The FReeper Foxhole Lazy Sunday-The Court Martial of George Armstrong Custer - July 24th, 2005

http://www.leavenworth.army.mil/history/custer.htm ^

[snippy_about_it]

Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
.

FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.


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The Court Martial of George Armstrong Custer




FORT LEAVENWORTH HISTORY

On 11 October 1867, at Fort Leavenworth, a court martial found Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer, Lieutenant Colonel, 7 th U.S. Cavalry guilty and sentenced him to suspension from rank and command for one year, and forfeiture of his pay for the same time.

Charges and Specifications preferred against Brevet Major General G. A. Custer, Lieutenant Colonel 7th U.S. Cavalry

Charge first.

Absence without leave from his command.

Specification first.

In this, that he Brevet Major General G.A . Custer, Lieutenant Colonel 7th U.S. Cavalry, did at or near Fort Wallace, Kansas, on or about the 15th day of July 1867, absent himself from his command without proper authority, and proceed to Fort Harker, Kansas, a distance of about 275 miles, this at a time when his command was expected to be actively engaged against hostile Indians.

Charge second.

Conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline.

Specification first.

In this, that he, Brevet Major General G.A. Custer, Lieutenant Colonel 7th U.S. Cavalry, immediately after the troops of his command had completed a long and exhausting march, and when the horses belonging thereto had not been rested, and were in an unfit condition for said service, did select a portion of such command consisting of three Commissioned officers, and about seventy-five men with their horses, and did set out upon and execute a rapid march from Fort Wallace, Kansas, to Fort Hays in the same state; the said march being on private business, and without proper authority or any urgency or demand of public business; and in so doing did seriously prejudice the public interest by overmarching and damaging the horses belonging to the said detachment of his command.

Specification second.

In this, that he, Brevet Major General G.A . Custer, Lieutenant Colonel 7th U.S. Cavalry, while executing an unauthorized journey on private business from Fort Wallace, Kansas to Fort Harker in the same state, did procure at Fort Hays in the same state, on or about the 17th July 1867, (two ambulances and) four mules belonging to the United States, and did use such (ambulances and) mules, for the conveyance of himself and part of his escort from said Fort Hays to Fort Harker in the aforesaid state.

Specification third.

In this, that he Brevet Major General G.A. Custer, Lieutenant Colonel 7th U.S. Cavalry, when near Downer's Station in the state of Kansas, on or about the 16th day of July 1867, after having received information that a party of Indians had attacked a small party detached from his escort near said Station, did fail to take proper measures for the repulse of said Indians, or the defense or relief of said detachment; and further, after the return of such detached party of his command with report that two of their number had been killed, did neglect to take any measures to pursue such party of Indians, or recover or bury the bodies of his command that had been killed as aforesaid.

Additional Charges and Specifications preferred against Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer, Brevet Major General U.S.A.

Charge

Conduct prejudicial to good order and Military discipline.

Specification first.

In this that Brevet Major General G.A. Custer, Lieutenant Colonel 7th U.S. Cavalry, while en route commanding and marching a column of his regiment, six companies or thereabouts, strong, from the valley of the Platte River, to the valley of the Smoky Hill River, did, when ordering a party of three commissioned Officers and others of his Command in pursuit of supposed deserters who were then in view leaving camp, also order the said party to shoot the supposed deserters down dead, and bring none in alive. This on "Custer' Cavalry Column Trail," while traveling southward, about fifty miles southwest from Fort Sedgewick, Colorado, on or about the seventh day of July, 1867.

Specification second.

In this that Brevet Major General G.A. Custer, Lieutenant Colonel 7th U.S. Cavalry, did order (the following named and designated Soldiers of his regiment, viz. Bugler Barney Tolliver, Company K., Private Charles Johnson, Company K., Private Alburger, Company D., and other) enlisted men of his command, to be shot down as supposed deserters, but without trial; and did thus cause three men to be severely wounded.

This on "Custer's Cavalry Column Trail," while traveling southward, between fifteen and forty miles South of Platt River, between fifty and seventy miles Southwest from Fort Sedgewick, Colorado, on or about the seventh day of July, 1867.

Specification third.

In this that Brevet Major General G.A . Custer, Lieutenant Colonel 7th U.S. Cavalry, after the following named and designated soldiers of his regiment, viz. Bugler Barney Tolliver, Company K., Private Charles Johnson, Company K., and Private Alburger, Company D., had been summarily shot down and severely wounded by order of him the said Custer, did, order and cause the said soldiers to be placed in a government wagon, and to be hauled eighteen miles, (and did then and there neglect and positively and persistently refuse to allow the said soldiers, to receive treatment and attention from the Acting Assistant Surgeon with his command or any other Medical or Surgical attendance whatsoever).

This on "Custer's Cavalry Column Trail," while traveling southward, between fifteen and forty miles south of Platt River, between fifty and seventy miles Southwest from Fort Sedgewick, Colorado, on or about the seventh day of July, 1867.

Specification fourth.

