Posted on 02/28/2008 2:08:28 PM PST by Jedi Master Pikachu
With its economy growing at more than triple the speed of Britain's, India has become a global leader in information technology and other hi-tech products.
But how has this been possible in a country where poverty is so widespread and where more than a third of people are still illiterate? In the words of Nobel laureate economist Amartya Sen, "the danger of India moving in the direction of being half California and half sub-Saharan Africa is a real one." The contrast between hi-tech, silicon enclaves such as Bangalore and the primitive conditions of many Indian villages and urban slums strikes even the most casual tourist. So is the dramatic rise of Indian IT firms just a Californian bubble in the sub-Saharan deserts of Indian poverty? Not according to Anand Mahindra, managing director of a family business, Mahindra and Mahindra, that has grown into one of India's largest conglomerates, producing everything from tractors to telecommunications.
"The IT sector was a kicker to growth," he says. "Its impact was psychological. It signalled to the world that India was much more than its old historical stereotypes.
"It suddenly in an exaggerated manner, if you ask me, made the world think that every Indian was smart and could fix their computers. "But that helped entrepreneurs in India from all industry segments, because it gave them a more receptive environment in which to do business." The number of Indian IT professionals has leapt from 56,000 in 1991 to a million today. That's still tiny relative to a population of over a billion, but a rare achievement in a global market where IT has traditionally been the preserve of advanced industrial economies. Reliability costs But how do hi-tech Indian companies survive and prosper in an environment where even basic infrastructure like transport, power and water is so notoriously unreliable? Phiroz Vandrevala, executive director of Tata Consultancy Services, India's oldest and largest IT firm, says: "What we've actually done is within our own environments created global circles, oases of excellence.
"So if we build any facility, we create a 24-hour power back-up," he says,"or if you employ x number of people, you actually transport everybody from their home to their place of work."
"But it certainly is a cost to doing business." While IT firms are cocooned within their oases of excellence, poor infrastructure can be a crippling cost for other sectors, such as large-scale manufacturing. Anand Mahindra, whom many consider the sub-continent's most thoughtful businessman, warns that India cannot live by IT alone. "Even Bill Gates when he came to India said, 'IT is not the answer for employment. You're going to have to emulate China and its manufacturing sector, because that's where the jobs are and that's where the multiplier effect is the highest,'" says Mr Mahindra. "So it was a nice, sobering thought to come from the Messiah of IT himself. "If you want to make a million Barbie dolls, this is not the place to come. Then you go to China. This is not a widget-making manufacturing economy, and that is largely and possibly only due to our poor infrastructure. "We simply don't have the power in terms of energy to meet such high capacities. We don't have the port infrastructure and the transportation infrastructure to ship out such a high volume of goods in a reliable and timely manner." Education, education
So instead of making widgets, Indian manufacturing is currently building on its comparative advantages in engineering-intensive goods, which require versatility, flexibility and innovation. One example is carmaking, with domestic and foreign firms now investing an estimated $6.6bn in new Indian factories.
But growth in these high-value sectors is also running up against a skills shortage fuelled by lack of what's called social infrastructure - primarily good education. Although Indian universities churn out three million graduates a year, only 15% of them are suitable employees for blue-chip companies. That's nowhere near enough for Phiroz Vandrevala of Tata Consultancy Services. "We have a tremendous amount of availability, but the suitability quotient is slightly low. If you look at about a hundred engineers from different educational institutions, in a company like ours about 20% make the cut," says Mr Vandrevala.
"Every industry is going to have to make significant investments in training for their own skills." Despite growing investment in education, India still lags way behind its Western competitors. Thirty-five per cent of its population is still illiterate; only 15% of Indian students reach high school, and just 7% graduate. Change is messy Privatisations, or at least public-private partnerships, are now widely seen as the way to open up essential infrastructure like education, transport, power and even water to competition and new investment. But local delivery depends on the quality of local leadership and its willingness to cut back its own powers. Indian democracy undoubtedly makes structural change a lot slower and more messy than in China, but there is genuine optimism among Indian economists that the system will eventually deliver. "Our confidence in rapid growth is quite recent, because rapid growth itself is recent, and so for the state to gear up to provide the infrastructure that's appropriate for 8 to 9% growth is taking a while," says Suman Bery, head of a leading Delhi think-tank called the National Council for Advanced Economic Research. "We're not one of these countries like France or China which does things in advance and pre-emptively.
