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The South Rises Again
Campus Report ^ | March 21, 2008 | Malcolm Kline

Posted on 03/21/2008 5:22:11 AM PDT by bs9021

The South Rises Again

by: Malcolm A. Kline, March 20, 2008

Academics’ attitudes towards the South color their teaching about the region, particularly lessons on the Civil War, and their histories, thus, often project myth rather than reality. “Many historians, myself excepted, go in with an argument before they have done their research and seek to impose their present policy positions on the past,” University of Pennsylvania historian Walter McDougall said on March 11 in an appearance at the Cato Institute here. “I prefer to go in plug ignorant.”

McDougall is the author of the recently released Throes of Democracy: The American Civil War Era 1829-1879. “Truth versus error doesn’t make a lot of difference in academic circles now,” Herman Belz, a professor of history at the University of Maryland, said later in the same forum.

Despite his own admonition, McDougall finds an “irresistible parallel” “between “Reconstruction and Operation Iraqi Freedom.” “Reconstruction was America’s first experiment with nation-building,” he explains.

If that analogy holds, it does not bode well for the current effort abroad. “Reconstruction was a failure,” Belz avers. “Freed blacks did not get freedom.”

“Emancipation brought segregation,” and “the national government got bigger.” Although McDougall and company point to “wounded pride” as “the reason for secession,” the debate over the size and scope of the federal government, their evidence suggests, may have also been a motivating factor, even more than slavery itself was....

Both Rubin and McDougall agree that the proportion of southerners who actually owned slaves topped out at about one-third of the population below the Mason-Dixon Line, according to the census figures at the time. “But even the ones who didn’t own slaves wanted to,” Rubin says.

“Slavery did not cause secession,” Belz argues. ...

(Excerpt) Read more at campusreportonline.net ...


TOPICS: Constitution/Conservatism; Culture/Society; Government; US: Maryland; US: Pennsylvania
KEYWORDS: civilwar; confederacy; dixie; history; northernaggression; slavery
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1 posted on 03/21/2008 5:22:12 AM PDT by bs9021
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To: bs9021
The Truth has been written by many Southern Historians... but not accepted by liberal elite east coast academia.

LLS

2 posted on 03/21/2008 5:26:36 AM PDT by LibLieSlayer (Could I ever vote for mcstain? osamabama hussein may convince me yet!)
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To: bs9021

A GREAT BOOK - The Politically Incorrect Guide to the South

What the liberal media don’t want you to know - and what they get plain wrong about the South and its history
PLUS: Why you’d probably be happier living there - if you’re not already

The Politically Incorrect Guide to the South
by Clint Johnson

http://www.conservativebookclub.com/products/BookPage.asp?prod_cd=c7003

If there’s anything the liberal media loves to hate,it’s the South. And thanks largely to them,today almost every reminder of Southern history and heritage is under attack: battle flags,soldier statues,even songs such as “Dixie.” Now,in The Politically Incorrect Guide to the South,Clint Johnson fights back against this media-led “hate the South” campaign. He reveals that,far from being the backwater of prejudice and hate that liberals would have you believe,the South has always been the center of American culture. Indeed,Johnson shows,from the Founding Fathers(Washington,Jefferson,Madison,Monroe,and many others) to the frontiersmen who tamed the West to the Country Music,NASCAR,Bible-thumping heart of “Red State” America,the South is the quintessence of what’s original,unique,and most-loved about American culture. And with its emphasis on traditional values,family,faith,military service,good manners,small government,and independent-minded people,the South is just plain more livable than the North - which is one reason why millions of Yankees,white and black,have been moving down there in droves.


3 posted on 03/21/2008 5:28:26 AM PDT by NavyCanDo
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To: LibLieSlayer
The Truth has been written by many Southern Historians... but not accepted by liberal elite east coast academia.

OK, I'll bite. What exactly is "The Truth" with respect to this topic? This article doesn't say much except string together a bunch of quotes. What exactly is the great conspiracy that is making Southerners "victims" here?

