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St. Peter and Rome
Catholic Exchange.com ^ | 11-15-04 | Amy Barragree

Posted on 10/27/2006 8:14:39 PM PDT by Salvation

St. Peter and Rome
11/15/04

Dear Catholic Exchange:

Why did St. Peter establish the Church in Rome?

Ed


Dear Ed,

Peace in Christ!

We do not know why Peter went to Rome. The Church has always maintained, based on historical evidence, that Peter went to Rome, but has never taught why this happened. In speculating on this matter, there are two primary considerations.

First, at the time of Jesus and the early Church, the Roman Empire controlled the lands around the Mediterranean, a large portion of what is now Europe, and most of what is now called the Middle East. Rome was one of the biggest, most influential cities in the Western world. It was the center of political authority, economic progress, cultural expression, and many other aspects of life in the Roman Empire. This may have played a role in Peter’s decision to go to Rome.

Second, Jesus promised the Apostles that He would send the Holy Spirit to guide them. Scripture shows Peter following the promptings of the Holy Spirit throughout his ministry. It somehow fits into God’s providence and eternal plan that His Church be established in Rome. Peter may have gone to Rome for no other reason than that is where the Holy Spirit wanted him.

Historical evidence does show that Peter did go to Rome and exercised his authority as head of the Apostles from there. The earliest Christians provided plenty of documentation in this regard.

Among these was St. Irenæus of Lyons, a disciple of St. Polycarp who had received the Gospel from the Apostle St. John. Near the end of his life St. Irenæus mentioned, in his work Against Heresies (c. A.D. 180-199), the work of Peter and Paul in Rome:

Matthew also issued among the Hebrews a written Gospel in their own language, while Peter and Paul were evangelizing in Rome and laying the foundation of the Church (Book 3, Chapter 1, verse 1).
The African theologian Tertullian tells us that Peter and Paul both died in Rome in Demurrer Against the Heretics (c. A.D. 200):
Come now, if you would indulge a better curiosity in the business of your salvation, run through the apostolic Churches in which the very thrones of the Apostles remain still in place; in which their own authentic writings are read, giving sound to the voice and recalling the faces of each.... [I]f you are near to Italy, you have Rome, whence also our authority [i.e., in Carthage] derives. How happy is that Church, on which the Apostles poured out their whole doctrine along with their blood, where Peter endured a passion like that of the Lord, where Paul was crowned in a death like John’s [i.e., the Baptist], where the Apostle John, after being immersed in boiling oil and suffering no hurt, was exiled to an island.
Tertullian was certainly not the only ancient author who testified that Peter was crucified in Rome. An ancient, orthodox historical text known as the "Acts of Saints Peter and Paul" elaborates on the preaching and martyrdom of the two Apostles in Rome. The dating of this document is difficult, but historians cited in the Catholic Encyclopedia placed its probable origins between A.D. 150-250.

One of the earliest thorough histories of the Church was Bishop Eusebius of Cæsarea’s Ecclesiastical History. Most of this work was written before Constantine became emperor in A.D. 324, and some portions were added afterward. Eusebius quotes many previous historical documents regarding Peter and Paul’s travels and martyrdom in Rome, including excellent excerpts from ancient documents now lost, like Presbyter Gaius of Rome’s "Disputation with Proclus" (c. A.D. 198-217) and Bishop Dionysius of Corinth’s "Letter to Soter of Rome" (c. A.D. 166-174). Penguin Books publishes a very accessible paperback edition of Eusebius’s history of the Church, and most libraries will probably own a copy as well.

For more ancient accounts of Peter’s presence in Rome, see the writings of the Church Fathers, which are published in various collections. Jurgens’s Faith of the Early Fathers, volumes 1-3, contains a collection of patristic excerpts with a topical index which apologists find very useful (Liturgical Press). Hendrickson Publishers and Paulist Press both publish multi-volume hardcover editions of the works of the Church Fathers. Penguin Books and St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press publish a few works of the Fathers in relatively inexpensive paperback editions.

More treatments of Petrine questions may be found in Stephen K. Ray’s Upon This Rock (Ignatius); Jesus, Peter, & the Keys by Butler, Dahlgren, and Hess (Queenship); Patrick Madrid’s Pope Fiction (Basilica); and in the Catholic Answers tracts “Was Peter In Rome?” and “The Fathers Know Best: Peter In Rome.”

