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What Abortionist Killers Believe: The Consequences of a Fringe Theology
The Weekly Standard ^ | 6/11/09 | Jon A. Shields

Posted on 06/12/2009 10:05:34 PM PDT by bdeaner

The recent murder of late-term abortion specialist Dr. George Tiller cast a spotlight once again on the violent fringe of the pro-life movement. What motivates them? How do they differ from the law-abiding citizens who work and demonstrate against abortion?

Some critics of the pro-life movement have recycled the old charge that what sets the handful of violent pro-lifers apart is their moral seriousness. Unlike the hypocrites who content themselves with protests and lobbying, the argument goes, those who bomb clinics and assassinate abortionists have the courage of their conviction that abortion is murder. Writes William Saletan in Slate, "If a doctor in Kansas were butchering hundreds of old or disabled people .  .  . I doubt most members of the National Right to Life Committee would stand by. .  .  . Somebody would use force." The fringe who kill expose the mainstream of pro-lifers as frauds.

The reality is much more interesting. The best studies of pro-life extremism--notably James Risen and Judy L. Thomas's Wrath of Angels--make clear that what distinguishes pro-life bombers and assassins is not the degree of their moral conviction, but their fanatical commitment to a certain understanding of political theology.

When abortion emerged as a public issue in the 1960s, most of those who fought to keep the practice illegal were Catholics. Most Protestants, including virtually all evangelicals, stayed on the sidelines. The Southern Baptist Convention even tacitly blessed Roe v. Wade, the 1973 decision by which the Supreme Court held abortion to be an individual right, overturning the laws of 50 states.

Roe divided the pro-lifers. Most continued to work through political channels, joining state affiliates of the National Right to Life Committee. But some concluded that either amending the Constitution or transforming the composition of the Supreme Court might not be achievable in their lifetime. In frustration, they began a campaign of sit-ins. Thus, Roe energized pro-lifers, pushing many activists into the streets.

From the beginning, their civil disobedience was shaped by their theology. The early Catholic activists came out of the antiwar left and were inspired by liberal Christians. John O'Keefe, the founder of the rescue movement (whose name derives from Proverbs 24:11: "Rescue those being led away to death; hold back those staggering toward slaughter"), was deeply influenced by Martin Luther King Jr. and especially the Catholic monk Thomas Merton. O'Keefe wrote a recruiting pamphlet, A Peaceful Presence (1978), that encouraged pro-lifers to practice nonviolent civil disobedience (blocking clinic entrances, for example, and going limp when arrested) as a spiritual act and a symbolic sharing in the helplessness of unborn children.

Early rescuers asked their friends in the antiwar movement and other liberal causes to join them but were roundly rebuffed. Yet even as those pleas fell on deaf ears, conservative evangelicals were rethinking their own political theology in ways that would forever change the rescue movement.

Given the recent history of the evangelical right, it is easy to forget just how apolitical large numbers of conservative Protestants were during most of the 20th century. Evangelicals, in particular, tended to believe that saving souls by spreading the gospel should take priority over political engagement. Most also accepted a view of the end times known as premillennialism, which teaches that the world must fall even deeper into sin before Christ returns to establish his thousand-year reign. This eschatological view encouraged separation from the world and made social reform seem futile at best.

By the late sixties liberals were criticizing evangelicals for neglecting the great public questions of the day. The conservative Presbyterian Francis Schaeffer agreed. More than any other thinker, Schaeffer mobilized evangelicals to join the pro-life movement by changing the way they thought about politics. Contrary to the prevailing emphasis in evangelical churches, Schaeffer insisted that Christians had a duty to make the world better rather than barricade themselves in subcultures. He further taught that political quietism did not follow from premillennialism. As he put it, "Even if I knew the world was going to end tomorrow, I would still plant a tree today."

Schaeffer advocated defiance of government in the matter of abortion. In A Christian Manifesto (1981), he concluded, "At a certain point there is not only the right, but the duty, to disobey the state." This was heady stuff for a subculture that had long insisted that any social movement was a distraction from the Great Commission, Jesus' command to his followers to "go and make disciples of all nations."

Nearly every evangelical leader who became prominent in the pro-life movement credited Schaeffer for clearing away the theological obstacles to activism. Among them was Randall Terry, an evangelical convert who turned the rescue movement into something big.