4 posted on 03/21/2008 5:37:03 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: NavyCanDo

It’s not just the South. The Corrupt Media (i.e. the “Mainstream Newsmedia) hates the entire U.S.A.


5 posted on 03/21/2008 5:42:33 AM PDT by Savage Beast ("History is not just cruel. It is witty." ~Charles Krauthammer)
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To: NavyCanDo

“...and independent-minded people,the South is just plain more livable than the North...”

Frankly, I was amazed at the incredible number of small, independent businesses here in SC. Entreprenuers are everywhere. Rural Michigan, with its boarded up businesses and for sale signs popping up like weeds, looks like a movie set for a depression era film by comparison.

It’s my belief that SC will weather any recession due to its diverse business base.


6 posted on 03/21/2008 5:46:38 AM PDT by sergeantdave (Governments hate armed citizens more than armed criminals)
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To: NavyCanDo

From the books back cover....

The Politically Incorrect Guide to the South gives you the facts behind scores of revelations like these:

The first of the 13 colonies to formally legalize slavery? (Hint: it’s not in the South)

How Georgia banned slaves - and lawyers - in its founding charter

Why the South is more important to the American Founding than the North

Throw away those history textbooks: How the South,not the North,started -and won — the American Revolution

How Southerners led the way in drafting the Declaration of Independence,the U.S. Constitution,and the Bill of Rights

Why Northerners - not Southerners - wanted slaves to be counted as property instead of people in the Constitution

Peculiar fact about the wealthy slaveholder whose court cases helped legalize slavery in Virginia: he was black

How Virginia militiamen created the American Midwest

Why Northern states threatened secession long before the Confederacy - and why they considered it Constitutional

How the expansion of the U.S. across the continent from 1830-1850 - which gave us the term “Manifest Destiny” - was largely a Southern achievement

Lewis & Clark? Southerners,of course

The first two Jewish members of the U.S. Senate? Yep,you guessed it

How Southerners outnumbered Northerners almost four to one among the heroes of the Alamo

Why slavery,which spread across all thirteen colonies,was far crueler in the North than the South

How the Northern colonies grew rich on slave trading - and revived slavery in the South just before it collapsed

New York City’s largest industry in 1860? The outfitting of slave ships

The site of a mass grave for slaves who were literally worked to death? Hint: it’s not in the South

Why economics - not slavery - was the driving force behind the War Between the States

How Lincoln twice refused — or actually revoked — orders for emancipating slaves

How Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation left more than 800,000 slaves in bondage in states aligned with or occupied by the Union

Black heroes of the Confederacy - and other great Southern blacks you won’t hear about during Black History Month

How the more civilized Southern way of war contributed to its defeat - in contrast to the North’s brutal “total war” against civilians and property

How the Northern victory dealt a death blow to states’rights - leading eventually to today’s all-powerful federal government

Why “Reconstruction” is the most misnamed period in American history

Why segregation,which didn’t exist in the antebellum South,was a legacy of Northern-imposed “Reconstruction”

How virtually all of America’s highest-ranking World War II generals had Confederate roots

How Southerners won World War II in the Pacific theater

How the South was making movies when Hollywood was nowhere

Why race relations in today’s South are much better than in the North - or anywhere else in America

What Yankee reporters don’t understand about the South

Why faith and family come first in the South

Why the South is naturally conservative (and the North is naturally liberal)

Why limited government and low tax rates are a Southern tradition

Why Northerners - white and black — keep moving South

Statistics show Southerners are happier than people in other regions - Clint Johnson shows you why

It’s a fact: Southern women dominate beauty pageants,and Southern men dominate in sports

Why blacks have been moving back to the South in droves

How American jazz,blues,and rock ‘n’ roll (when it was still music) all came from the South

Why blacks hold more - and more powerful - political offices in the South than in the North

Why Southern industry is booming,while the North’s is going bust

The second war against the South — the campaign to erase memory and history - and how it serves liberal interests

Why Southerners are overrepresented in the military - and no,it’s not poverty

The best American literature? Southern,of course - and our high school and college reading lists confirm it

10 Things Southerners Don’t Understand About the North (#1: Why isn’t Ted Kennedy in prison?)


7 posted on 03/21/2008 5:51:13 AM PDT by NavyCanDo
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To: NavyCanDo

Sounds like a real feel-good book.


