
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To: neverdem

The one thing that is certain is that if the leadership vacuum continues then it will be filled. We have small men seeking leadership who seem to be driven by ambition but not principle who seem ashamed to speak of their country with pride and defend it against slander at home and abroad. All we need is a man who speaks proudly and clearly and rallies the hearts of those he speaks to. Right now though it is difficult we have a generation that does not understand patriotism, they look to government as an endless source of solutions and fixes not realizing that the government is not a God and is not there to fix our lives.

People starved of leadership will dine with the devil if he points the way.


7 posted on 02/03/2008 10:22:50 PM PST by Maelstorm ("Christ didn’t tell us to go to the government...He told us to do it." Fred Thompson)
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To: neverdem; 1066AD; All

The funny thing is, is that after the first war, Corporal Adolph Hitler was assigned by the army to infiltrate a supposed left-wing radical group, the German Workers Party. He liked what he was hearing, and eventually took over the party and used it to become chancellor of Germany and then Fuhrer. Joseph Stalin had a similar experience.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler%27s_inspection_of_the_German_Workers%27_Party


8 posted on 02/03/2008 10:25:15 PM PST by 2ndDivisionVet (Second To None!)
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To: neverdem
It was easy to turn hatred against Jews, who could be made to represent the imagined external threat to Germany by both international capitalism and Bolshevism.

Gimme a break. Imagined? After two communist attempts at a takeover, one in 1848 and another via Polish Jewess, Rosa Luxembourg and the Spartakusbund in Berlin in the 1920s, the fear of communists in Germany was hardly imagined, never mind the revelation of the Balfour Declaration. The Bund der Gerechten, an apostate Jewish group had funded Karl Marx' authorship of the Manifesto. Marx was taught communism by Moses Hess! The Bund was funded by some of the largest Jewish banking families in Europe. BOTH Lenin and Hitler had received funding from the Schiff family.

This history is detailed by Orthodox Jewish Rabbi and former head of the Supreme Rabbinical Court in the United States, Marvin S. Antelman in his thoroughly documented two-volume work, To Eliminate the Opiate. I recommend it highly.

9 posted on 02/03/2008 10:30:22 PM PST by Carry_Okie (We have people in power who love evil.)
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To: neverdem
"International organizations and institutions that did not exist in interwar Europe"

Wrong. The abomination that was the precursor of the UN - The League of Nations. A global ass boil right up until the UN tool over.

10 posted on 02/03/2008 10:33:08 PM PST by endthematrix (He was shouting 'Allah!' but I didn't hear that. It just sounded like a lot of crap to me.)
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To: endthematrix
Cont. "United Nations, the European Union, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund — also provide some barriers to the sort of calamity that engulfed Germany.

This is true, by design, as an end to the national sovereignty.

11 posted on 02/03/2008 10:37:14 PM PST by endthematrix (He was shouting 'Allah!' but I didn't hear that. It just sounded like a lot of crap to me.)
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To: SirJohnBarleycorn

After all these years I’m still not clear on the difference between communists and nazis.


12 posted on 02/03/2008 10:39:59 PM PST by katykelly
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To: neverdem
Internally, Jews were associated with the political left — Socialist and Communist — which was made responsible by Hitler and his followers for Germany’s plight.

???

I thought the Jews represented the greedy shopkeepers...small business, and banking system.

13 posted on 02/03/2008 10:42:36 PM PST by DCPatriot ("It aint what you don't know that kills you. It's what you know that aint so" Theodore Sturgeon))
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To: katykelly

Communists are murderous totalitarian enemies of freedom, while the Nazis are racist murderous totalitarian enemies of freedom.


14 posted on 02/03/2008 10:45:01 PM PST by SirJohnBarleycorn
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To: neverdem
"It also reminds us — if such a reminder is necessary — of the need for international cooperation to restrain potential “mad dogs” in world politics before they are dangerous enough to bite."

Cooperation here means POLICE, not PEACE. See: Charter of the United Nations Chapter VII

15 posted on 02/03/2008 10:46:15 PM PST by endthematrix (He was shouting 'Allah!' but I didn't hear that. It just sounded like a lot of crap to me.)
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To: SirJohnBarleycorn

OK, I think I understand.


16 posted on 02/03/2008 10:47:31 PM PST by katykelly
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To: DCPatriot
I thought the Jews represented the greedy shopkeepers...small business, and banking system.

The international bankers are of a different makeup; they are Sabbateans, an apostate branch of Judaism with nothing but contempt for the Torah-observant Jews. The latter take it on the chin for the behavior of the elitists who have their own Kabbalistic Torah Atzilut.