Terry succeeded where O'Keefe had failed. He founded Operation Rescue in 1986 and built it into the largest campaign of civil disobedience since the anti-Vietnam war movement, engineering massive blockades of abortion clinics in New York, Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Wichita. The National Abortion Federation estimates that between 1977 and 1993, the movement was responsible for more than 600 blockades leading to over 33,000 arrests.

The success of Operation Rescue turned on the power of particular religious appeals. Terry approached independent fundamentalist pastors and told them that evangelicals had blood on their hands because they had stayed out of the abortion conflict. Critics who disparaged the rescue movement as self-righteous misunderstood it: It was a way for evangelicals to show repentance for their sins. As Risen and Thomas explain, "Terry would sell the church on Operation Rescue as a form of atonement."

The fundamentalists in Operation Rescue did tend to be more militant than the early Catholic demonstrators. Rather than simply go limp and let police officers arrest them, for instance, many resisted by grabbing onto whatever they could. Nonetheless, they were far from violent. (Many, in fact, complained of police brutality.) Not all participants, however, were persuaded by Schaeffer's insistence that their agitation be peaceful. A handful radicalized his teachings to justify and inspire violence.

There is little in Michael Bray's early life to suggest that he would become the spiritual leader of the violent fringe. At Bowie High School in Maryland, he was a football player and state wrestling champion. He was an Eagle Scout. Following in his father's footsteps, he earned a spot at the U.S. Naval Academy.

But Bray dropped out of the academy and hitch-hiked across the country seeking adventure and direction. In Orlando he attended a Baptist tent revival and began thinking seriously about a life of faith. His search for God included flirtations with Mormonism and the Conservative Baptist Association. Under the influence of Schaeffer's writings, however, Bray was drawn to major figures of the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, especially John Calvin and John Knox.

Calvin emphasized the biblical doctrine of predestination, that God determined who would be saved and damned before the creation of the world. Not only are the "elect" chosen by God for salvation, but, according to Calvin, they should also govern. Only public officials, however, could legitimately use force to punish crimes.

Knox disagreed. He suggested that any member of the elect, not just public officials, could use force to achieve God's justice. As Risen and Thomas underscore, Knox's teachings convinced Bray that "it was appropriate for the godly man to take the law into his own hands, because his hands were the tools of the Lord." Indeed, Bray actually "came to believe John Knox was speaking to him across the centuries, telling him that it was his duty as a Christian to fight abortion by any means necessary."

Bray soon began orchestrating clinic bombings, for which he would serve time in prison. In 1984 he and his impressionable protégés Michael Spinks and Kenneth Shields (no relation to the author) helped set an annual record for bombings that stands to this day. Abortion facilities were bombed in six cities in the Washington, D.C., region. These early attacks, however, were successfully timed to avoid human casualties.

In the early 1990s, Operation Rescue collapsed under the weight of its participants' exhaustion and Terry's authoritarian leadership. Then in 1994, a new federal law increased the penalties for blocking access to clinics. Now isolated, the seriously violence-prone were left to their own worst impulses. Violence escalated. For the first time, abortion providers were targeted for execution. In the period 1993-98, six people were killed by four shooters, and a seventh lost his life in a clinic bombing.

The extremists coalesced in what they called the Army of God and declared war: "We, the remnant of God fearing men and women of the United States of Amerika, do officially declare war on the entire child-killing industry." Army of God manuals contained instructions on how to acquire explosives and bomb clinics.

For inspiration, the radicals turned to Bray's A Time to Kill (1994), a book that could not have been more different from O'Keefe's A Peaceful Presence. As Risen and Thomas report, Bray became the "national spokesperson for violence and retribution" and his book "must reading among extremists."

One of these was Paul Hill, a radical Presbyterian minister, a graduate of the Reformed Theological Seminary, who quickly rose to leadership in the Army of God. He was the author of the group's infamous 1994 "Defensive Action Statement," a petition endorsing violence that was signed by 29 radicals. Hill would be executed by the state of Florida in 2003 for killing an abortion doctor and a clinic escort.