In this that Brevet Major General G.A. Custer, Lieutenant Colonel 7th U.S. Cavalry, while commanding and marching a column of his regiment, six companies or thereabouts strong, did, on or about the seventh day of July 1867, at a point about fifteen miles South of Platt River, and about fifty miles southwest from Fort Sedgewick, Colorado, order and cause the summary shooting, as a supposed deserter, but without trial, of one Private Charles Johnson, Company K., 7th U.S. Infantry [sic], a soldier of his command; whereby he, the said Johnson, was so severely wounded that he soon after - to wit, on or about the 17th day of July 1867, at or near Fort Wallace, Kansas - did decease; he the said Custer thus causing the death of the said Johnson.

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Findings

Of the 1st Specification 1st Charge - Guilty of the Specification, substituting the words "Fort Harker," for the words "Fort Riley," and the figures "200" for the figures "275."

Of the 1st Charge - Guilty. Of the 1st Specification of the 2nd Charge - Guilty.

Of the 2nd Specification of the 2nd Charge - Guilty of the Specification, substituting the words "Ft. Harker" for the words "Ft. Riley;" omitting the words "two ambulances and," and substituting the word "four" for the word "eight," and omitting the words "ambulances and," and attach no criminality thereto.

Of the 3rd Specification of the 2nd Charge - Guilty.

Of the 2nd Charge - Guilty.

Of the 1st Specification of the Additional Charge - Guilty.

Of the 2nd Specification of the Additional Charge - Guilty of the Specification omitting the words "the following named and designated soldiers of his Regiment, viz Bugler Barney Tolliver, Co.K, Private Charles Johnson, Co K, Private Alburger, Co. D. and other," and substituting the words "three" in place of the words "the said."

Of the third Specification of the Additional Charge the Court finds the facts as stated in the specification except the words "and did then and there neglect and positively and persistantly refuse to allow the said soldiers to receive any treatment or attention from the acting assistant Surgeon with his command, or any other medical or surgical attendance whatever," and attach no criminality thereto.

Of the forth Specification of the Additional Charge - Guilty.

Of the Additional Charge - Guilty.

In consequence the Court sentenced Brevet Major General G.A. Custer, Lieutenant Colonel, 7th U.S. Cavalry, to be suspended from rank and command for one year, and forfeit his pay for the same time.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Members of the Court

Brevet Major General William Hoffman, Colonel Third U.S. Infantry
Brevet Major General John W. Davidson, Lieutenant Colonel Tenth U.S. Calvary (excused)
Brevet Major General Benjamin H. Grierson, Colonel Tenth U.S. Calvary
Brevet Brigadier General Pitcairn Morrison, Colonel U.S. Army Retired
Brevet Brigadier General Michael R. Morgan, Major Commissary of Subsistence
Brevet Brigadier General Franklin D. Callender, Lieutenant Colonel Ordnance Department
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Thomas C. English, Major Fifth U.S. Infantry
Brevet Major Henry Asbury, Captain, Ordnance Department
Brevet Major Stephen C. Lyford, Captain Ordnance Department
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Robert Chandler, Captain Thirteenth U.S. Infantry, Judge Advocate

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FReeper Foxhole Armed Services Links

[snippy_about_it]

Good morning everyone. Enjoy your Sunday.




FAST FACTS:

In 1861, Custer entered the Civil War as a second lieutenant, Company G, 2nd U.S. Cavalry. Some of the battles he fought in included Bull Run, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and Culpepper Court House, where he was wounded. During the Civil War, Custer attained, by battlefield commission, the rank of General. However, After the war ended, the commission was revoked and reverted to the rank of Captain.

Custer was appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the newly commissioned Seventh United States Cavalry, July 28, 1866. On October 11, 1867, at Fort Leavenworth, a court martial found Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer, Lieutenant Colonel, 7 th U.S. Cavalry guilty of being absent without leave from his command and "conduct to the prejudice of good order and military discipline" He was sentenced to suspension from rank and command and loss of pay for one year.

He and the 7th were sent to the Plains and stationed at Fort Abraham Lincoln, North Dakota in 1873. The Sioux Campaign began in early 1876. On June 25, 1876, Custer and his unit discovered a Lakota camp along the Bighorn River. Custer divided his regiment into three columns and moved in to attack. Custer and his column were destroyed by a superior force of Lakota warriors. The 7th Cavalry lost 272 men during the battle, almost half the regiment.

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[snippy_about_it]

"FALL IN" to the FReeper Foxhole!



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[snippy_about_it]

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Please click on the banner above and check out this newly created (and still under construction) website created by FReeper Coop!

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Veterans for Constitution Restoration is a non-profit, non-partisan educational and grassroots activist organization.

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Thanks to quietolong for providing this link.

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We here at Blue Stars For A Safe Return are working hard to honor all of our military, past and present, and their families. Inlcuding the veterans, and POW/MIA's. I feel that not enough is done to recognize the past efforts of the veterans, and remember those who have never been found.