8 posted on 03/21/2008 5:55:10 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: NavyCanDo

Excellent post!


9 posted on 03/21/2008 5:59:25 AM PDT by ohioman
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To: rhombus
[ What exactly is the great conspiracy that is making Southerners "victims" here? ]

Socialism is Slavery by Givernent,, Democracy causes socialism and north eastern States have and do push the socialism that democracy causes.. Democracts are for democracy but republicans(historically) are for the republic

10 posted on 03/21/2008 6:01:04 AM PDT by hosepipe (CAUTION: This propaganda is laced with hyperbole....)
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To: NavyCanDo

THE REAL LINCOLN and LINCOLN UNMASKED by Dr. Tom DiLorenzo are excellent histories of what really happened in that era. Of course, members of the Church of Lincoln would disagree.


11 posted on 03/21/2008 6:01:10 AM PDT by izzatzo
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To: bs9021
“Reconstruction was America’s first experiment with nation-building,” he explains.

It was an abysmal failure...radical Republican disenfranchisement of former Confederates doomed it from the start. The corrupt Freedman's Bureau and more corrupt (carpetbagger/scalawag) politics emanating from the Grant administration added fuel to the raging doom and set up a climate of racism that would last a century. Had Lincoln lived, with his vision or reconciliation and implementation of Civil Rights for former slaves without northern bayonets and with full states rights concurrence, it would have been different.

12 posted on 03/21/2008 6:05:51 AM PDT by meandog (Please pray for future President McCain--day minus 306 and counting! Stay home and get Baraked!)
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To: hosepipe
Socialism is Slavery by Givernent,, Democracy causes socialism and north eastern States have and do push the socialism that democracy causes.. Democracts are for democracy but republicans(historically) are for the republic

Well think about this... Is it really north eastern states or is it urban living? As people live in closer proximity it would make sense that they would seek more restrictive rules. For example have you ever been in a city during a garbage strike? Assigning all your boogie monsters to north eastern states I think it just as bad as northern stereotypes about southerners (IMHO).

13 posted on 03/21/2008 6:18:25 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: meandog
It was an abysmal failure...radical Republican disenfranchisement of former Confederates doomed it from the start. The corrupt Freedman's Bureau and more corrupt (carpetbagger/scalawag) politics emanating from the Grant administration added fuel to the raging doom and set up a climate of racism that would last a century. Had Lincoln lived, with his vision or reconciliation and implementation of Civil Rights for former slaves without northern bayonets and with full states rights concurrence, it would have been different.

Um... the Klan was less than helpful too as were the calls to cut and run in Washington.

14 posted on 03/21/2008 6:19:35 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: meandog
As a Southerner, I agree. While a live Lincoln was bad for the Confederacy, a dead one was much, much worse for the South.

I do not bash Lincoln like some Southern Patriots around here do. I am glad the USA is one country. It's good to hear that the Southern part of the USA had a positive effect on the rest, for not only is this true, but it shows that the South is a decent part of the country.

Back to Lincoln. He did what he had to do. The changes in warfare that occured while not just, were natural given the superiority of Southern military know-how versus Northern might in armarments and men. In war things escalate and get out of hand. I'm sure the commandant of Andersonville didn't want to mistreat his prisoners but ugly things happened on both sides.

Had I been alive then I would have first plead to not dissolve the Union, but, like Robert E. Lee, once Alabama had seceded I would have fought for my native land. And had I lived through that terrible conflict, I would have supported Lincoln's version of reconciliation.