"The shoe has to pinch before we get round to it. "Infrastructure strikes me as an issue that will solve itself. It may hold growth back a little bit, but I don't think it's fatal." |
"But that helped entrepreneurs in India from all industry segments, because it gave them a more receptive environment in which to do business.'"
Mr. Mahindra sooooo gets it.
It's surprising what a little pr can help build--and what a little 'nr' can help destroy. A self-feeding loop, both ways.
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On the reconnoiter of Stormfront which was made a while ago, one of them commented something about a link between light skin and intelligence (linking Europeans and northeast Asians).
Almost undoubtedly, Dravidian tech workers would rather be lumped with light[er]-skinned northern Indians--just look at Indian celebrities: they don't look all that similar to the 'average' Indian--but the fact is that they are a huge beacon of hope for people such as Australian aborigines and Africans. They are extremely intelligent and extremely brown. They prove that a large group of non-Caucasoid, non-Mongoloid people can be intellectually successful.
[slapping forehead] Arghhhh, trying to not delve too much into 'race' things as have been recently.
Dravidian origin, and genetic difference from the majority Indo-Aryans, is disputed.
For example, the actress whose photograph is pasted above, is from south India, and specifically, Dravidian.
What is “nr”?
She, or her family may have emigrated to the south, but I doubt she is of Dravidian stock.
She, or her family may have emigrated to the south but I doubt she is of Dravidian stock. Dravidians of southern India are closely related to the aborigines of Australia being part of the same landmass at one time.
I am woefully ignorant about the different ethnic groups that make up India. All I know is, they’ve made miraculous progress in the past couple of decades. They are and will continue to be an important counterbalance against Pakistan and China. I really admire them. The fact that India can produce the likes of Aishwarya Rai doesn’t hurt, sort of like Canada and Shania Twain. :-)
I'd like to say that genetics is complex in southern India, and the whole of India, generally. You can even find blue eyes in people in places historically cut off from foreigners, and other people.
And it is the case in India, as in many countries in Latin America--and in the United States, that socially the less Caucasoid-appearing get the short end of the stick.
Yes, sort of a freak with eccentricities--but with decent arguments and opinions now and then.
However, disapprove of the United States depending on alliances, especially when the ally has the potential to crush the United States (as India does).
And their economic progress is admirable. They still have some work to go socially, though that is hardly confined to their country.
*From the Creationist viewpoint, continents moving into their current positions primarily happened during the Flood (with tectonic shift today moving the continents a little) and humanity (all 8 of them) were in a ship bound for a mountain probably in southwestern Asia. --and all humans are of not only one species, but one race; there hasn't been enough time for humanity to split into full-fledged races, and that is something that is good for all humans.
You’re free to ping your list, if you want. Up to you. Just letting you know.
The structures below are mostly monolithic- carved out of single hills and boulders.
Ruins at Hampi, southern India.
As for the Dravidians, they have been a major culture throughout India's history. Some of the world's most spectacular architectural features such as the ruins at Hampi, and the Vijeyanagar kingdoms, were all Dravidian.
Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, southern India.
It is also said that the Dravidians are the descendents of the people who built the Indus Valley Civilisation.
The Great Bath, Indus Valley, present-day Pakistan.
Aware that you don't espouse the Aryan invasion theory, but according to that viewpoint, the ancestors of the Dravidians were people of the Indus Valley Civilization. Agree that they have an impressive culture.
She, or her family may have emigrated to the south but I doubt she is of Dravidian stock. Dravidians of southern India are closely related to the aborigines of Australia being part of the same landmass at one time.
What you say would lead to a different theory on human evolution...because Humans and life itself seems to have appeared way after India and Australia separated from what was then Gondwana land and now Africa. I am not saying that it is far fetched...but then the seeds of life would have had to have been sown way before evidence supports it to have happened.
I am from Bangalore specifically and my ancestors have originated from this region for as far back as I can trace. I am not quite as dark. I am not saying “that I am Dravidian” or “Aryan”. I was reading here on FR of India being the origin point of all non-black people and how the genetically Indians are more diverse than any other country. Might be something in that....
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