I realized that our Veterans have no "official" seal, so we created one as part of that recognition. To see what it looks like and the Star that we have dedicated to you, the Veteran, please check out our site.

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NOW UPDATED THROUGH JULY 31st, 2004




The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul

Click on Hagar for
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[Aeronaut]

Good morning Snippy.

[E.G.C.]

Good morning, Snippy and everyone at the Freeper Foxhole.

[The Mayor]

July 24, 2005

Garbage Detail

Read:
1 Peter 5:1-6

All of you be submissive to one another, and be clothed with humility. —1 Peter 5:5

Bible In One Year: Isaiah 52-54

It was once my privilege to preach in a church where love and warmth were especially evident. I was impressed by the members' willingness to pitch in and work. On the Sunday I spoke, three services were scheduled. The women of the church had provided a bountiful meal to be served between the meetings for visitors who had traveled a long distance.

Following the dinner, after most of the people had left, I noticed a distinguished-looking couple clearing the tables and dumping the paper plates into large plastic bags. When I complimented them on what they were doing, they said matter-of-factly, "Oh, we're the 'garbage detail.' We volunteered to clean up after every church function. We consider it a ministry."

How wonderful that this man and woman were not only available to serve the Lord, but they humbly did what others might consider demeaning work. These dear people were glad to be what they cheerfully called the "garbage detail."

Some members of the body of Christ are called to serve in places of prominence; others to labor quietly behind the scenes. Regardless of what the Lord asks us to do, let's be willing to do it by serving one another through love, knowing that ultimately we are serving the Lord. —Richard De Haan

There's surely somewhere a lowly place
In earth's harvest fields so wide
Where I may labor through life's short day
For Jesus the Crucified. —Prior

There is no insignificant task in the church.

FOR FURTHER STUDY
The Church We Need

[w_over_w]

MORNING GLORY FOLKS!

Custer attained, by battlefield commission, the rank of General. However, After the war ended, the commission was revoked and reverted to the rank of Captain.

Custer was appointed Lieutenant Colonel of the newly commissioned Seventh United States Cavalry, July 28, 1866.

There was mention of the 7th Calvary by Lt. Col. Hal Moore in "We Were Soldiers". Does the 7th Calvary ever have a "dark cloud" following it due to Custer? Or is that just a passing comment? Just curious.

[USMCBOMBGUY]

Morning Foxhole

[USMCBOMBGUY]

Seems to me Custer's career was plagued short comings. Flamboyant in life, George Armstrong Custer has remained one of the best-known figures in American history and popular mythology long after his death at the hands of Lakota and Cheyenne warriors at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Custer was born in New Rumley, Ohio, and spent much of his childhood with a half-sister in Monroe, Michigan. Immediately after high school he enrolled in West Point, where he utterly failed to distinguish himself in any positive way. Several days after graduating last in his class, he failed in his duty as officer of the guard to stop a fight between two cadets. He was court-martialed and saved from punishment only by the huge need for officers with the outbreak of the Civil War. Custer did unexpectedly well in the Civil War. He fought in the First Battle of Bull Run, and served with panache and distinction in the Virginia and Gettysburg campaigns. Although his units suffered enormously high casualty rates -- even by the standards of the bloody Civil War -- his fearless aggression in battle earned him the respect of his commanding generals and increasingly put him in the public eye. His cavalry units played a critical role in forcing the retreat of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's forces; in gratitude, General Philip Sheridan purchased and made a gift of the Appomatox surrender table to Custer and his wife, Elizabeth Bacon Custer. In July of 1866 Custer was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the Seventh Cavalry. The next year he led the cavalry in a muddled campaign against the Southern Cheyenne. In late 1867 Custer was court-martialed and suspended from duty for a year for being absent from duty during the campaign. Custer maintained that he was simply being made a scapegoat for a failed campaign, and his old friend General Phil Sheridan agreed, calling Custer back to duty in 1868. In the eyes of the army, Custer redeemed himself by his November 1868 attack on Black Kettle's band on the banks of the Washita River. Custer was sent to the Northern Plains in 1873, where he soon participated in a few small skirmishes with the Lakota in the Yellowstone area. The following year, he lead a 1,200 person expedition to the Black Hills, whose possession the United States had guaranteed the Lakota just six years before.

[USMCBOMBGUY]

Preview didn't help much, I apologize for my formatting, my HTML needs some work.

[Soaring Feather]

Good morning/afternoon everyone.

[quietolong]

From:

Wurstfest headliner dies of cancer
http://web.herald-zeitung.com/story.lasso?wcd=13383

>>>> The family has asked that in lieu of flowers, donations be made to a special fund that will be set up to benefit the United Service Organization or USO, which books entertainment for American troops overseas. <<<<

Myron Floren, accordion player on 'The Lawrence Welk Show,' dies
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/1449301/posts

[Professional Engineer]

Good morning ladies. Flag-o-Gram.

[Professional Engineer]

Hi miss Feather

Bittygirl has been saying, "tickle, tickle, tickle" the last few days. I've no idea where that came from.