Lincoln's assassination set the South back 100 years. It was a devastation for us.

15 posted on 03/21/2008 6:20:05 AM PDT by Alas Babylon!
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To: Alas Babylon!

Some great and ironic points in your post. Thanks. However, I’m not sure Lincoln could have rescued Reconstruction as it extended for many more years than Lincoln’s power had he lived beyond assassination.


16 posted on 03/21/2008 6:29:47 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: bs9021

Another good book on this subject is
The Last Generation: Young Virginians in Peace, War, and Reunion By Peter S. Carmichael

http://books.google.com/books?id=g2NwaOY-ptQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=last+generation&ei=RbjjR_OOCYeqtgOJ1LXcBA&sig=js9Z9wcG17yJGGesv9zDgs3wnuE


17 posted on 03/21/2008 6:29:48 AM PDT by kalee (The offenses we give, we write in the dust; Those we take, we write in marble. JHuett)
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To: rhombus
I am at work and cannot go in depth but for one thing the War was not fought over slavery.

LLS

18 posted on 03/21/2008 6:31:05 AM PDT by LibLieSlayer (Could I ever vote for mcstain? osamabama hussein may convince me yet!)
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To: NavyCanDo
A lot of people are moving South because Right to Work laws have resulted in a lot of new factories opening in the South, and the development of the Tennessee Valley Authority in the 1930's with its numerous hydroelectric dams gave the South a cheap source of electric power for industrial growth. In fact, if it weren't for a one-time favorable tax situation in Ohio, Honda would probably have set up its production in Kentucky and/or Tennessee initially.

In fact, the only really bad thing about the South are the just a tad too-rabid college football fans of SEC teams.

19 posted on 03/21/2008 6:35:47 AM PDT by RayChuang88
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To: LibLieSlayer
I am at work and cannot go in depth but for one thing the War was not fought over slavery.

Oh geeze, I was afraid you were going to go down that tired and dusty old road...give it up. Of course there were many many factors that led to the War. Of course northerners and southerners can both be accused of making stupid moves. However, it was the slavery issue that brought the states rights versus individual civil rights issue to the forefront in the minds of the people of the day. To say slavery was the only reason the war was fought is idiotic. To insiste that slavery was no factor at all is equally as idiotic.

20 posted on 03/21/2008 6:36:38 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: kalee
One of my favorite George Washington quotes - talking about my ancestors.....

“If all else fails, I will retreat up the valley of Virginia, plant my flag on the Blue Ridge, rally around the Scotch-Irish of that region, and make my last stand for liberty amongst a people who will never submit to British tyranny whilst there is a man left to draw a trigger.”

George Washington, at Valley Forge.

21 posted on 03/21/2008 6:48:29 AM PDT by NavyCanDo
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To: RayChuang88

Whatchutalkinbout?

Go Vols!


22 posted on 03/21/2008 6:49:41 AM PDT by Mustng959
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To: RayChuang88
In fact, the only really bad thing about the South are the just a tad too-rabid college football fans of SEC teams.

You better watch that bad mouthin' about the SEC unless, of course, you're talkin' about Auburn. Then go right ahead.

23 posted on 03/21/2008 6:56:11 AM PDT by numberonepal (Don't Even Think About Treading On Me)
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To: bs9021; Abundy; Albion Wilde; AlwaysFree; AnnaSASsyFR; bayliving; BFM; cindy-true-supporter; ...
“Truth versus error doesn’t make a lot of difference in academic circles now,” Herman Belz, a professor of history at the University of Maryland, said later in the same forum.

Maryland "Freak State" PING!

24 posted on 03/21/2008 7:03:18 AM PDT by Tolerance Sucks Rocks (Cloverfield 2008! Why vote for a lesser monster?)
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To: rhombus
[ s it really north eastern states or is it urban living? ]

Could be urban living.. but there can be a large difference between north and southern urbanity.. Maybe the size and mix of the suburbs..

