Lincoln's father might have been Bostic man Richard Martin, residents say.
Posted on 04/21/2008 9:32:59 AM PDT by Between the Lines
BOSTIC - For a man with "Honest Abe" as his nickname, there are plenty of Abraham Lincoln stories that may be anything but.
Lincoln did not compose the Gettysburg Address on the back of an envelope. No one really knows whether the store clerk Lincoln walked six miles to return 3 cents he overcharged. And his wife wasn't a Confederate spy.
Now this small town in Western North Carolina is pressing its own claim: Lincoln was a Tar Heel.
According to a tale that locals swear is true: The 16th president of the United States wasn't born in Kentucky, as commonly thought, but in Bostic to a young, unwed mother.
This month, Bostic officially opened its Lincoln Center, an old, city-owned train depot refurbished with $20,000 raised through contributions.
Inside the center, the fresh white walls feature a photo quilt that tells the North Carolina birth story. There are panels that show the Concord Baptist Church, where Lincoln's mother is said to have been a member, as well as a community meeting in the 1920s that took place on Lincoln Hill. The picture shows a few dozen people standing near a pile of rocks, the remains of the cabin where Lincoln is said to have been born.
"We're trying to put together the only way these people had of preserving these truths -- to tell them," said Keith Price, president of the Bostic Lincoln Center.
Despite the Bostic tale solidifying into bricks and mortar, Lincoln scholars say it has no substance.
"This is a lot of hokum," said Allen Guelzo, director of the Civil War era studies program at Gettysburg College.
Organizers of the Lincoln Center acknowledge that the pieces of the birth story don't fit neatly together. One problem is that various versions name three different fathers.
The center's storyboards cite a long-legged businessman named Abraham Enloe as one of the possible fathers. They also speculate about John C. Calhoun, the powerful South Carolina politician who served as vice president. And there's a local man named Richard Martin.
To untangle the paternal confusion, the folks behind the center are taking up a petition to press the federal government for a DNA test.
It could prove the Bostic story. Well, one of them, at least.
'The truthful traditions'
Price refers to the Bostic story as "the truthful traditions in this area," and dismisses the history-book version as "some supposed beginning in Kentucky."
A retired contractor with a friendly, conversational nature, Price sums up the community's story like this:
Lincoln's mother, Nancy Hanks, was born in Virginia and moved to her uncle's home in Gaston County before being "bound out for raising" at age 8 or 10. She was sent to the Enloe family of Rutherford County because her mother could not care for her.
Hanks became pregnant as a teenager. The father could have been Abraham Enloe, the head of the household in which she was reared, Martin or Calhoun (based on the story that Enloe took Nancy to visit South Carolina relatives).
She gave birth in the cabin outside Bostic around 1804. She later moved to Kentucky and married Tom Lincoln, the man Abraham assumed was his father.
The illegitimate birth, coupled with Lincoln's Republican politics, gave his family, and the Democrats in the area, reasons to cover up the story, Price said.
Bostic's Lincoln supporters draw much of their energy from a couple of old books. One of them, "The Genesis of Lincoln," was originally published in 1899. Author James Cathey made his case by collecting stories from people who remembered Nancy and her baby. In addition, there are people living today who remember Nancy Hanks' name on the church rolls of Concord Baptist Church. The records burned in a fire.
Lydia Clontz, vice president of the Bostic Lincoln Center, acknowledges the storytelling tradition in her part of the state and the tendency toward tale-telling.
She said a story passed from generation to generation "might be embellished a little bit. It might be changed a little bit. But there's always a grain of truth running through the whole thing."
As for the Lincoln tale, she said, "Now we might not be able to say that we've got this proof or that proof, because these people are all dead now."
The history books
The textbook version of Lincoln's origins goes like this:
Hanks was born in Virginia. She later moved to Kentucky, married Tom Lincoln and gave birth to Abraham in 1809.
Historians base the family's Kentucky timeline on court, tax and marriage records, said Sandy Brue, chief of operations for the Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site in LaRue County.
Lincoln himself on multiple occasions acknowledged his Kentucky roots, said Guelzo, the Gettysburg professor. His 1809 birth date is found in a family Bible as well.
Price doesn't think the records are accurate. He says Lincoln recorded his own birth date in the Bible.
Frank J. Williams is a Lincoln scholar and chief justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court. He has amassed more than 12,000 books on Lincoln and the Civil War. An avid collector of what is called "Lincolniana," Williams owns a signed copy of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, various legal pleadings in Lincoln's name and even a bust of Lincoln molded from chewing gum. ("Can anything be more ridiculous than that?" he asked.)