17 posted on 02/03/2008 10:59:26 PM PST by Carry_Okie (We have people in power who love evil.)
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To: neverdem

This is backward. It was Hitler’s party which was socialist


18 posted on 02/03/2008 11:00:45 PM PST by Lorianne
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To: neverdem
Mercifully, what happened in Germany in 1933, and its aftermath, will remain a uniquely terrible episode in history.

Really? Maybe you should ask the people of Sudan, Zimbabwe, Somalia, Rwanda, and a few other African countries about that.

19 posted on 02/03/2008 11:01:16 PM PST by Texas Eagle (Could pacifists exist if there weren't people brave enough to go to war for their right to exist?)
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To: neverdem

Democracy has created a monster in America.

The have-nots can vote and expect to use their numbers to make the more fortunate pay their bills.

There was a reason once only property owners could vote.

and I could go on but I won’t....

it’s all part of a hard reckoning

toss in that it’s now a sin to be a member of a racial, ethnic or religious majority in American culture and that bullying minorities expect their pound of flesh and no accountability of their own.

it’s a veritable mess.......and youngsters simply don’t have a clue...this is all they have ever known.

Amerika...land of the whiney yet earnest


20 posted on 02/03/2008 11:07:43 PM PST by wardaddy (Political Correctness is to Western Culture what the Aids virus is to the cake community)
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To: SirJohnBarleycorn
Communists are murderous totalitarian enemies of freedom, while the Nazis are racist murderous totalitarian enemies of freedom.

On the contrary, Russian communism, the granddaddy of them all, took a back seat to no one when it came to untermenschen (sp?). Their spawn -- China, N. Korea, Cambodia,E. Germany, etc.-- were as unapologetic, unrestrained racists as their situations allowed.

21 posted on 02/03/2008 11:11:06 PM PST by yankeedame ("Oh, I can take it but I'd much rather dish it out.")
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To: wardaddy

Yeah, they want a pound of flesh, but the deal is off once there is a drop of blood. I don’t think they understand that part yet.


22 posted on 02/03/2008 11:18:01 PM PST by neverdem (I have to hope for a brokered GOP Convention. It can't get any worse.)
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To: Carry_Okie

Certainly the threat of communism was quite real, although the cure was as bad as the disease (and no thanks are due to Hitler that only part of Europe suffered the disease as well). But capitalism would have been Germany’s salvation if it had been tried.


23 posted on 02/03/2008 11:22:34 PM PST by Christopher Lincoln
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To: DCPatriot
you’re kidding?

Hitler used the terms Jews and Bolsheviks and Mensheviks interchangeably.

i think it went more psycho than that though....i think he resented them from having been around many Jews in his youth (supposedly his family had worked for Jews at times) and having less money than they did....and they weren't real Germans to him....they were interlopers and anti-pluralists to him.....not really that complicated.

24 posted on 02/03/2008 11:24:06 PM PST by wardaddy (Political Correctness is to Western Culture what the Aids virus is to the cake community)
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To: Lorianne

that is not really accurate...that’s a favorite canard here to try to shake Nazism from any rightist connection....it’s more nuanced than that

in some ways Nazis implemented State control bigtime but they were not collectivists by a long shot nor did they adhere to each according to his needs...except maybe their slave labor...just to feed and house them

they were rightist culturally by the definition of their day.....very nationalistic...

and snappy dressers.....


25 posted on 02/03/2008 11:30:10 PM PST by wardaddy (Political Correctness is to Western Culture what the Aids virus is to the cake community)
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To: wardaddy
If you look at Hilter’s life his views on Jews seem more complicated. I forget the details, but there was some Jewish man earlier in his life that had some effect on him. It may have been that the guy helped him, and later he felt disgusted with himself that he had to rely on a Jew. I think the death of his mother and spending time in Vienna changed him. I’m hot saying he ever loved the Jewish people, but I don’t think he was a always a big Anti Semite, to the point of wanting to commit genocide, his whole life.
26 posted on 02/03/2008 11:35:48 PM PST by SoCal Pubbie
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To: neverdem
With all the RATs crossing over to vote in the GOP caucucses and primaries, like in Florida, to give victories to McCain I see that our democratic process so many flaws that it can be declared broken. We need a better system than this MSM driven popularity contest. Only party members should be allowed to vote for the parties candidates. Allowing any and everyone to vote as if it were a general election lends itself to dirty tricks and abuse.
27 posted on 02/03/2008 11:39:16 PM PST by fella (Is he al-taquiya or is he murtadd? Only his iman knows for sure.)
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To: katykelly
In Fascism the Government own business through law (ie., they tell them whom they can hire how much they must be paid,ect) but the owners of the actual business still own the bussiness/property and are still allowed their salary plus property rights. In communism the government takes over all business and property and install any owner, worker, tenant,.... it chooses.

thats just the basics

28 posted on 02/04/2008 12:46:12 AM PST by KingNo155
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To: katykelly

It’s like Hillary & Obama.