Please feel free to call us at 1-800-MY FAITH or email us with any further questions on this or any other subject. If you have found this information to be helpful, please consider a donation to CUF to help sustain this service. You can call the toll-free line, visit us at
www.cuf.org, or send your contribution to the address below. Thank you for your support as we endeavor to “support, defend, and advance the efforts of the teaching Church.”

United in the Faith,

Amy Barragree
Information Specialist
Catholics United for the Faith
827 North Fourth Street
Steubenville, OH 43952
800-MY-FAITH (800-693-2484)



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TOPICS: Apologetics; Catholic; Judaism; Theology
KEYWORDS: catholiclist; rome; stpeter
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To: annalex
How great is the arrogance and lack of understanding of those who think that scripture means that to be saved you must take vows of poverty and chastity.

How utterly stupid it is to say that to be admitted into the Kingdom of God after death of the body, you have to have contributed to the extinction of mankind and lack of new body for souls that must be born. I can see why the church is shot through with homosexuality; for the reductio ad absurdum of homosexuality is the same result.

It also means that, if your husband or wife is an unbeliever, you have the right to divorce them.

821 posted on 11/09/2006 8:38:34 AM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell
foundation of straw

It is the word of God that I cited.

How great is the arrogance and lack of understanding of those who think that scripture means that to be saved you must take vows of poverty and chastity.

The Church does not tech that monasticism is the only way of salvation, although it is the surest way (Lk 14:26). She teaches that in order to be a disciple of Jesus and so to teach others, you must have consecrated life (Lk 14:26).

822 posted on 11/09/2006 12:18:13 PM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
You can take a strong oak beam and splinter it so much that it's no more than straw.

I don't know that I'd say vows are the surest way. And wouldn't it be variable, depending how attracted and attractive you are the opposite sex, and sadly, now the same sex?

But if vows of chastity are the surest way, the individual certainly has that within his power to take and hold to.

You consecrate your life and you do it by your choices in life. All individuals have that sovereignty by virtue of God. You don't ask any agency, you simply work that in you life, choosing to seek the Kingdom of God, and all you need is added to you, and your life is consecrated. Or else the word has no meaning.

As you work toward belief and faith, you will find others on the same path and come together. You attend a church. If you don't like the church, you go to another. And with you goes every ounce of your personal relationship with God.

Look at it like a town. If you don't like the town you vote with your feet and move. While you're there, the town has jurisdiction over you. But it has only temporary and limited jurisdiction, so long as you're there and over nobody not there.

It really has no real and lasting authority because you can leave at any time since you are self sufficient.

God gives each of us our own souls and spirits, and has made promises to us, as individuals based on our individual choice to seek Him.

Even though most of us like to gather in groups to walk our paths, we are self sufficient according to the teaching of Jesus in the Gospels, in our way to find the Father and salvation by doing things only an individual can do. And this happens to be exactly what the church says it has the authority to do for us.

It can have no such authority. It would be a dramatic scriptual crisis; the scriptures gives individuals by clear and unambiguous scripture the way to salvation, those who will choose it, and only by torturous gerrmandering does the Catholic church claim that power over men.

This is like saying, "I'm going to build a wall for you, and, since you have the tools, you lay the block."

823 posted on 11/09/2006 7:28:13 PM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell

You know, I read it for a third time, and I don't understand how your thoughts relate to the scripture in view. Are they supposed to?


824 posted on 11/10/2006 3:26:11 PM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
You know, I read it for a third time, and I don't understand how your thoughts relate to the scripture in view. Are they supposed to?

You quote scripture. Then you tell me what the scripture means, not by your testimony but by the church's, who has taught you those things. Another person, not under the influence of preconditioned beliefs, would not read the church's interpretation into it.

Therefore, the church's scriptural interpolation is not sovereign in and of itself, or else who could gainsay it? This is what you quote me.

Further, if God were to intend to establish a church that can judge the souls of men to exalt some up to Heaven or cast others down to Hell by its election, and specify how they shall worship and to whom they have to seek sovereign guidance in all matters of the worship, He would have specified it PLAINLY in scripture, so there could be no dissent.

I'm giving you reasons that I reject the meaning of those scriptures.

There can be no church (as to say, no collective or artificial person made of human beings) as it describes itself. I gave reasons why.

Those reasons lead to a scriptural conflict, which I described.