Williams becomes incredulous at the suggestion that Lincoln was born in Rutherford County.
"I am a lawyer and a judge and a historian. I've spent my whole life trying to seek the truth, or discern the truth," he said. "There's just no probative evidence of the Enloe-Lincoln connection. None! None!"
Guelzo takes it a bit further.
"Give them the phone number and the Web site of the various Lee Harvey Oswald organizations in Dallas who stand around on the grassy knoll handing out little pamphlets, indicting the mafia and the CIA. Have them call Oliver Stone. He ought to be good for this."
A DNA quest
Guelzo thinks the Lincoln paternity debates arise from the same feelings that for some have put William Shakespeare's paternity in doubt: the idea that someone so great could spring from such humble beginnings.
Put Price in that camp. He uses the word "shiftless" to describe Tom Lincoln.
"I don't want to demean somebody I've never met, but every description we've had of him, he's a little fireplug Irishman," he said. "He was a second-class muleskinner."
Price thinks Calhoun fathered Lincoln, and he wants a DNA test to prove it. The federal government owns Lincoln bone fragments.
"We don't need it for proof. But the world does," Price said. "We're trying to get at the truth, and that's what any good historian would do."
Guelzo doesn't think a DNA test is necessary.
"For the purpose of what? What great issue is at stake here? And what great evidence have people been able to produce to mandate such a drastic test? If that's the case, I should be demanding a DNA test to show whether I'm related to Abraham Lincoln."
For his part, Price is more concerned about having the test done, not proving his own theory on Calhoun's paternity.
"If it turns out he was fathered by a Chinese sailor out of Charleston or something, so be it. We know where he was born."
If they can prove it to the world, the community might profit.
"It doesn't take any Ouija board or crystal ball" to know that tourist dollars will come, said Price, who emphasizes that history, not economics, drives his quest.
On Lincoln Hill
Today, there are a lot fewer stones on Lincoln Hill. The rocks are what's left of the home's chimney and cellar, said Price, who likes to say that quite a few stone doorstops in Rutherford County came from Lincoln Hill.
After the Lincoln Center's grand opening, Price ferried visitors up the hill in a van borrowed from his church.
The hill is on the banks of picturesque Puzzle Creek, up a short dirt road and then a path marked with orange ribbons tied around the trees.
On the hill, near the rock pile and a big hole that Price said once served as the cellar, he told his version of the story. The dozen or so people along for the ride listened closely.
An older woman in the group asked Price about a man who looked like Lincoln and used to walk in nearby Forest City. She wondered whether he might be related.
Price said he doesn't know of him.
It doesn't matter anyway, she said. He died.
Unlike this story, which probably never will.
Lincoln's father might have been Bostic man Richard Martin, residents say.
Somewhere on the internet, there is a picture of Abraham Enloe, either him or one of his sons. The resemblence to Lincoln is startling. Usually I think these stories are ridiculous, but the Enloe picture is very interesting.
First some tried to say Lincoln was gay, now others say he’s a bastard.
It is well documented where Abe was born and the other idiotic statements are untrue. Believe it or not but even in those days people WROTE articles and not just in newspapers. This just another 15 minute fame job trying to stir up controversy. Totally shameful.
Lincoln was most certainly a bastard..traitor to the US Constitution.
Actually it is a picture of Wesley Enloe when he was 81. If this story were true Wesley would be Abraham's half brother.
Exactly!
I like the part about the “three fathers” ... yeah, it’s a tad murky.
“The illegitimate birth, coupled with Lincoln’s Republican politics, gave his family, and the Democrats in the area, reasons to cover up the story, Price said.”
LOL! Even in those days people would USE that. Demoncrats in particular have ALWAYS been childish and LOW. No one was “protecting” Lincoln because none of this crap is true. Watch, idiots will believe it.
LOL!
.....this “news” gets recycled every so often....I first heard it in 1977 on NPR...yes, I hate to admit it; but I’m a recovering NPR listener.
This entire story has been around for over 100 years. Back in the 1960s....a number of civil war professors got into comparing notes....and most would quietly agree that Abe’s basic story of the early years....is totally false. But why bring it up? It ruins the myth....does nothing to damage or improve his years in the White House...and becomes part of a soap opera situation if folks started talking about it.
Our entire perception of living in Americana in the early 1800s...is mostly wrong. When you toss in the strange behavior and cult-like actions of the Puritans...the acceptance of non-marriage relationships in the “west”, and then the widespread usage of alcohol throughout America....its not the image that we have today.