[alfa6]

A Sunday afternoon Bump for the Freeper Foxhole

I wonder if the gents in the F-O-G are going to have to do the FOD walkdown?

Regards

alfa6 ;>}

[Iris7]

Speaking of Phil Sheridan, Custer's boss, now THERE was a hard boiled egg.

Some folks say that Custer looks like a bipolar disorder, a "manic-depressive". I think we are too far away in time to make such judgments. (Don't like psychobabble history.)

Wouldn't surprise me, though.

I say, so what if he had a peculiar streak. He defeated Jubal Early at Waynesboro, March 28-29 of 1865, where Custer in independent command routed Early's infantry division, capturing 1,500 men, seventeen battle flags, all the Rebel guns, and over two hundred wagons. Custer's total losses were nine men, killed and wounded altogether. Respectable, what? I kind of like the consarned old varmit.

[SAMWolf]

Morning Snippy, as much as I've read about Custer I don't remember hearing about his Court Martial. I learned something new today. :-)

[Professional Engineer]

I brought two coffee mugs home from my visit to the Wisconsin.

Here's the first.

We discovered an interesting feature of the second one. This image taken w/o flash due to mug properties.

[Professional Engineer]

I wonder if the gents in the F-O-G are going to have to do the FOD walkdown?

I had the same thought when I saw the brass on deck. LOL

[USMCBOMBGUY]

Monument atop Custer Hill

Custer had some success I will give you that. Custer also had some major failings and was very over eager. Many of Custer’s officers were related to him, I wonder if he had some officers who could have tempered his ego if things would have been different. The original plan that Custer blew was sound.


In 1876, Custer was scheduled to lead part of the anti-Lakota expedition, along with Generals John Gibbon and George Crook. He almost didn't make it, however, because his March testimony about Indian Service corruption so infuriated President Ulysses S. Grant that he relieved Custer of his command and replaced him with General Alfred Terry. Popular disgust, however, forced Grant to reverse his decision. Custer went West to meet his destiny.


Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer



Indian village lay on the flats, and amidst the timber, on the west bank of the Little Bighorn River




The original United States plan for defeating the Lakota called for the three forces under the command of Crook, Gibbon, and Custer to trap the bulk of the Lakota and Cheyenne population between them and deal them a crushing defeat. Custer, however, advanced much more quickly than he had been ordered to do, and neared what he thought was a large Indian village on the morning of June 25, 1876. Custer's rapid advance had put him far ahead of Gibbon's slower-moving infantry brigades, and unbeknownst to him, General Crook's forces had been turned back by Crazy Horse and his band at Rosebud Creek.

Sitting Bull
On the verge of what seemed to him a certain and glorious victory for both the United States and himself, Custer ordered an immediate attack on the Indian village. Contemptuous of Indian military prowess, he split his forces into three parts to ensure that fewer Indians would escape. The attack was one the greatest fiascos of the United States Army, as thousands of Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors forced Custer's unit back onto a long, dusty ridge parallel to the Little Bighorn, surrounded them, and killed all 210 of them.
Custer's blunders cost him his life but gained him everlasting fame. His defeat at the Little Bighorn made the life of what would have been an obscure 19th century military figure into the subject of countless songs, books and paintings. His widow, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, did what she could to further his reputation, writing laudatory accounts of his life that portrayed him as not only a military genius but also a refined and cultivated man, a patron of the arts, and a budding statesman.

[snippy_about_it]

Good morning Aeronaut.

[snippy_about_it]

(((Hugs)))

[snippy_about_it]

There is no insignificant task in the church.

True of service to our Lord and true of any service to our military.

[The Mayor]

BTTT to that !

[U S Army EOD]

Custer was kind of like JFK, the only thing that made him really famous was getting killed.

[U S Army EOD]

Moore's unit was the same as Custer's old unit.

[snippy_about_it]

Hal's group was renamed the 7th, 1st of the 7th. Then there is 2nd of the 7th and then there's....Oh my. I hope if there are any curses from Custer that Hal chased them away!

[snippy_about_it]

LOL. You just needed to break up the paragraphs with line breaks.

We use < br >< br > so as not to change any font color or < p > if we aren't using any special fonts. (Don't use spaces within the brackets, I've only done it here so it would show up.)

Otherwise it's fine. :-)

[snippy_about_it]

Thanks for the links.

[snippy_about_it]

Good afternoon feather.

[snippy_about_it]

Oh yeah!!

[snippy_about_it]

I kind of like the consarned old varmit.

LOL. Remind you of you?

[snippy_about_it]

I learned something new today.

When I can teach you something then I know I've hit pay dirt!

[snippy_about_it]

Nice cups. Where's mine. :-)

[snippy_about_it]

Well dang, forget my html instructions, this is great. Thanks for the pics and info.