And I ended with an analogy of how the church stands on spiritual salvation of an individual.

825 posted on 11/10/2006 5:25:15 PM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell

You give me musings of yours that do not relate to the scripture in any way. You are welcome to try again, better.


826 posted on 11/10/2006 9:07:21 PM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
You haven't posted any scriptures that say what you claim. Nor can they possibly say what you claim. That is my point. I've given you reason, yet you can't refute the reasoning.

A while ago on another thread I said that I was wasting my time, that you couldn't hear me nor understand what I say because you are completely invested in your conditioning.

On this thread, you challenge me again. I indulged you my time to discuss it with you, right down to the level of one-liners, and you have proved my point. You have ears, yet you don't hear and you have eyes, yet you don't see.

I have shown you in clear syllogisms that, according to Natural law, God's law and scriptural precept, the church you have invested your soul into can't possibly, under any conceivable cover, have the authority it claims.

You can't accept it. I knew you couldn't. I'll go as long as you like. You are certainly wasting your time and digging your hole deeper; will you continue to waste mine?

827 posted on 11/11/2006 8:03:10 AM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell
You haven't posted any scriptures that say what you claim

Yes I have. You refuse to comprehend them. This is why you reason not from scripture but from your social anticlerical prejudice.

828 posted on 11/11/2006 8:23:21 AM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
I have shown you in clear syllogisms that, according to Natural law, God's law and scriptural precept, the church you have invested your soul into can't possibly, under any conceivable cover, have the authority it claims.

Therefore there is no scripture you can quote that can mean what the church claims it means. The testimony to that is the labored and torturous ways these bits of scripture are treated to wring a preconceived meaning from them.

AND, if that were not enough, if these fragments of scripture assigned the Catholic church the authority it claims to have, that would create a scriptural crisis, and I explained that, too.

Would you like me to transport previously posted logic so you can read it again?

You can't refute the clear reasoning, and you can't explain the reasoning that underlies the interpretation you have learned from the church because yours is blind acceptance.

When faced with actual performance of argument, you are immobilized, not only out of inability to think beyond your conditioning, but out of the sheer fact that the scriptures do not infact mean what the church says they mean.

Will you continue to waste my time and your time? I will continue to press my points as long as you like.

829 posted on 11/11/2006 9:30:40 AM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell

This is not how theology is made. I gave you the scripture. Please argue from scripture and history. Syllogisms about natural law are fun thing to argue about, but the issue is theological. What you are doing is, you are injecting a bourgeois 18-20cc individualistic mentality into the teaching of the 2,000 year old Church, and, of course, you say: This cannot be. I hear you, -- I am a product of 20c myself. But our social instincts are irrelevant to what Christ teaches.


830 posted on 11/11/2006 1:55:41 PM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
All of which means you can't refute my reasoning. Citing scripture is meaningless when the scripture is misapplied. The good Lord gave us minds that reason so we can catch attempts to deceive.

831 posted on 11/12/2006 5:33:25 AM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell

I don't care about your reasoning. I have a clear scripture that explains the authority of the Church. Rather than reasoning around it, you have an obligation as a Christian to obey it, even more so if you claim, as a Protestant, to go by scripture alone.


832 posted on 11/12/2006 5:40:45 PM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
You have no clear scripture. You have only the Catholic churches interpretation of a scripture. The Catholic church cannot use scripture because it claims to be the sole interpreter of scripture, and interprets scripture to say it has the authority to interpret scripture.

Scripture says things. It is clear. The Kingdom of God is within each individual, giving them the authority, each one, to take their salvation therefrom.

The church, like any other organization, can only get the authority that its members can consent to give it. It has no authority beyond that. The scriptures are clear, and reasoning from the scriptures is compelling.

You only make your argument because you are invested in the church and have chosen to depend on it for your salvation. As such, it is your salvation, because your choice gives it that power, over you, and no one else.

Scripture, the teaching of Jesus and the apostles, clearly gives each individual the means, exclusively, to their salvation through faith and belief. No church is needed, therefore no church can have the authority you claim; it has been otherwise assigned. Every passage of scripture bears witness to that either explicitly or implicitly.

The statement of Jesus, saying the the Kingdom of God is within, alone, with no other scripture, assigns that authority to the individual and no church pronouncements otherwise can prevail against it.