You can see Abraham Enloe’s son, alongside Lincoln, here:
http://www.carolinacountry.com/storypages/ourstories/abe/abe.html
“James Cathey’s book includes these photographs on facing pages. Lincoln’s alleged half-brother, Wesley Enloe, was 81 in the photo on the left. His figure bears a striking resemblance to Lincoln, shown when he was President. The photos are from the fourth edition of James Cathey’s book, “The Genesis of Lincoln,” published in 1939 by B.H. Cathey, Canton, N.C. They are reproduced here courtesy of William Enloe, of Edneyville. “
Let me see if I’ve got this story straight. Nancy Hanks gave birth to Abe in 1804, then married Thomas Lincoln in 1806, gave birth to a daughter (Sarah) in 1808, and THEN passed her illegitimate five year old as Sarah’s baby brother in 1809. Yeah, that makes sense.
I found a site that has that photo. Check it out.
(sorry about the gobbledygook address.......forgot how to post a link.)
Methinks this story was hatched over too much ‘shine. It is rural NC after all. (I am from NC so I can get away with that)
Yes, that’s the one. It’s not so much his face, but his body that so like AL. And the shape of his face, too.
Cult-like actions of the Puritans? No bias there!
Plenty of freeperes will be happy to jump on the “Lincoln is a bastard” bandwagon....
Lincoln’s father was mildly retarded. Lincoln himself speculated that he was really the son of some southern gentleman. Saying such things was considered very bad form at the time since that effectively makes his mother a whore. After Lincoln left home he never had anything further to do with his family.
I certainly hope your parentage is more circumspect that your Constitutional scholarship - otherwise we have some serious projection going on here.
“Lincoln was most certainly a bastard..traitor to the US Constitution.”
Yeah. There’s that little thing about slavery though, you know, treating an entire race of people as sub-human chattle?
Confederate States’ cessation speeches all referred to it too by the way. The “constitutional right” to own “property”.
Great. I can see them coming out of the woodwork now to a former-Southerner who led the beat-down of the South.
Pretty soon we’ll find out he was directly related to Lee, Jackson, Davis, Beauregard, Longstreet, Stuart, Pickett, hood and Bragg.
seems to me much-ado about not much
Few areas of the Confederacy were more reluctant to secede than this almost slaveless region.
More like a rural legend.
Does anyone have a picture of Tom Lincoln?
Link, please.
Again, link please.
After Lincoln left home he never had anything further to do with his family.
Demonstrably false. In fact, before he left Springfield to be sworn in, he held up his travel by a couple of days to pay a visit to his stepmother, whom he called his "angel mother."
He visited her often and loved her dearly.
My Mom is from this area and I heard this story all my life. We even went to the cabin site when I was a kid.
How are you Bubba Ho-Tep?
ping
It is an Urban legend, I know for a fact he is a Duke supporter and hates the Tar Heels.
"Property is the fruit of labor...property is desirable...is a positive good in the world. That some should be rich shows that others may become rich, and hence is just encouragement to industry and enterprise. Let not him who is houseless pull down the house of another; but let him labor diligently and build one for himself, thus by example assuring that his own shall be safe from violence when built."
-- March 21, 1864 - Reply to New York Workingmen's Democratic Republican Association".
We claim Andrew Jackson as a native son, despite the preponderance of evidence that he was born in South Carolina (or, as we refer to that state, Baja Carolina).
The Lincoln thing surfaces periodically, but the evidence just isn't there.
We claim to be the birthplace of aviation based on Wilbur and Orville Wright's 1903 flight at Kitty Hawk, so there is at least some truth there -- but the brothers were from Dayton, Ohio, and built their gliders and later their powered aircraft there.
But my favorite is the date proudly emblazoned on our state flag: May 20, 1775. What's that, you ask? Why, it's the date of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, when that backwoods NC county (the locale of Charlotte, which later grew to significant size) declared themselves free and independent of England. Or not. There's not a scintilla of evidence that such an event took place.
Maybe we're just insecure. I dunno. 
The book by B.H. Cathey, Cathey Family History and Genealogy published in 1993 is a valuable resource for anyone researching genealogy from individuals from Rowan County, NC (ie Elizabeth Dole).
Andrew Jackson learned law early in his life in Salisbury,N.C., and worked in the Henderson Law firm there.
He doesn’t look a thing like Lincoln.
It’s his body shape. It think it’s remarkably like Lincoln’s.
That was his stepmother. His father he never saw again and did not attend his funeral.