25 posted on 03/21/2008 7:11:08 AM PDT by hosepipe (CAUTION: This propaganda is laced with hyperbole....)
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To: bs9021

South vs. North should not even be a scenario anymore. We are one America period. It amazes me that even on FR we tend to separate ourselves from North vs. South as if either was perfect. I have lived in both North and South and I really don’t see as much difference as some. I think both have their positive and negative. The Northeast has some great historical sites and is beautiful. The South has some great places to visit and has great weather. What is not to like in either instance.


26 posted on 03/21/2008 7:22:14 AM PDT by napscoordinator
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To: hosepipe
Could be urban living.. but there can be a large difference between north and southern urbanity.. Maybe the size and mix of the suburbs..

Ah yes, Atlanta has become such a pillar of Southern ideals... snicker. I really do think a lot of the differences even going back as far as the War between the States can be traced to City Mouse versus Country Mouse and which type of mouse controls the State legislature.

27 posted on 03/21/2008 7:24:47 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: napscoordinator

Here, here... well said. I too have lived in both Northern and Southern states and have similar observations as yours.


28 posted on 03/21/2008 7:26:07 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: rhombus

Yes, but you’re not factoring those radical Republicans who saw Reconstruction as a way to PUNISH the South for Lincoln’s murder. So that wouldn’t have been an issue at all.

Also, Lincoln could’ve controlled those radicals much better than Andrew Johnson!

Reconstruction was over by 1874. That’s only 9 years after Richmond fell.


29 posted on 03/21/2008 7:26:52 AM PDT by Alas Babylon!
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To: numberonepal

Meh!

War Eagle!!!!


30 posted on 03/21/2008 7:29:17 AM PDT by Alas Babylon!
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To: Alas Babylon!
By the 1870s Reconstruction had made some progress to provide the former slaves with equal rights under the law, including the right to vote for men, and public education to achieve literacy. During Reconstruction, most states in the South established public education, although funding was variable. However, much of the initial progress towards equal rights was rolled back between 1873 and 1877, when conservative whites (calling themselves "Redeemers") took power throughout the former Confederacy. In 1877 President Rutherford Hayes withdrew federal troops, causing the collapse of the remaining three Republican state governments. Through the enactment of Jim Crow laws and extralegal means, the Redeemers subsequently enforced a system of racial segregation which stayed in place throughout the South into the 1960s.

... or so says somebody from Wikopedia.

31 posted on 03/21/2008 7:31:26 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: numberonepal

I do know that you couldn’t get a more passionate fan base than that of SEC football teams. What else do you expect at places like LSU, Auburn, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Arkansas, Tennessee and only slightly less at Vanderbilt, Ole Miss, Mississippi State and Kentucky?


32 posted on 03/21/2008 7:34:04 AM PDT by RayChuang88
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To: Alas Babylon!
The changes in warfare that occured while not just, were natural given the superiority of Southern military know-how versus Northern might in armarments and men.

I disagree with your assessment as follows:

The War of 1861 was a transitional war in terms of tactics. In the beginning (1861-1863) it was fought with the tactics of the Napoleonic era. Those who were best trained in Napoleonic tactics (particularly the southern officers) had the advantage.

However, in the later years (1864-1865) the tactics became more like World War I where trench warfare became the option. The industrial might of the north prevailed as did the northern generals who were more able to adapt to that style of "total war".

33 posted on 03/21/2008 7:44:13 AM PDT by reg45
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To: rhombus
[ en going back as far as the War between the States ]

The war of northern agression.. was carried on almost wholly by people that never owned a slave.. on both sides..

34 posted on 03/21/2008 7:44:27 AM PDT by hosepipe (CAUTION: This propaganda is laced with hyperbole....)
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To: sergeantdave
Rural Michigan, with its boarded up businesses and for sale signs popping up like weeds, looks like a movie set for a depression era film by comparison.