833 posted on 11/13/2006 7:59:33 AM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell

The verses in Matthew 16 and 18 are clear scripture giving the Church as an organization headed by Peter authority over spiritual matters, including access to the Kingdom of Heaven.

I already pointed out to you that the notion of the Kingdom of Heaven being inside the individual cannot be used to disprove the other gospel, because it is not described as exclusively an internal matter.

The rest is your speculative thinking.


834 posted on 11/13/2006 9:13:15 AM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
I see no scripture at Matthew that says that Jesus intends to start a overwhelming consolidated church that interprets the scripture and judges the souls of men.

I see one that has an interpretation impressed on it that is inconsistent with he rest of the scriptures.

This is not arguable.

I have no idea what you're trying to say. If the Kingdom of God is within an individual, that is all that is needed for the individual, and that individual is the only one who can reach it for himself.

This sole scripture completely leaves out the church as any kind of authority outside the consent of its own membership.

It is not a "notion", unless all the other things Jesus said plainly and clearly are "notions", including your perceived meaning of Matthew, which, by the way is not rendered likewise on any other Gospel.

The Catholic is certainly free to regulate the ones who consent to its authority. Beyond that it is powerless.

Has my statement that it is a waste of time trying to reason with invested Catholic come true yet? You have a bull in your bedroom. It does no good to deny it is there.

835 posted on 11/13/2006 11:15:01 AM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell

Does Matthew 18 provide a sequence of resolving arguments that ends with the Church as the highest authority or not?



836 posted on 11/13/2006 11:53:03 AM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
No. And and contrived interpretation is overridden by Matthew again where Jesus is very clear that all an individual has to do is seek the kingdom (and it's within, by His statement also) and all other material and spiritual needs will be added to him. No mention of a church to go through to do this.

Since the scripture is God's word inspired, if God had intended that kind of assignation of authority of His own and His Son's sovereignty, it would be there using no uncertain wording, clear and unambiguous and unarguable.

The majority of the New Testament advises individuals There is no scriptural basis for any intention Jesus had of creating a central, all powerful church that interprets God's word to the people, judges the spiritual condition of the people and determines the spiritual destination of anyone.

Not only does Matthew, or any other scripture, makes any church the highest authority, but it is not possible. The authority had been assigned elsewhere: the individual, for himself.

837 posted on 11/13/2006 2:32:53 PM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell
No

Cognratulations. You just refused to read the Gospel because you don't like what is says.

if he will not hear them: tell the church. And if he will not hear the church, let him be to thee as the heathen and publican. 18 Amen I say to you, whatsoever you shall bind upon earth, shall be bound also in heaven; and whatsoever you shall loose upon earth, shall be loosed also in heaven.

Incidentally, why are we doing this on the St. Peter and Rome thread, when I posted On Holy Scripture and Holy Tradition that specifically and systematically addresses the question of church authority?

838 posted on 11/13/2006 2:42:37 PM PST by annalex
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To: annalex
You challenged me on this thread, and on this thread we'll continue it. If you would like me on another thread, I'll be glad to post all the posts I've made so far on this one.

I can't reconcile the impression you, probably the church as the source, put on scripture. Do you know scripture pretty well beyond what the church bears down on?

Show me, in the scripture you posted, where is there any indication that Paul is referring to a all powerful central church. This passage of scripture is a fragment of Paul's advice on how to handle a fellow believer's sin and transgression. Note that Paul says go first to the trespasser yourself, then bring two to help you and then ask help of the fellows of the local church of believers.

The bound and loose reference in this case obviously refers to the transgressor. This is the old spiritual law we've seen before. Cast bread on the water and it''ll return sevenfold, kill with the sword and be killed with the sword, and other ways of saying I don't call to mind right now.

You'll be called to account for your words, and deeds, each one, a record of which will be remembered in the judgment of your soul. The Eastern religions refer to it as "karma", used with reincarnation, but the same principle.

Notice that Paul is talking about a behavior of general Christian believers who have a quarrel, the word "you" refers to generally to those same people should they transgress.

This is consistent with the rest of the Gospels, and Paul, which and whom taught to individual people the way, performed entirely by the individual, capable of being done only by an individual, to salvation.

Only by ignoring the rest of the Gospels, Acts and letters can you impress such an interpretation on this fragment of scripture.

As I mentioned in a post some while back, the way the Catholic church looks on the scriptures is consistent with it's importance, the scriptures seen as the foundation for a corporate rule.