Shelly Shannon also found inspiration in Bray's writings. A housewife, Shannon bombed clinics in four states before wounding George Tiller in an attempt on his life in 1993. She is now in prison. In her diary, Shannon described her religious experiences just prior to various acts of violence. Hours before she bombed a clinic, for instance, she wrote: "If I die doing this, I die in Christ, walking obediently in a work He gave me." And hours before shooting Tiller, she reflected, "This morning in bed it seemed God asked, Is there any doubt?" "No, Lord. Please help me do it right."

Others, whether or not they were directly influenced by Bray's writings, shared his disregard for the legitimacy and authority of the American government. Scott Roeder, who has been charged with Tiller's murder, is a member of the Montana Freemen, a Christian organization that has declared itself outside the authority of the government and engaged in an armed conflict with the FBI in 1996.

Whatever the shades of difference among them, virtually all the radicals have cherished a bellicose reading of a handful of Old Testament verses, especially Genesis 9:6: "Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God has God made man." The fringe seemingly ignore the New Testament, particularly the passages enjoining respect for civil authorities.

In the aftermath of Tiller's shooting, pro-life organizations were quick to denounce vigilante justice and reaffirm their well-established fidelity to American democracy. As post-1960s activism goes, the pro-life movement is unusually patriotic. Its many Catholic and Protestant participants, moreover, obviously do not understand their faith to require them to kill doctors or nurses--or mothers or fathers--involved in the great evil of abortion. On the contrary, their behavior is generally consonant with orthodox Christian teaching on murder ("Thou shalt not .  .  ."), civil government ("Render unto Caesar .  .  ."), and the duty of believers to do good and resist evil by all legitimate means.

Author:
Jon A. Shields is assistant professor of government at Claremont McKenna College and the author of The Democratic Virtues of the Christian Right (Princeton University Press, 2009).


TOPICS: Catholic; Current Events; Evangelical Christian; Religion & Culture
KEYWORDS: abortion; catholic; evangelical; moralabsolutes; prolife; tiller
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Interesting -- I didn't realize the Protestants were not much involved in the pro-life movement until recently.
1 posted on 06/12/2009 10:05:34 PM PDT by bdeaner
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To: bdeaner

That’s completely bogus.


2 posted on 06/12/2009 10:10:10 PM PDT by EternalVigilance (Obama administration: "We are going to change the world. Please, don't interfere.")
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To: bdeaner
These bastards have the nerve to call anyone "violent", when they approve of the ripping apart of live babies in the womb?

THE GRUESOME TRUTH OF THE ABORTION HOLOCAUST & THE DEATH OF DR. TILLER [Warning: A graphic photo of death & dismemberment]

“It is the grimmest of ironies that one of the most savage, barbaric acts of evil in history began in one of the most modernized societies of its time, where so many markers of human progress became tools of human depravity: science that can heal, used to kill; education that can enlighten, used to rationalize away basic moral impulses; the bureaucracy that sustains modern life, used as the machinery of mass death, a ruthless, chillingly efficient system where many were responsible for the killing, but few got actual blood on their hands.”–Barack Obama April 24, 2009, Holocaust Remebernce Day, Chicago Sun Times.

3 posted on 06/12/2009 10:14:33 PM PDT by Jeff Head (Freedom is not free...never has been, never will be. (www.dragonsfuryseries.com))
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To: EternalVigilance
That’s completely bogus.

What's completely bogus?
4 posted on 06/12/2009 10:22:21 PM PDT by bdeaner (The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ? (1 Cor. 10:16))
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To: EternalVigilance; Jim Robinson; wagglebee

When ANY PERSON decides to ‘play GOD’ and, denying the sanctity of life, takes another life, born or unborn, that person is guilty, whether or not so found in human court of law. There will be at the end of our human lives a judgment day for all sin. (Thank God for Grace!)

On the other hand, when any government *fails* to execute murderers, IT abdicates its moral imperative.

In the USA, the Sovereign Citizens have the opportunity to out-hustle ACORNBOMA and restore the rule of moral law, so help us God!


5 posted on 06/12/2009 10:23:41 PM PDT by The Spirit Of Allegiance (Public Employees: Honor Your Oaths! Defend the Constitution from Enemies--Foreign and Domestic!)
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To: bdeaner

What you said in post number one.


6 posted on 06/12/2009 10:30:54 PM PDT by EternalVigilance (Obama administration: "We are going to change the world. Please, don't interfere.")
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To: bdeaner

You “didn’t realize it” because it’s simply not true.


