Posted on 02/13/2008 11:10:35 AM PST by Brian S. Fitzgerald
Saturn's orange moon Titan has hundreds of times more liquid hydrocarbons than all the known oil and natural gas reserves on Earth, according to new Cassini data. The hydrocarbons rain from the sky, collecting in vast deposits that form lakes and dunes.
The new findings from the study led by Ralph Lorenz, Cassini radar team member from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, USA, are reported in the 29 January 2008 issue of the Geophysical Research Letters.
"Titan is just covered in carbon-bearing material--it's a giant factory of organic chemicals," said Lorenz. "This vast carbon inventory is an important window into the geology and climate history of Titan."
At a balmy minus 179o C , Titan is a far cry from Earth. Instead of water, liquid hydrocarbons in the form of methane and ethane are present on the moon's surface, and tholins probably make up its dunes. The term 'tholins' was coined by Carl Sagan in 1979 to describe the complex organic molecules at the heart of prebiotic chemistry.
Cassini has mapped about 20% of Titan's surface with radar. Several hundred lakes and seas have been observed, with each of several dozen estimated to contain more hydrocarbon liquid than Earth's oil and gas reserves. The dark dunes that run along the equator contain a volume of organics several hundred times larger than Earth's coal reserves.
Proven reserves of natural gas on Earth total 130 thousand million tons, enough to provide 300 times the amount of energy the entire United States uses annually for residential heating, cooling and lighting. Dozens of Titan's lakes individually have the equivalent of at least this much energy in the form of methane and ethane.
"This global estimate is based mostly on views of the lakes in the northern polar regions. We have assumed the south might be similar, but we really don't yet know how much liquid is there," said Lorenz. Cassini's radar has observed the south polar region only once, and only two small lakes were visible. Future observations of that area are planned during Cassini's proposed extended mission.
Scientists estimated Titan's lake depth by making some general assumptions based on lakes on Earth. They took the average area and depth of lakes on Earth, taking into account the nearby surroundings, like mountains. On Earth, the lake depth is often 10 times less than the height of nearby terrain.
"We also know that some lakes are more than 10 m or so deep because they appear literally pitch-black to the radar. If they were shallow we'd see the bottom, and we don't," said Lorenz.
The question of how much liquid is on the surface is an important one because methane is a strong greenhouse gas on Titan as well as on Earth, but there is much more of it on Titan. If all the observed liquid on Titan is methane, it would only last a few million years, because as methane escapes into Titan's atmosphere, it breaks down and escapes into space. If the methane were to run out, Titan could become much colder. Scientists believe that methane might be supplied to the atmosphere by venting from the interior in cryovolcanic eruptions. If so, the amount of methane, and the temperature on Titan, may have fluctuated dramatically in Titan's past.
"We are carbon-based life, and understanding how far along the chain of complexity towards life that chemistry can go in an environment like Titan will be important in understanding the origins of life throughout the universe," added Lorenz.
Cassini's next radar flyby of Titan is on 22 February 2008, when the radar instrument will observe the landing site of ESA's Huygens probe.
The pipeline is going to be a real bear, though.
Economic opportunity? Kudzu farm?
New line of Super Tankers Coming!
Wow just think of it, instead of $100 a barrel oil we can have $1 million dollar a barrel oil!!!
L
Wasn’t the Nostromo a hydrocarbon processing ship?
So does this have any bearing on the debate about whether oil comes from dead plants and animals?
By the time we develop the technology to get there and bring it back we won’t need those hydrocarbons anymore.
Don’t light a match!
Ummmm. Stupid question. How exactly is it organic?
Future Outland site.
Wouldn’t Algore just love it if we started importing and burning carbon from other planets? It would almost be worth the trouble just to make him even more insane.
We’ll be destroying the solar system.
No space exploration for oil. /s
Commercial Towing Vessel Nostromo, an M-Class starfreighter property of the Weyland-Yutani Corporation, is a tug, a towing vessel, hauling an enormous (some 1.5 miles in length) ore refinery and 20 million tons of raw ore, weighing many times the mass of the Nostromo.
The original definition of "organic" chemistry came from the misconception that organic compounds were always related to life processes. Not only organic compounds support life on Earth, as life as we know it also depends on inorganic chemistry; for example, many enzymes rely on transition metals such as iron and copper; and materials such as shells, teeth and bones are part organic, part inorganic in composition. Apart from elemental carbon, only with certain classes of carbon compounds such as oxides, carbonates, and carbides are conventionally considered inorganic. Biochemistry deals mainly with the natural chemistry of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and sugars.
Yup ... until they were wiped out by the Titanian industrial revolution.
I think this is some kind of attempt by a certain “alien” creature to lure us to Titan. I’m just sayin’.
Where do I have to go to stake my claim on Titan?
I’m sure Greenpeace is building a spacecraft as we speak.
Let’s get a space convoy going.