[Valin]

On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on July 24:
1380 Giovanni da Capistrano Italian monk who liberated Belgrade from the Turks. Later cannonized a saint as San Juan de Capistrano
1759 Victor Emmanuel I King of Sardinia (1802-21)
1783: Simon Bolivar, freed 6 Latin American republics from Spanish rule
1796 John Middleton Clayton Delaware, (Sen-Del)/US Sec of State (1849-50)
1802 Alexandre Dumas Villes-Cotterêts France, author (3 Musketeers)
1827 Julius Adolph de Lagnel, Brig General (Confederate Army), died in 1912
1842 Ambrose Bierce Ohio, writer (Nuggets & Dust)
1878 Lord Dunsany(Edward JMD Plunkett) Ireland, dramatist/poet (Mirage Water)
1895 Robert Graves England, poet/historical novelist (I, Claudius)
1898 Amelia Earhart aviatrix Atchison, Kansas
1900 Zelda Fitzgerald 1st wife of F Scott
1902 Nora Swinburne England, actress (Quo Vardis, Dinner at Ritz, River)
1916 Bob Eberly Mechanicsville NY, singer (Jimmy Dorsey Band)
1920 Alexander H Cohen NYC, Broadway producer (Beyond the Fringe)
1920 Bella Abzug (Rep-D-NY)
1932 William D Ruckelshaus headed Environmental Protection Agency
1934 Willie Davis NFL defensive end (Cleveland Browns, Green Bay)
1935 Adnan Khashnoggi Saudi businessman/financier
1936 Mark Goddard Lowell Mass, actor (Don West-Lost in Space)
1936 Ruth Buzzi Westerly RI, comedienne (Laugh-In, Margie-That Girl)
1939 Bob Lilly NFL defensive tackle (Dallas Cowboys)
1951 Lynda Carter Phoenix Az, Miss USA/actress (Wonder Woman, Billie Jo)
1953 Steve Grogan NFL QB (New England Patriots)
1958 Pam Tills, Country music artist
1964 Barry Bonds, Riverside CA, left fielder (Pirates, SF Giants, 3X MVP)

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Deaths which occurred on July 24:
1842 John Sell Cotman, landscape painter, dies

1862 Martin Van Buren 8th pres, dies in Kinderhook NY

1883 Matthew Webb, English Channel swimmer, drowns above Niagara Falls
1900 Ferdinand Hamet, Dutch missionary in Mongolia, murdered at 59
1950 Robert W Lehnhoff, [Executioner of Groningen], SS fuhrer, executed
1954 Mary Church Terrell educator/civil rights leader, dies at 90
1966 Montgomery Clift actor, dies at 45
1972 Bobby Ramirez drummer (White Trash), killed at 23 in bar brawl
1974 Chris Chubbock newscaster shoots self on air
1980 Peter Sellers dies at 54
1991 Isaac Bashevis Singer Nobel prize winning author, dies at 87
1997 William J Brennan, supreme court justice (1956-90), dies at 91
1997 Antar Zouabri (26), the chief of the Armed Islamic Group killed in Algeria
1999 Shoukry Ayyad, Egyptian poetry critic, died at age 78.("The Hero in Literature and Fables," "Language and Creativity.")

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GWOT Casualties

Iraq
24-Jul-2003 4 | US: 4 | UK: 0 | Other: 0
US Corporal Evan Asa Ashcraft Mosul - Ninawa Hostile - hostile fire - ambush
US Private 1st Class Raheen Tyson Heighter Mosul - Ninawa Hostile - hostile fire - ambush
US Sergeant Juan M. Serrano Baghdad Non-hostile - vehicle accident
US Staff Sergeant Hector R. Perez Mosul - Ninawa Hostile - hostile fire - ambush

24-Jul-2004 2 | US: 2 | UK: 0 | Other: 0
US Specialist Nicholas J. Zangara Bayji (near) - Salah ad Din Hostile - hostile fire - IED attack
US Lance Corporal Vincent M. Sullivan Al Anbar Province Hostile - hostile fire


Afghanistan
A Good Day

http://icasualties.org/oif/
Data research by Pat Kneisler
Designed and maintained by Michael White
//////////
Go here and I'll stop nagging.
http://www.taps.org/
(subtle hint SEND MONEY)