29 posted on 02/04/2008 2:31:53 AM PST by Mark was here (The earth is bipolar.)
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To: Lorianne
This is backward. It was Hitler’s party which was socialist
Nope. Stupid Goldberg, people are still parroting his pap.
30 posted on 02/04/2008 3:22:42 AM PST by ketsu
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To: Texas Eagle
Really? Maybe you should ask the people of Sudan, Zimbabwe, Somalia, Rwanda, and a few other African countries about that.
Apples and oranges. What made the Nazis special was that they applied industrial principles to genocide(i.e. they actually had scientists *studying* how to commit genocide more effectively). That's what makes them different and terrifying.
31 posted on 02/04/2008 3:24:40 AM PST by ketsu
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To: wardaddy

ding ding ding. Somebody that gets it.


32 posted on 02/04/2008 3:25:27 AM PST by ketsu
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To: neverdem
Does any one know if this is taught in high school?

We homeschool our kids, so yes. But in government school? Doubt it.

33 posted on 02/04/2008 3:28:21 AM PST by ovrtaxt (No Rudy McRombee for me! I voted for Ron Paul. The GOP can curl up and die.)
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To: neverdem
COULD something like it happen again? SOMETHING is happening; muslims are using the organs of liberal democracies to limit fundamental freedoms, implement sharia laws, and slowly evolve a new caliphate. The New York Times nails some evil but non-global targets and ignores the most threatening international evil.
34 posted on 02/04/2008 3:28:49 AM PST by ricks_place
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To: SirJohnBarleycorn

Interesting that even today the statists talk as if the only choice is between some form of communism and fascism (with many statists favoring communism without the “mistakes” of Stalinism — this time they will get it right, yawn). The totalitarian mindset has completely taken over. Their outlook starts and stops with Lenin (even though Lenin inspired both Stalin and Hitler). The idea of a market economy under the rule of law is an alternative they don’t even see, and it is not taught in school.


35 posted on 02/04/2008 3:37:27 AM PST by Wilhelm Tell (True or False? This is not a tag line.)
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To: katykelly
After all these years I’m still not clear on the difference between communists and nazis.

Communists = Stalin, Mao, Pol Pot. All the intellectuals and factory owners are rounded up and shot.

Nazis = Hitler. All the intellectuals and factory owners who don't do as they are told are shot.

Nazi beliefs tie in a lot more explicit racism (literally, not the Dem cheap shot). Eugenics, master race, that kind of thing; and Nazis allowed a middle class.

Cheers!

36 posted on 02/04/2008 5:29:45 AM PST by grey_whiskers (The opinions are solely those of the author and are subject to change without notice.)
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To: Carry_Okie

the victors always get to write (or rewrite) the history.


37 posted on 02/04/2008 5:42:08 AM PST by tired1 (responsibility without authority is slavery!)
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To: wardaddy
they were rightist culturally by the definition of their day.....very nationalistic...

The problem is that "Left" at the time was defined as "pro-Soviet", while "Right" was defined as anything that was "anti-Soviet", so you would have Jeffersonians and Nazis being termed equally "Rightist"

In reality, the only problem that the Nazis had with the Soviets was that THEY wanted to be in charge of a world-controlling super-state. And do you really think the Soviets were not nationalistic? You seriously think Stalin and his buddies would have been in favor of sharing power with Communists from all over the world on an equal basis?

38 posted on 02/04/2008 6:00:27 AM PST by PapaBear3625
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To: wardaddy

The American Republic is the only thing which could bring together the diverse colonial interests and eliminate grudges after the Revolutionary War. It’s a pity we didn’t have enough faith to impose such a system in Iraq.
I guess Bremer and the Euro-butt sniffers at State find the parliamentary model more elegant and civilized.


39 posted on 02/04/2008 6:23:18 AM PST by steve8714 (Don't sacrifice the important for the urgent.)
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To: neverdem

No, they teach democracy is the ultimate goal and solves all problems.


40 posted on 02/04/2008 6:27:46 AM PST by Tribune7 (How is inflicting pain and death on an innocent, helpless human being for profit, moral?)
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To: wardaddy

Bingo! You should have seen our campus newspaper last week. Other than the sports coverage and a couple of articles about new construction on campus, it was like a MoveOn.org press release. Special reports on diversity (there’s never enough), the gay & lesbian & transsexual community, the anti-war movement. There was a long letter to the editor from a professor accusing the Republicans of being reverse Robin Hoods who rob from the poor and give to the rich. There was a political cartoon about sinister right-wingers torturing innocent Muslims and then destroying the evidence. There was the usual hand-wringing about racism, sexism, homophobia, classism, etc.. The only controversy is the on-going debate over whether we need a woman or a black president to revolutionize America and make us fairer, more diverse, more tolerant, more peaceful & loving, less offensive to foreign nations. Young people are inundated with this stuff from the moment they start school or start watching television.


