The warheads on those missiles are very much like a very large claymore mine. Over 100 lbs..
It’s a directional charge that launches several pounds of steel shrapnel (usually balls just like a claymore) over a wide area when it detonates approximately 100 feet or so from the aircraft. It pursues the aircraft nose on generally, after launch and in this instance it did exactly that, destroying the pilots cabin area and ripping holes in the fuel tanks which in turn allowed the air pressure to rip open the craft like a sardine can while it’s engines ignited the fuel..
From the picture I saw initially from the wreckage, there was no doubt that it was a medium SAM missile. And it did exactly what it was programmed to do.
Combined with the launch video from a satellite, the audio from the ground and the admissions from those who crewed it, to not claim this was a shoot down by a aircraft is totally insane.
30mm Russian, like our 20mm and 25mm, is a multipurpose round used by ground, air and naval vehicles. It first appeared in the ZSU-30 antiaircraft gun concept, which got cancelled. The first ground deployment for the 30mm round was the SA-19 Grison/9K22 Tunguska self propelled anti-aircraft vehicle in 1982, but it spread to a LOT of other Russian ground vehicles very quickly. It’s the main gun for pretty much all their front line armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles and amphibious assault vehicles now.