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On this day...
1487 Citizens of Leeuwarden Neth. rebel against ban on foreign beer
1505 On their way to India, a group of Portuguese explorers sack the city-state of Kilwa.
1534 Jacques Cartier lands in Canada claims it for France
1554 Queen Mary of England marries Philip II, king of Spain
1567 Mary, Queen of Scots, is imprisoned and forced to abdicate her throne to her 1-year-old son James VI.
1651 Anthony Johnson, a free black, receives grant of 250 acres in Va
1673 Edmund Halley enters Queen's College, Oxford, as an undergraduate
1679 New Hampshire became a royal colony of the British crown
1683 1st settlers from Germany to US, leave aboard the Concord
1701 Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac establishes Fort Ponchartrain for France at present-day Detroit, Michigan.
1704 Admiral George Rooke takes Gibraltar from the Spanish.
1758 George Washington admitted to Virginia House of Burgess
1783 Georgia becomes a protectorate of tsarist Russia
1799 William Clark (of Lewis & Clark) is willed the slave York
1791 Robespierre expels all Jacobins opposed to the principles of the French Revolution.
1824 Harrisburg Pennsylvanian newspaper publishes results of 1st public opinion poll. Clear lead for Andrew Jackson
1847 Brigham Young & his Mormon followers arrive at Salt Lake City, UT
1847 Rotary-type printing press patented by Richard March Hoe, NYC
1861 Skirmish at Taylor Mountain, (W)VA - CS Gen Wise retreats
1863 Battle at Battle Mountain, Virginia
1864 Battle of Winchester, VA (casualties US1200 CS600)
1866 Tennessee becomes 1st Confederate state readmitted to Union
1870 1st trans-US rail service begins
1877 1st time federal troops are used to combat strikers
1897 African-American soldiers of the 25th Infantry Bicycle Corps arrive in St. Louis, Mo., after completing a 40-day bike ride from Missoula, Montana.
1900 Race riot in New Orleans, 2 white policemen killed
1915 Excursion ship Eastland capsizes in Lake Michigan, 852 die
1919 Race Riot in Washington DC (6 killed, 100 wounded)
1923 Allied Powers & Turkey sign peace treaty, Lausanne (Article 39 allowed Turkish nationals to use any language they wished in commerce, public and private meetings, and publications. The treaty specifically protected the rights of the Armenian, Greek and Jewish communities.)
1925 Scopes guilty of teaching evolution in a Tn HS, fined $100 & costs
1929 NY to SF footrace ends (2« months) winner was 60 year old Monteverde

1929 Pres Hoover proclaims Kellogg-Briand Pact which renounces war (Great moment in diplomacy #937)

1933 K Reinmuth discovers asteroids #1645 Waterfield, #1668 Hanna, #1726 Hoffmeister, #2136 Jugta & #2158
1934 1st ptarmigan hatched & reared in captivity, Ithaca, NY
1936 118ø F, Minden, Nebraska (state record)
1936 121ø F, near Alton, Kansas (state record)
(It's HOT in July! OMG we're all gonna die!)
1937 Alabama drops charges against 5 blacks accused of rape in Scottsboro
1941 Nazi massacre entire Jewish population of Grodz Lithuania
1943 RAF bombs Hamburg (20,000 dead)
1944 Soviet forces liberate concentration camp Majdanek
1945 US destroyer Underhill torpedoed West of Guam
1945 U.S. Navy bombers sink the Japanese (hybrid) battleship-carrier Hyuga off Kure, Japan
1948 4 Duluth Mn. Dukes (St Louis Cards Class C farm team) die in crash
1948 Soviets blockades Berlin from the west
1950 V-2/WAC Corporal rocket launch; 1st launch from Cape Canaveral
1950 The U.S. Fifth Air Force relocates from Japan to Korea.
1952 112ø F, Louisville, Georgia (state record)
1952 Pres Truman settles 53-day steel strike
1956 Comedy team of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis split
1959 VP Nixon argued with Khrushchev, known as "Kitchen Debate"
1961 Roger Maris hits 4 home runs in a doubleheader

1961 1st US commercial plane is hijacked to Cuba

1965 Bob Dylan release "Like a Rolling Stone"
1965 Casey Stengel resigns as manager of the NY Mets
1967 Beatles sign a petition in The Times to legalize marijuana
1967 Charles de Gaulle says 'Vive le Qu‚bec libre! Long live free Quebec!'
1969 Apollo 11 returns to Earth
1969 Hoyt Wilhelm pitches in a record 907th major league game
1969 Muhammad Ali is convicted for refusing induction in US Army on appeal
1972 Jigme Singye Wangchuk becomes king of Bhutan at 16
1974 Supreme Court unanimously rules Nixon must turn over Watergate tapes
1975 Apollo 18 returns to Earth
1978 Billy Martin resigns as Yankee manager after "the one is a born liar the other a convicted one" comment about Steinbrenner & Jackson
1979 Red Sox Carl Yastrzemski hits his 400th HR
1983 Pine Tar Game, Brett's HR disallowed against Yanks (overturned)
1985 Gandhi signs peace contract with Sikh leader Harchand Singh Longowai
1986 SF Federal jury convicts navy radioman Jerry Whitworth of espionage
1987 IBM-PC DOS Version 3.3 (updated) released
1987 Hulda Crooks, a 91-year-old mountaineer from California, becomes the oldest woman to conquer Mount Fuji.
1990 Ms. Magazine hits the newstands again after an 8 month haitus
1990 Iraq, accuses Kuwait of conspiring to harm its economy through oil overproduction, masses tens of thousands of troops and hundreds of tanks along the Iraqi-Kuwaiti border
1991 U of Manchester scientist announce finding a planet outside of the solar system
1994 Miguel Indurain wins Tour de France
1995 A suicide bomber set off an explosion in a crowded commuter bus in Tel Aviv, Israel, killing six people.
1996 Two bombs blamed on Tamil separatists ripped through a commuter train near Colombo, Sri Lanka, killing 64 civilians and wounding more than 400.
1998 A gunman burst into the U.S. Capitol, opening fire and killing two police officers before being shot and captured. Russell Weston Jr., diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic, was found incompetent to stand trial.
2000 Georgia Governor Zell Miller (D) appointed to the late Republican Paul Coverdell’s(R) Senate seat
2001 A Chinese court sentenced two U.S. residents to 10 years in prison on charges of spying for Taiwan. (China released Gao Zhan and Qin Guangguang two days later.)
2001 Larry Silverstein signs a $3.2 billion, 99-year lease for the NYC World Trade Center.
2002 US House votes 420-1 to oust Rep. James Traficant, Ohio (D). Traficant was sentenced to 8 years in prison July 30.
2002 9 Pennsylvania coal miners are trapped by a flood 240 feet underground. All 9 were rescued Jul 27
2004 An online statement by a group representing itself as al-Qaida's European branch threatened to turn Australia into "pools of blood" if it doesn't withdraw its troops from Iraq. (And Blah Blah Blah)