Thanks to tax queen Jenny.

35 posted on 03/21/2008 7:46:36 AM PDT by reg45
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To: hosepipe
The war of northern agression.. was carried on almost wholly by people that never owned a slave.. on both sides..

Big deal, so what. Get over your anti-northern bigotry. There was aggression on both sides.

36 posted on 03/21/2008 7:47:21 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: reg45

No need to disagree!

What you said was what I was actually trying to say. You said it SO much better, thanks!


37 posted on 03/21/2008 7:53:05 AM PDT by Alas Babylon!
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To: rhombus
[ Get over your anti-northern bigotry. ]

" Always with the negative waves Moriarty, always with the negative waves" - Oddball(Kellys Heros)

38 posted on 03/21/2008 8:01:26 AM PDT by hosepipe (CAUTION: This propaganda is laced with hyperbole....)
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To: bs9021; Brucifer

Interesting read. Thanks for posting.


39 posted on 03/21/2008 8:06:45 AM PDT by Liberty Valance (Keep a simple manner for a happy life)
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To: rhombus
Rhombus, there was so much more going on in that era than Wikipedia can ever cover (because then it gets into debates that never resolve the truth...)

Lincoln's assassination was an event that spurred on a harsher treatment of the South. The last Confederate state to rejoin the Union was Texas in 1870. While black Republicans continued to control some of these state legislatures beyond that date, it was just a matter of time before the majority of voters took back control.

I will not stand with the Redeemers and Klu Klux Klan's racial politics, but much of their strength lay in the perceived treatment Reconstruction imposed on white Southerners. Reconstruction fizzled out (and even though Hayes kept troops in certain Southern cities until 1877 it was pretty much over by 1874--read about the Memphis race riots of 1866 to see how even then Union generals were reluctant to help out Southern blacks) rather than come to an abrupt end. The Jim Crow era then took hold as a REACTION to Reconstruction rather than in spite of it.

Lincoln's policy of reconciliation might have had a very different affect indeed. Like I said, his death set the South back 100 years, and that was the point of my post.

40 posted on 03/21/2008 8:08:12 AM PDT by Alas Babylon!
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To: hosepipe
The war of northern agression...

" Always with the negative waves Moriarty, always with the negative waves" - Oddball(Kellys Heros)

41 posted on 03/21/2008 8:09:12 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: RayChuang88
SEC fans are legacy fans for the most part. Most of the rabid fans never went to the schools or even set foot on the campuses. This is an enigma to a lot of folks not from the South. The reason for the rabidness is that for a very long time folks in the South (being mostly rural) had only the radio to connected them to their fellow statesmen.

The one thing that could bring folks together in Alabama, for example, was the tradition of Alabama Football. It was something everyone could identify with regardless of education, religion, or creed. It was and still is about pride. Roll Tide.

42 posted on 03/21/2008 8:15:31 AM PDT by numberonepal (Don't Even Think About Treading On Me)
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To: Alas Babylon!
I will not stand with the Redeemers and Klu Klux Klan's racial politics, but much of their strength lay in the perceived treatment Reconstruction imposed on white Southerners. Reconstruction fizzled out (and even though Hayes kept troops in certain Southern cities until 1877 it was pretty much over by 1874--read about the Memphis race riots of 1866 to see how even then Union generals were reluctant to help out Southern blacks) rather than come to an abrupt end. The Jim Crow era then took hold as a REACTION to Reconstruction rather than in spite of it.

I don't disagree with any of this except for the victimology that seems inherent in these arguments... boo hoo, they made us do it. Of course Jim Crow laws would never have been necessary had slavery never existed. So one could also make the argument that the Jim Crow era was caused by the slavery era... but what would be the point?

