I found a good description here:
The Ashkenazi-hasidic movement thus gave new relevance and new spiritual meaning even to the simplest and most practical of the religious and moral commandments. A more radical principle which also directly affected a whole pattern of behavior was the distinction made between din Torah (the "earthly law") and din shamayim (the "heavenly law"). Strict observance of the Torah precepts does not necessarily lead to the highest religious fulfillment; for this a higher moral law – din shamayim, the law of conscience – is necessary.
According to the Torah, a thief is a thief; but according to din shamayim a clear distinction must be made between a man who steals bread out of hunger and a rich man who steals in order to further enrich himself. This does not mean that the laws of the Torah should be abandoned; a pious man however should try to transcend them and follow a higher spiritual and moral law.
Here's a NT example:
Matthew 5:27-28 Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: 28 But I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart.
din shamayim, here it is in colorful Hebrew:
דין שמים
It's truly the Law within the Law. On a related note:
647. THE MESSIANIC TORAH
The Torah of the mundane world is worthless compared to the Messianic Torah of the World to Come. This Torah will be taught by the Messiah, or, some say, even by God Himself. This is the Torah that God delights in, which is studied by the righteous in the World to Come. It begins with aleph, the first letter of the alphabet, while the earthly Torah begins with bet, the second letter.
It begins with aleph.
It has three letters: alef-hei-bet. Ehav! (אהב) It's the command to love*. Simple. It's not any work at all if it is love. It's how the Messiah manages to work night and day at the same time that he doesn't do any work at all. There's the Master Teacher with the lesson plan, if anyone cares to pay attention to what he's doing, and then go *do that*, instead of tearing down another.
*Actually, what it should be is "Hitahev!"(התאהב), the commandment to fall in love [with each other]. Well, you've gotta start somewhere.
Everybody who catches on is going to draw near and kiss and make up and start fresh. Too many cranky people out there.
Ashkenaz... don't get me started on that one because, as the example you provided concerning stealing bread is spelled out clearly in the Bible without the aid of some man made religious ‘din shmin’ that is not of God, but of men who say that God is pleased that He was defeated by these peddlers of falsehood.
Have you NOT read the Bible where He says His Torah is spiritual. Even Paul taught that the Torah is spiritual? God does not operate through flesh, He is spirit and therefore, He operates through spirit.
Torah of the world to come is something that will be taught in the world to come? Tree of souls? .... this is kabbalistic clap trap invented & practiced by men who do not believe in a divine Messiah, but rather, their messiah will be a man of the flesh who will rule over the world.
God doesn't need the help of men to teach His children and when He completes His promise in Jeremiah 31:31-34, everything you just wrote will be proven to be nothing but vanity in which there is no profit.
Try this. The Torah of Moshiach will show what chassidut shows us now. How every word of Torah screams, “Ein od milvado!” (There is nothing other than Him!)
Not only that, it reveals how the stories of old are not just antiquity, rather alive and binding upon us every second of every day to serve our Creator. (Hint—and we LOVE it!)
Check out this class Ezekiel. I was asked in my class “But isn’t the G-d of the Old Testament the G-d of judgement??” Negative Ghost Rider— He’s everything.
Hear the love:
https://www.theyeshiva.net/jewish/2646
If any words aren’t translated let me know. Sometimes I don’t make note when he speaks Yeshivish (mix of Hebrew, Yiddish, and poor English)