7 posted on 06/12/2009 10:32:13 PM PDT by EternalVigilance (Obama administration: "We are going to change the world. Please, don't interfere.")
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To: EternalVigilance
You “didn’t realize it” because it’s simply not true.

How do you know that? What is your evidence to counter the author's statements?
8 posted on 06/12/2009 10:33:17 PM PDT by bdeaner (The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ? (1 Cor. 10:16))
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To: bdeaner
The use of deadly force to prevent emanate murder is a defense under Texas law.
9 posted on 06/12/2009 10:38:55 PM PDT by BigCinBigD ('When a man believes that any stick will do, he at once picks up a boomerang,')
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To: BigCinBigD
The use of deadly force to prevent emanate murder is a defense under Texas law.

Are you suggesting Texans should kill abortionists in their state?
10 posted on 06/12/2009 10:40:40 PM PDT by bdeaner (The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ? (1 Cor. 10:16))
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To: bdeaner

Long experience in the pro-life movement. The claim is ridiculous.


11 posted on 06/12/2009 10:42:48 PM PDT by EternalVigilance (Obama administration: "We are going to change the world. Please, don't interfere.")
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To: bdeaner

Why not at all.


12 posted on 06/12/2009 11:24:30 PM PDT by BigCinBigD ('When a man believes that any stick will do, he at once picks up a boomerang,')
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To: bdeaner

People like roeder always come along to do their violent deeds just when the pro-aborts need them to do so, when the pro-aborts have suffered some kind of setback.

Remember, this murder comes less than a week after the left-leanign Gallup Poll reported that a MAJORITY of Americans (51-42) are pro-life. The timing could not be more suspicious. Qui bono?

I thin Roeder and his ilk are pro-abort setups.


13 posted on 06/12/2009 11:32:13 PM PDT by TBP
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To: TBP

Those who are PRO-LIFE don’t murder.

This was not done by a pro-lifer but by someone who was pro-choice. He chose to end someone else’s life. He used a gun. Others use forceps. Both are murder.

How convenient for the baby-killing gun-grabber abortionists that this tragedy “just happened” to occur when they are trying to ramrod immoral, unConstitutional new anti-gun and citizen profiling legislation through Congress!

Those with the least conscience and the most to gain power and wealth from such a tragedy are the most likely to have suborned it. Follow the money.

http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/2261924/posts?page=15#15


14 posted on 06/13/2009 12:37:41 AM PDT by The Spirit Of Allegiance (Public Employees: Honor Your Oaths! Defend the Constitution from Enemies--Foreign and Domestic!)
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To: bdeaner
I recall taking a church trip to a religious conference in Nashville as a teenager. This was in April or May of 1973, just shortly after Roe was handed down. It was a Baptist conference and everyone was horrified by the Roe ruling.

Also, I would note that in the years shortly before Roe, heavily Catholic New York's legislature voted to legalize abortion (1970). Bills to permit abortion failed to gain any traction whatsoever in the Protestant South. Texas went all the way to the Supreme Court to defend its law against abortion, as did Georgia in the Doe case. Texas was overwhelmingly Protestant back then, far more so than today when open borders have made the state nearly half Latino.

15 posted on 06/13/2009 1:08:48 AM PDT by puroresu (Enjoy ASIAN CINEMA? See my Freeper page for recommendations (REALLY & TRULY updated!).)
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To: puroresu
Dear puroresu,

“Also, I would note that in the years shortly before Roe, heavily Catholic New York's legislature voted to legalize abortion (1970)”

And the same Catholic-dominated legislature voted to undo its liberal abortion laws two years later, but were overridden by Protestant Gov. Nelson Rockefeller. Wiki has him as a Baptist.


sitetest

16 posted on 06/13/2009 5:33:36 AM PDT by sitetest (If Roe is not overturned, no unborn child will ever be protected in law.)
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To: sitetest
Fair point. I wasn't trying to belittle Catholics’ role in the pro-life movement, which has been outstanding. I was just wondering where the idea that Protestants were indifferent to the issue until sometime after Roe vs. Wade came from.