41 posted on 02/04/2008 6:39:23 AM PST by puroresu (Enjoy ASIAN CINEMA? See my Freeper page for recommendations (updated!).)
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To: steve8714
The American Republic is the only thing which could bring together the diverse colonial interests and eliminate grudges after the Revolutionary War. It’s a pity we didn’t have enough faith to impose such a system in Iraq.

Our Founding Fathers didn't have to deal with people who were willing to strap bombs to mentally impaired girls and then send them out to blow up innocent men, women, and children.

42 posted on 02/04/2008 6:52:03 AM PST by puroresu (Enjoy ASIAN CINEMA? See my Freeper page for recommendations (updated!).)
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To: puroresu

Huh? Local grudges become politically irrelevant in a Federal system.
That would be one less irritant.


43 posted on 02/04/2008 7:44:55 AM PST by steve8714 (Don't sacrifice the important for the urgent.)
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To: katykelly

Facists (including Nazis) use nationalistic and racist attacks on Jews, blacks, homosexuals and anyone of faith.

Communism has an internationalist facade (”we are all brothers regardless of race or nationality”) while killing Jews, blacks, homosexuals and anyone of faith.

Other than that, they are both totolitarian regimes where the govenment controls every aspect of life, including the economy, distribution of wealth to social behavior. They are two sides of the same Marxist, revolutionary, utopian coin.


44 posted on 02/04/2008 8:02:02 AM PST by sanchmo
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To: PapaBear3625; ketsu
The Nazis thought the Russians except for a handful of genetic Prussian leftovers were inferior.

They felt Soviet collectivism was a product of inferior peoples.

The Nazis were not collectivists.

Nazis- Authoritarian

Soviets-Totalitarian

Pol Pot and some Mao Years and North Korea- even more Totalitarian

the circular political paradigm we all know is where right meets left between Authoritarianism and Collectivism is at this juncture where we are talking about.

the only thing Socialist about the Nazis really was their name. they were the essence of Facists more than they were Socialists by a long shot

I grant that state control as in a police state is part of Fascism obviously

what some here like to view as far far right political example would be some uber libertarian utopia.....something we have never had an example of to judge from

so far in human history when the right veers off the reservation, it’s into Fascism or Authoritarianism...all rationalized of course, not far right Freedom.

and that is how political writers since Hobbes have treated it too.

BTW...Stalin most certainly made alliances and shared world power with other Commies all over the world....a main reason we worked to stop them.

so did the Nazis.

Russian nationalism was an answer to Nazi aggression more than a product of it’s own like Nazism’s blood creed. There was no blood creed for Soviets, just territory.

It’s just my opinion but lumping Nazis and Soviets together is simply very inaccurate. Both were entirely different political systems foisted on their populaces by much different motivations and world views and ideologies. Nazism was at it's heart a response to Bolshevism as much as it was to Versailles

45 posted on 02/04/2008 8:09:30 AM PST by wardaddy (Political Correctness is to Western Culture what the Aids virus is to the cake community)
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To: wardaddy

Great analysis. You should post more often.


46 posted on 02/04/2008 8:17:47 AM PST by ketsu
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To: ketsu

“Nope. Stupid Goldberg, people are still parroting his pap.”

Hitlers party was the National socialists party. Their acronym was- Nazi


47 posted on 02/04/2008 8:55:47 AM PST by antisocial (Texas SCV - Deo Vindice)
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To: steve8714

Are you talking about partition or are you talking about expecting all the religious and ethnic factions who hate each others’ guts to live together within one federalist system?

The Founding Fathers succeeded because we didn’t have universal suffrage back then, and the only people who could vote were reasonable individuals, not violent, hate-driven extremists or people expecting handouts from the government.


48 posted on 02/04/2008 10:01:46 AM PST by puroresu (Enjoy ASIAN CINEMA? See my Freeper page for recommendations (updated!).)
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To: puroresu

I’m talking about a Federal system, with certain powers to the central gov’t, all others to the provinces or individual people.


49 posted on 02/04/2008 1:16:31 PM PST by steve8714 (Don't sacrifice the important for the urgent.)
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To: antisocial; Lorraine
Granted, the notion of what constitutes socialism has evolved over the last 80 years. However, Hitler’s party was indeed the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeitspartei (NSDAP), i.e., the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, with “Nazi” derived from the German pronunciation (“Nah-tzee”) of the “Nati” in “Nationalsozialistische” (or, according to some, from the “Na” in “National” and the “zi” in “sozialistische”), to distinguish them from the Social Democrats, who were known as the “Sozi.”
50 posted on 02/04/2008 3:36:58 PM PST by Tenniel2 (If you liked the nomenklatura, you'll love the PIAPSburo.)
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