From the words and the clear meaning of the scriptures, the authority of spiritual salvation, the worthiness of one's soul for salvation, the presence of one's name in the Book, the rewards for faith and belief, the location of the Kingdom, is assigned to each individual for himself. None can do it for you; only you.

That it is a nature of human beings to do this in groups, called churches, magnifying the "two or more" promise by Christ, satisfying our gregariousness, and learning from the testimony of others, is quite beside the point.

Any such organization is created by the people, given power by the people choosing at each moment to submit to the organization's agreed upon guidelines and behavior commanded by scripture itself, exist only as long as there are people belonging to it at their election.

No such human organization creates itself, and God certainly did not create it, only the need of people to worship together, God being present if He is called by the hearts of individuals thereof by their own choice. And, if a government, by the leaders, at their choice.

This is the way God's works, from my observation and reading. He knows each sparrow, and each hair on each head. He is available to each individual in prayer, the prayers of a righteous man availeth much, and He allows salvation to come to the each individual.

No gatekeeper church that I can see. of course, the Catholic church, via you, see it differently. It has much to lose in wealth and power, for its power is the people who believe in it.

839 posted on 11/13/2006 5:53:45 PM PST by William Terrell (Individuals can exist without government but government can't exist without individuals.)
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To: William Terrell
in the scripture you posted, where is there any indication that Paul is referring to a all powerful central church

You mean St. Matthew, Chapter 18.

The passage simply says that the decision of the Church is binding on the disputants on earth and in heaven. This is the literal meaning.

Now it is fair to ask, is the reference to the local church or to the universal Church? The answer is, obviously, both. The disputants naturally have to address the dispute in some local venue, so it is local. But the decision that local church makes is binding in Heaven. Now, unless you are going to argue that there is a separate Heaven for every disputant, we have to conclude from this passage alone that the decision of the local church is uniform to every local church, and that means powerful central Church present as the background for the decision.

There is other scripture that indicates that the Church has hierachical structure:

if you have ten thousand instructors in Christ, yet not many fathers. For in Christ Jesus, by the gospel, I have begotten you. 16 Wherefore I beseech you, be ye followers of me, as I also am of Christ. 17 For this cause have I sent to you Timothy, who is my dearest son and faithful in the Lord; who will put you in mind of my ways, which are in Christ Jesus; as I teach every where in every church. 18 As if I would not come to you, so some are puffed up. 19 But I will come to you shortly, if the Lord will: and will know, not the speech of them that are puffed up, but the power. 20 For the kingdom of God is not in speech, but in power. 21 What will you? shall I come to you with a rod; or in charity, and in the spirit of meekness?

(1 Cor 4)

12 For as the body is one, and hath many members; and all the members of the body, whereas they are many, yet are one body, so also is Christ. 13 For in one Spirit were we all baptized into one body

[...]

26 And if one member suffer any thing, all the members suffer with it; or if one member glory, all the members rejoice with it. 27 Now you are the body of Christ, and members of member. 28 And God indeed hath set some in the church; first apostles, secondly prophets, thirdly doctors; after that miracles; then the graces of healing, helps, governments, kinds of tongues, interpretations of speeches. 29 Are all apostles? Are all prophets? Are all doctors?

(1 Cor 12)

Any such organization is created by the people, given power by the people choosing at each moment to submit to the organization's agreed upon guidelines and behavior commanded by scripture itself, exist only as long as there are people belonging to it at their election.

This is scripturally incorrect. The authority of the Church comes from Christ, not form the assembly of believers:

I will build my church

(Matthew 16:18)

1 Let a man so account of us as of the ministers of Christ, and the dispensers of the mysteries of God. 2 Here now it is required among the dispensers, that a man be found faithful. 3 But to me it is a very small thing to be judged by you, or by man's day; but neither do I judge my own self. 4 For I am not conscious to myself of any thing, yet am I not hereby justified; but he that judgeth me, is the Lord.

(1 Cor 4)

I'd like to focus on the scripture and the question of Church authority, but if you need to discuss my personality, or what other scripture I know, let's do it later. I can generally say that as a Catholic I do not make the distinction between Church and scripture as scripture is a product of the Church (On Holy Scripture and Holy Tradition).
840 posted on 11/14/2006 9:52:10 AM PST by annalex
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