43 posted on 03/21/2008 8:20:28 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: Alas Babylon!
I WILL root for Auburn under a few circumstances.
1. Auburn vs USC or Auburn vs UCLA.
2. Any Yankee team except for Notre Dame.
3. Auburn is playing for the National Title (as long as it's not Bama. But, then I root for any SEC team in this scenario.)
44 posted on 03/21/2008 8:22:40 AM PDT by numberonepal (Don't Even Think About Treading On Me)
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To: rhombus
Um... the Klan was less than helpful too as were the calls to cut and run in Washington.

I, for one, do not believe there would have been a Klan (at least not in its violent, malevolent form) had Lincoln lived. It, after all, was primarily a reaction to radical republican policies that saw people of the South punished willy-nilly for secession...R.B. Hayes's administration tried unsuccessfully to restore the Lincolnesque philosophy of "malice towards none and charity to all" but after the Johnson and Grant regimes it was too late. Racism had an ugly tight grip on the reins of power and the Southern elite (former planters) aristocratic political leadership (the Lees, Davises, et al) which would have been instrumental in getting the redneck yoeman in line to accept full rights for black people would have kissed their political chances goodbye trying to enact Civil Rights by then.

45 posted on 03/21/2008 8:37:36 AM PDT by meandog (Please pray for future President McCain--day minus 306 and counting! Stay home and get Baraked!)
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To: meandog
I, for one, do not believe there would have been a Klan (at least not in its violent, malevolent form) had Lincoln lived.

I don't buy it about the Klan but it's unprovable either way. Like al-Qaeda there were probably many racist organizations that were loosely affiliated with the Klan proper (the organization started by Confederate troops in 1866) so to assign Klan cause and effect is purely speculation motivated by what? I'll leave that speculation to you too.

46 posted on 03/21/2008 8:46:31 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: rhombus

” Why don’t you dig how beautiful it is out here? Why don’t you say something righteous and hopeful for a change? “ - Oddball


47 posted on 03/21/2008 10:12:15 AM PDT by hosepipe (CAUTION: This propaganda is laced with hyperbole....)
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To: rhombus
I don't buy it about the Klan but it's unprovable either way. Like al-Qaeda there were probably many racist organizations that were loosely affiliated with the Klan proper (the organization started by Confederate troops in 1866) so to assign Klan cause and effect is purely speculation motivated by what?

Actually, the klan was begun as a Tennessee college fraternal organization. Former Army of Tennessee cavalry chief N. Bedford Forrest saw its political potential when witnessing pranks the organization would play (blacks, kept in ignorance by the plantation system, were frightened by hooded and sheeted pranksters claiming to be ghosts). Forrest quickly incorporated it into a way of suppressing freedmen votes at polling places and became its first grand wizard. But, though Forrest is rightly credited with the KKK beginnings as a tyrannical organization, he is hardly ever recognized as a person who tried furiously to disband it after it became a violent instrument of terror with a trail of lynchings and mayhem.

48 posted on 03/21/2008 10:34:48 AM PDT by meandog (Please pray for future President McCain--day minus 306 and counting! Stay home and get Baraked!)
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To: meandog

So poor old Nathan gets a bum rap. He was just practicing voter intimidation when the intimidation just got too intimidating for his delicate tastes. I can only imagine how bad that might have been for a person who’d just spent years on a series of bloody battlefields. Do I have to post a sarcasm tag?


49 posted on 03/21/2008 11:03:28 AM PDT by rhombus
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To: rhombus
So poor old Nathan gets a bum rap. He was just practicing voter intimidation when the intimidation just got too intimidating for his delicate tastes. I can only imagine how bad that might have been for a person who’d just spent years on a series of bloody battlefields. Do I have to post a sarcasm tag?

I am in no way trying to defend what I consider to be a record of intimidation, coersion and harsh racism but I would invite you to google him and look at the full measure of the man with respect to the times that he lived.

50 posted on 03/21/2008 11:09:04 AM PDT by meandog (Please pray for future President McCain--day minus 306 and counting! Stay home and get Baraked!)
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