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Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Denmark : Midsummer Day
Ecuador, Venezuala : Bolivar Day (1783)
Idaho, Utah : Pioneer Day (1847)
Spain : Valencia Fair Day-Battle of the Flowers
Virgin Islands : Hurricane Supplication Day (Monday)
Instant Coffee Day; just add water to enjoy!
Women Aviators Day
National Tennis Month

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Religious Observances
RC : Commemoration of St Christina, virgin/martyr
Ang : Commemoration of Thomas … Kempis, priest

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Religious History
1216 Cencio Savelli was consecrated Pope Honorius III. During his 11-year pontificate,he confirmed two well-known religious orders: the Dominicans in 1216 and the Franciscansin 1223.
1550 French-born Swiss reformer John Calvin wrote in a letter: 'If you make a constantstudy of the word of the Lord, you will be quite able to guide your life to the highestexcellence.'
1725 Birth of John Newton, an English slave ship's captain. He was converted at age 22, and entered the Anglican ministry. Newton is remembered today as author of severalenduring hymns, including 'Amazing Grace' and 'Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken.'
1819 Birth of Josiah G. Holland, American writer who in 1874 authored the Christmas hymn, 'There's a Song in the Air.'
1918 On Mt. Scopus in Jerusalem, the cornerstone for Hebrew University was laid by Dr.Chaim Weizmann. (Weizmann was later elected first president of the modern state of Israel.)

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.

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Friends Mount Billboard for Bachelor

SALT LAKE CITY (AP) -- The friends and co-workers of Lance Archibald say it's time for him to get hitched. To help the process along, they've mounted a billboard campaign and created a Web site where interested women can log in and apply to be selected for a date. The billboard is located on Interstate 15 near Lindon, about 40 miles south of Salt Lake City.

"I'm Lance, Lets go out!" the billboard reads.

The Web site gives biographical information, a photo gallery and testimonials of Archibald's date-worthiness from those well-meaning friends and co-workers.

So why the concern over Archibald's marital status? As a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, whose members typically marry in their early 20s, the 31-year-Archibald is approaching a status as the male-equivalent of an 'Old Maid.'

"It kind of came out of discussions we had, that Lance is such a good guy but not married," said Morgan Lynch, CEO of LogoWorks, where Archibald is the director of marketing. "Someone threw out the idea of getting a billboard."

The sign went up a week ago. Archibald first saw while riding shotgun with a co-worker on a lunch-run plan to cruise him past his Mount Rushmore-sized mug.

"His eyes got bigger, and he leaned forward and said, 'What in the world?' " co-worker Noelle Bates said. "I think he was shocked that we actually pulled it off."

Friends say Archibald is marriage material: He's tall, handsome, has a degree from Brigham Young University - where he played on the school's basketball team - and the Harvard business school. He's also a returned missionary for the Mormon church.

"Team DateLance," the cadre of friends and co-workers behind the scheme are screening date applications. The site asks interested women to describe themselves, including age, occupation and personality, and to describe their ideal date with Archibald.

So far, the Web site has received more than 1,500 hits, with several women vying for a date. "We're still taking submissions," Bates said. "As much as we thought it'd be funny, we're serious about this."
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On the Net:
http://www.datelance.com

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Thought for the day :
"Adventure is worthwhile in itself."
Amelia Earhart

[USMCBOMBGUY]

Thats Great! What a great bunch of friends........No pressure!!

[PAR35]

attained, by battlefield commission, the rank of General. However, After the war ended, the commission was revoked and reverted to the rank of Captain.

I'm not sure about this terminology. He was brevetted to Major General in the regulars in the War of Northern Agression, so I'm not sure it is correct to say the commission was revoked, since he was never commissioned to that rank - he held it by warrant.

I'll yield to any experts on brevetted rank, however.

[USMCBOMBGUY]

Interesting catch, I don't know but I am wondering if the terminology is correct, he was a commissioned officer, they didn't revoke the commission just the rank. But then he wasn't commissioned to the rank of......interesting.