I have the book and read it thoroughly. I do believe Enloe was Abraham Lincoln’s father.
Stepmothers aren't family?
Lincoln's brother died when he was three.
His mother died when he was nine.
His sister died when he was 19.
The only family he really had after he left home was his father and his stepmother. He was not close with his father, but he did see him again. And he kept in touch with his stepmother and visited her often when she was widowed and lonely.
His father he never saw again
He visited his father in 1849.
But he didn't tell people that his father wasn't his real father. And his father was not retarded.
His father was not an educated man, but he was a successful farmer and a trustee of his Baptist congregation.
And you're an unbiased judge, given your screenname.
Again, how is it that Nancy Hanks married Thomas Lincoln in 1806, gave birth to a daughter in 1807 and then claimed to have given birth to an already 5 year old son in 1809?
Let's see what we have going for the Ensloe theory.
(1) Ensloe's name was Abraham. However, Thomas Lincoln's father was named Abraham.
(2) Local legends say that Nancy Hanks lived with the Ensloe family in Rutherford County, NC.
There are no surviving records of any kind to link Nancy Hanks with this locale. At all.
In fact the same family reminscences that say Nancy lived with her relatives the Berrys in Charlotte County, VA and moved with them to KY during these years also contains the accurate information - corrobated by church records - about where she was baptized.
And that's all the evidence there is.
BTW - the whole call for DNA testing of Lincoln's remains is bogus.
The chance of recovering a usable DNA sample from Lincoln himself is approximately zero.
His last surviving son died 82 years ago and had no sons of his own, eliminating his Y-chromosome from the gene pool. And Thomas Lincoln's as well - after all, Lincoln's only brother died in infancy.
Chances of Robert Todd Lincoln's DNA surviving intact are also unlikely.
Do we even know if there are Ensloe direct-line males to test against?
Essentially, this is substanceless propaganda meant to cast aspersions on Lincoln's ancestry.
Jacob's father was Josiah, brother of President Lincoln's father, Thomas.
That same GGG Grandfather owned the land where Abe Lincoln's mother, and his sister Sarah were buried. That same family also owned Green River Island at Evansville. They were surrounded by a plethora of Scanderhoovians from York Pennsylvania (Sa'ami central) ~
Then there's Dwight David Eisenhower ~ when he was a student at West Point he looked remarkably like my father who later flew as flying crewchief for General LeMay ~ who hated Ike. Guess he liked to order around someone who looked like Ike.
So, what to make of this ~ well, there was a 5 times Great Grandfather who used to work moving folks West at the very time the Eisenhower family waas moving West. But, more importantly, there are nearly as many "Hanks" surnamed folks from Scandinavia as there are from the United Kingdom, and a gazillion of them from the North German plain (much of which was controlled by the King of Sweden or the King of Denmark for centuries) who spell the name "Hengst".
I think it is highly presumptuous of the Virginians and North Carolinians to claim that Nancy Hanks ever really lived in an English speaking community. In fact, Abe himself says he had great difficulty communicating with her.
I'm taking the Scanderhoovian option ~ which Carl Sandburg was too modest to do ~ although he undoubtedly knew the truth!
David Herbert Donald relates that Lincoln visited his father when he was ill in 1849, two years before his death.
And how does Lincoln's older sister factor into the mix? Who's her daddy, so to speak?
Now, something folks usually ignore ~ Abe Lincoln's parents had been members of what is usually called "the Primitive Baptist Church". In the old days it was pretty much the same thing as the Christian church (Disciples of Christ) and not like the Christian church (Independent) that grew up out of the Stone movement although some writers try to link it to Stone as well.
Basically most of these congregations were Baptists who met on Saturday but adhered to the order of worship for the Presbyterians as modified by Alexander Campbell and his ministers.
Lots of their graveyards have no headstones. There are no lists or maps telling you where people are. You have one of these guys in your lineage you are out of luck using normal research methods. Abe most likely knew there'd be no gravesite he could visit. No doubt the gravesite has been marked in later years by someone interested in doing that sort of thing.
Unmarked graves were a common American practice by the "cutting edge" folks back in the firt half of the 19th century. This practice lingered in places. Some of my cousins who live up in Alaska get upset when they come down to do pilgrimmages to the ancestors' graves in Brown County and discover there are no headstones. Last I heard they're raising a fund to mark those graves.
Whatever you read about what Abe Lincoln might have thought about his father must be taken with an enormous grain of salt. He didn't tell anyone, and most the stuff in the standard histories is sheer supposition by alleged historians.
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