Fructose risk factor for metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension

FOODCONSUMER ^ | 06/25/2013 | David Liu, PHD

[neverdem]

Tuesday June 25, 2013 (foodconsumer.org) -- A new report published in Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism suggests that eating foods or drinking beverages with fructose may increase risk of endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance/diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension.

Z. Khitan and D. H. Kim, the authors of the report, from Marshall University Joan Edwards School of Medicine in Huntington, WV, USA say that uric acid resulting from uncontrolled fructose metabolism is the risk factor for metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus.

What happens, according to the report, after fructose is ingested is that the sugar in the liver bypasses two highly regulated steps in glycolysis by glucokinase and phosphofructokinase, both subject to regulation by the concentration of their metabolic byproducts.  Fructose, on the other hand, is metabolized by fructokinase (KHK), which has no negative feedback system leading to intracellular phosphate depletion and the rapid generation of uric acid when AMP deaminase is activated.

Uric acid, which is commonly known to be associated with gout, is also known to be linked to endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance (diabetes mellitus) and hypertension.

Other studies have shown that eating fructose can cause damage to the liver leading to hepatic steatosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases.

One study led by Kylie Kavanagh and colleagues at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center confirms in animal models that eating foods with fructose causes damage to the liver even if there is no weight gain resulting from such a dietary practice.

Early studies have shown fructose and intake of high calories may play a role in the development of obesity and fatty liver diseases, but not all studies are consistent.

The Kavanagh et al. found over the six-week period, a high fructose diet more than doubled liver damage as compared to those on a control diet.

The study is released in the June 19 online edition of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

In a previous trial, Kavanagh's team allowed monkeys to eat as much as they wanted of a low-fat diet high in added fructose for seven years, as compared to controls fed a low-fructose, low-fat diet for the same period.  Those on a high fructose low fat diet gained 50% more weight and were three times more likely to develop diabetes mellitus, hepatic steatosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than those on the low fructose, low fat diet.

Fructose is high in sucrose and high fructose corn syrup (now called corn sugar), which are commonly used in foods and beverages.  Fructose is also found in many fruits, but fruits are generally considered healthier than added fructose.

Because sugars are generally associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, artificial sweeteners are used, particularly in diet beverages.  But even diet soda increases the risk for diabetes mellitus.

Some sugars including glucose and maltose may be healthier. But they are not as sweet as fructose.  It should be noted that starch such as rice starch and wheat starch, which is made of glucose, is safe to eat. 

Many other things such as trans-fat and red meat can also increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus while curcumin cna help prevent the disease. (reporting by David Liu, PHD)

[neverdem]

Fructose: A Key Factor in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Hypertension

Dietary fructose induces endotoxemia and hepatic injury in calorically controlled primates

[neverdem]

FReepmail me if you want on or off the diabetes ping list.

[FBD]

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[pbmaltzman]

Back when Durk Pearson and Sandy Shaw were big names in the life extension movement, they published a book or 2 on the subject. I seem to recall them recommending that people use powdered fructose in place of regular table sugar.

This is one of the few times when they seem to have come down on the (as it turns out) wrong side of an issue.

[gattaca]

I remember watching them YEARS ago. I always wondered what happened to them.

[DakotaGator]

I have long suspected that the massive shift from cane sugar to corn syrup as our primary food sweetener has been the primary cause of the stunning increase in the nation’s obesity. I have also been very suspicious of corn syrup’s link to diabetes.

If either or both of these prove true, then it is also true that they are politically induced health disasters as corn syrup was substituted for cane sugar because of high prices caused by cane sugar tariffs.

Ain’t crony government wonderful?!

[Mr Ramsbotham]

Fructose is also found in many fruits, but fruits are generally considered healthier than added fructose.

That's because fruits are politically correct ... in more ways than one.

[D Rider]

HFCS. High fructose corn syrup. One of the main reasons of American obesity.

[j. earl carter]

Back when Durk Pearson and Sandy Shaw were big names in the life extension movement,...

I'm assuming the reasoning is that table sugar is composed of molecules of fructose mated to molecules of glucose. Fructose tastes much sweeter than glucose. So, by using fructose only and leaving out the glucose, you can achieve the same amount of sweetening with a smaller amount of added sugar.

[PeterPrinciple]

I have long suspected that the massive shift from cane sugar to corn syrup as our primary food sweetener has been the primary cause of the stunning increase in the nation’s obesity.

---

Lets define the problem just a little differently. It Is not the type of sugar but the increase in use of ALL sugars. When I grew up it was a big deal to get a candy bar. Kool aid the sugary drink was being advertised. Sugar was something we bought in town, not produced on the farm so we used it sparingly.

[rfp1234]

Iowa’s fault!

[snarkytart]

And because they have other nutrients like vitamins and fiber. Your post did make me smile, though.

[count-your-change]

And another “renowned doctor” says wheat, corn, dairy products, and sugar of all kinds is the problem and certainly meat, possibly fish too.

But we already know baked goods, cell phones, high tension power lines, carbon dioxide, lead and chrome in our water, radon in our basements and artificial sweeteners in our soda are killing us.

Since this is just the start it's no wonder the median age in the U.S. has dropped to about 15. Well hasn't it?

There's still fuels, fracking, fertilizer and fries. I can barely drag myself to a breakfast Quarter Pounder.

[conservative98]

Thank Japan. HFCS was invented by Japan in the late 1960s, and came to the U.S. in the early 1970s.

http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/QAA400442/High-Fructose-Corn-Syrup-Too-Sweet-to-Eat.html

If I find anything with high fructose corn syrup in it, it goes right back on the shelf. I also watch out for artificial colors.

[skinkinthegrass]

bm

[RaceBannon]

This is why I am on the ISAGENIX program
NO artificial sweetners, no high fructose corn syrup, no steroids in the protein, no anti-biotics, no pesticide , all natural processing

http://www.jimbancroft.isagenix.com

40 pounds since January, 41 inches, too

[RaceBannon]

sugars and steroids and toxins in the food
also lack of nutrients in the soil, we eat more because our bodies demand nutrients, not calories, and we eat as many calories as we can to get the nutrients we need

http://www.jimbancroft.isagenix.com

[KeyWest]

Many studies have arrived at the same conclusion, that HFCS is bad for you.

Sucrose, which is cane or beet sugar, is fructose and glucose chemically bonded together. The body takes it and breaks the bond, processes the glucose and fructose up to a point then shuts down the cleaving and no more fructose or glucose enters your system.

HFCS, as noted in the study, bypasses the bodies control mechanism and you get all the problems noted. So with less total input of “sugar” (which is what HFCS is called by the corn industry and many others) you get a magnified impact on your health.

[sphinx]

Since this is just the start it's no wonder the median age in the U.S. has dropped to about 15. Well hasn't it?

But looking on the bright side, by eliminating just a few of the risk factors identified by the advocacy groups, we could clearly prevent at least 2,500% of the mortality in the United States today.

[Neoliberalnot]

Sucrose is likewise a risk factor. In general, grain is a risk factor and most people eat too much of it.