Space ping
Technically, anything based on carbon compounds is organic. Organic doesn't always have to refer to life, just the carbon. (old dictionaries still have it restricted to based on plants or animals, but the definition has been expanded.)
From what series or realm does this vessel belong to?
The Audobon society, which gets large revenues from oil wells on land it owns in Louisiana, will probably object to building a pipline or drilling there because it will destroy the environment. “Oil Drilling on our land and we get the money is good, drilling on others land and them getting the money is bad.”
“How exactly is it organic?”
It’s not a stupid question. Any carbon based molecule is referred to as being “organic”. It does not mean it has to be from a living thing.
I was so hopeful to first to notice it...
Good question.
“Organic” chemistry, and by extension the use of “organic compounds” as an expression for hydrocarbons is due to the importance of Carbon molecules in living organisms.
They’re not called organic because (for instance) they’re harvested from Chinese prisons and Coma victims, and then sold to the highest bidder. Though that would be cool.
Fair question: one of the definitions of "organic" is "relating to living matter".
As far as we know that doesn't apply here, and that's probably what led to your question.
But another definition of "organic" is "characterized by continuous or natural development".
That seems more appropriate.
The movie Alien.
It's an extraterriestrial organism of peace.
Dinosaurs on Titan?
Or, my theory, hydrocarbons are the basic building block of the universe...
“So does this have any bearing on the debate about whether oil comes from dead plants and animals?”
Absofreakinlutley. This discovery would seem to prove it doesn’t have to.
Generally implies carbon chains and some benzene rings in the chemistry of the compounds found.
Oh, never mind.
- Emily Latella
Fragmentary Clue - "In Space, No-one..."
They mustta had a alot of dinosaurs up there!
AND Yet... no scientists are studing how the natural prodution of hydro carbons is possible.. So that WE can do it.. Might not need fusion if making hydro carbons were easily doable..
If we had the technology to get there, we wouldn’t need oil.
LOL. And John Hurt was the first human to appease it.
Ah
I haven’t watch Alien in a while.
In the follow-up movie (Aliens), Ripley is put on trial for the senseless destruction of company property. A company employee (played by Paul Reiser) explains to Ripley that an M-class starfreighter "Is a very expensive piece of equipment".
Cool!
Here’s what we do...
Fly out there with a gigantic rocket engine that will be powered by the moons hydrocarbons. Light it up, fly it to earth and park it in a geosynchronous orbit, then build the pipeline!
“can hear you scream.”
Unfortunately, I don't think the sarcasm tag is fully accurate. There are greenies who would agree with your statement and concepts to trerraform Mars, for instance, have been met with criticism that we shouldn't be altering nature.
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2007GL032118.shtml Abstract
Cassini RADAR observations now permit an initial assessment of the inventory of two classes, presumed to be organic, of Titan surface materials: polar lake liquids and equatorial dune sands. Several hundred lakes or seas have been observed, of which dozens are each estimated to contain more hydrocarbon liquid than the entire known oil and gas reserves on Earth. Dark dunes cover some 20% of Titan's surface, and comprise a volume of material several hundred times larger than Earth's coal reserves. Overall, however, the identified surface inventories (>3 × 104 km3 of liquid, and >2 × 105 km3 of dune sands) are small compared with estimated photochemical production on Titan over the age of the solar system. The sand volume is too large to be accounted for simply by erosion in observed river channels or ejecta from observed impact craters. The lakes are adequate in extent to buffer atmospheric methane against photolysis in the short term, but do not contain enough methane to sustain the atmosphere over geologic time. Unless frequent resupply from the interior buffers this greenhouse gas at exactly the right rate, dramatic climate change on Titan is likely in its past, present and future.
Received 2 October 2007; accepted 26 November 2007; published 29 January 2008.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 35, L02206, doi:10.1029/2007GL032118, 2008 Titan's inventory of organic surface materials Ralph D. Lorenz Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA Karl L. Mitchell Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Randolph L. Kirk U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA Alexander G. Hayes Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Oded Aharonson Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Howard A. Zebker Departments of Geophysics and Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Phillipe Paillou UMR 5804, Laboratorie d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Observatorie Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers, Floirac, France Jani Radebaugh Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA Jonathan I. Lunine Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA Michael A. Janssen Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Stephen D. Wall Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Rosaly M. Lopes Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Bryan Stiles Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Steve Ostro Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Giuseppe Mitri Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA Ellen R. Stofan Proxemy Research, Rectortown, Virginia, USAKeywords: Titan; surface; organics.
Index Terms: 6281 Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects: Titan; 5470 Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets: Surface materials and properties; 5464 Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets: Remote sensing; 5405 Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets: Atmospheres (0343, 1060).
That’s the first thing I thought. Send up Peter Boyle to run the place and Sean Connery to police it.
Behold: The Space Elevator.
We could use them on Mars, because it is deficient in hydrogen compared to the Earth.
In chemistry, "organic" means a compound contains carbon plus other elements, especially hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
It's a historical thing.
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