Given that America is a predominantly Protestant nation, how did abortion end up outlawed in all fifty states in the first place? For much of American history there were negative attitudes toward Catholicism in many sections of the country. That was true as late as 1960 when there was fear among Democrats that JFK's Catholicism would hurt his chances in the presidential race. If opposition to abortion was merely a Catholic thing which Baptists, Lutherans, and others didn't share, then how did abortion end up outlawed in Alabama, Kansas, Idaho, and other areas where Catholics are a distinct minority?

Why, when the moral relativism of the 1960s spawned a pro-abortion movement, was it not stronger in the less Catholic parts of the country? It would seem it would have had a head start there, since there was no religious basis for opposition to abortion in the first place. But there doesn't seem to be any evidence that that's the case. New York legalized abortion, and it's heavily Catholic. True, they tried to unlegalize it in 1972. But the point is that a bill to legalize abortion would have been crushed by a landslide in the Georgia legislature in 1970. Yet Georgia has few Catholics. So where did the strong opposition to abortion there come from if Protestants didn't care about the issue?

From what I can see, both Catholics and Protestant Evangelicals opposed abortion all along. It was secularists and CINOs (Christians in Name Only) from both Catholic and Protestant backgrounds who pushed legal abortion. I guess we could add in liberal Jews, but most of them are secularists, and aren't religious like pro-life Jewish leader Yehuda Levin.

17 posted on 06/13/2009 6:35:18 AM PDT by puroresu (Enjoy ASIAN CINEMA? See my Freeper page for recommendations (REALLY & TRULY updated!).)
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To: EternalVigilance; bdeaner

You wrote:

“That’s completely bogus.”

No, actually it was a perfectly reasonable comment on bdeaner’s part as to how surprising it is to see how far back Protestant involvement in pro-life efforts go. After all, Catholics led the way LONG BEFORE Row v. Wade in all things pro-life and were known for the stand against contraception as well. Protestants, on the other hand, are only incidentally, or accidentally, pro-life. Their views could change any day depending on their leadership, exegesis, feelings, etc. For Catholics, this is the way it’s always been, and this is the way it will always be. Remember, Protestant religious bodies didn’t accept contraception until the 1930s! Now, they all do really. And by the 1960s, the PCUSA was vocally supporting abortion on demand. That’s an amazing development - and a heart breaking one too.

Catholics have never seen anything like that in their Church and never will. For many Catholics, raised in a pro-life atmosphere that goes back 2,000 years it is surprising to learn that there are Protestants who have been involved in the pro-life movement for 35 or more years. They were relatively few in number, but they were there. Think of it this way, what if someone claimed that the seminal Protestant declaration against abortion (and there can be no such thing of course because Protestants are not unified at all) was Francis Schaeffer’s A Christian Manifesto which came out in 1981. That’s only 28 years ago. Our first, if not greatest statement against abortion, came out sometime between 70 and 140 A.D. - the Didache. It’s just part of way of life. Protestants had to wake up to the danger of abortion. We always found it an abomination. I know some Protestant pro-lifers have written about struggles they had in their churches in the 1970s and 1980s to get people to even consider the pro-life cause as important! That same sort of philosophical problem continues in how Protestant sects overwhelmingly support birth control. They simply aren’t pro-life ENOUGH to know or understand how birth control ties into and sometimes directly leads to abortion.


18 posted on 06/13/2009 6:44:26 AM PDT by vladimir998 (Ignorance of Scripture is ignorance of Christ. St. Jerome)
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To: bdeaner

The other question is “What do abortionists believe?” Tiller was killed in a Lutheran church where he seems to have been warmly accepted. What kind of theology condones abortion?


19 posted on 06/13/2009 7:03:21 AM PDT by Malesherbes (Sauve Qui Peut)
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To: puroresu
Given that America is a predominantly Protestant nation, how did abortion end up outlawed in all fifty states in the first place?

It was actually outlawed more in the late 19th century, as I understand it, when anatomical knowledge became more commonplace. When fetuses (which is Latin for baby) were seen to be REALLY tiny babies, and the picture plates in textbooks demonstrated that, minds were changed.

I came across that a number of years ago while working in the archives and rare books section of a major medical library. DaVinci may have been the first to illustrate life in the womb, but it was the work of artists much later that changed a lot of hearts and minds.

20 posted on 06/13/2009 7:32:02 AM PDT by Desdemona (Tolerance of grave evil is NOT a Christian virtue. http://www.thekingsmen.us/)
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