[U S Army EOD]

Actually we were similar to that even when I was in during the 60's and 70's. You had your temporary rank in the Army of the United States and you had your permanent rank in the USAR or Regular Army. This is how you could make 03 in only two years but it took about six years to make it as RA or USAR. I was passed over for my O4 in Army of United States during the reduction in force after Vietnam. After my year group went through four reduction in forces the remaining ones still on active duty, only 18% were selected. If you were USAR you were out on the street. If you were RA you could stay in till your RA promotion came up. I made it later on with the USAR which had more strict selection criteria than the one I was passed over on. I don't think they do it like that anymore.

[Colonial Warrior]

Nice post anyway.

Most of us are still learning HTML too!

Thank you for your service to our Country!

[USMCBOMBGUY]

Thank you for the support.
I am trying to get it down. I am completing my degree and one of my classes requires posting assignments to a forum. I have been doing my best to drive the instructor nuts with my posts.

[Colonial Warrior]

Yup...I too remember those days.

EOD right?

Please pass these on to our guys...want to be sure all the terrorists have a nice day!! [grin!]

[snippy_about_it]

What is a Brevet promotion?

A brevet rank was an honorary promotion given to an officer (or occasionally, an enlisted man) in recognition of gallant conduct or other meritorious service. They served much the same purpose that medals play today (our modern system of medals did not exist at the time of the Civil War).

A brevet rank was almost meaningless in terms of real authority. For example, a major who was a brevet colonel collected the pay of a major, wore the uniform of a major, could not give orders to lieutenant colonels, and was only eligible for commands that normally fell to majors. But he was allowed to use the title of colonel in his correspondence.

In addition, there were some unusual circumstances where brevet rank carried authority. For instance, when a force consisted partly of Regular troops and partly of state militia, command would go to the officer with the highest brevet rank (who might neither be the highest ranking regular officer nor the highest ranking volunteer!).This came up during the Mexican War on some occasions, and seems to have been designed to allow Regular officers with brevets (implying experience) to assume command over higher-ranking militia officers who had neither experience nor brevets.

An officer could also claim his brevet rank when serving on court-martial duty. Since an officer cannot be tried by officers ranking lower than himself, using brevet ranks allowed more people to qualify as possible court members.

During the war itself, brevets were very difficult to get and were a sign of valor, but on March 13, 1865, the War Department gave one brevet and sometimes two to nearly every officer on duty with the army. This angered many officers and men, who saw it as trivializing the efforts of men who won brevets in combat. (J.L. Chamberlain mentions this in his memoirs, for instance.)

Like regular ranks, brevets were kept separately for the U.S. Volunteers and the U.S. Army. Thus one man could have four ranks: an actual Volunteer rank, a brevet Volunteer rank, an actual Regular rank, and a brevet Regular rank. Brevets in the Regular army were sometimes used to honor men who had already been brevetted Major General in the Volunteers and could not be brevetted again (in the Volunteers), as no brevet Lieutenant Generals were created during the war (Winfield Scott had been made Brevet Lieutenant General [of Regulars] during the Mexican War).

Brevet ranks were authorized for the Regular Army in the Articles of War of 1806; they were authorized for the US Volunteers on March 3, 1863. Partly as a result of dissatisfaction with the end-of-war brevet giveaway, brevet promotions were discontinued in 1869; although officers who had been given brevets before that date continued to use them. They were reinstated for the Spanish-American war and continued in use until after World War I.

The Confederate army did not award brevet promotions.

Sources:
Stephen Schmidt, James Epperson, and Justin Sanders
Brevet Promotions
US Civil War FAQ 2.8

Boatner's Civil War Dictionary

Historical Times Encyclopedia of the Civil War

1806 Articles of War

Discussion of several Mexican War situations involving brevet ranks in The Mexican War 1846-1848 by K. Jack Bauer.

[USMCBOMBGUY]

Outstanding! thank you for the enlightenment.

[Colonial Warrior]

The Army has a similar policy today, called Frocking in which an officer is permitted to wear the rank of a higher grade.

All the privileges go with the frocking rank, but not the pay or benefits toward retirement.

Frocking is tightly controlled by the Department of Army. There are many conditions that must be met. For example, the officer to be frocked must be on a current promotion list, etc.

[USMCBOMBGUY]

The Marine Corps has the same frocking policy. I believe in addition to the requirements you mention you also have to hold a billet of the grade you are being frocked to, at least for the Marine Corps. It is also possible to be frocked in the enlisted grades in the Marine Corps, this is only done for First Sergeant and Sergeant Major though.

[U S Army EOD]

The system we had also began with an F. Which is the way it turned out for most USAR on active during Vietnam. The Army put out a magazine by the name of FOCUS and in the first issue they announced the reduction in force. I could not think of a more appropriate name for the magazine at that time.

[Colonial Warrior]

You are correct. Actually, there are several requirements you must meet.

Entering into a billet (position) requiring the higher rank is another of those requirements.

[USMCBOMBGUY]

Does the Army frock enlisted as well?