Schiavo Judge To Be Honored

GREER does not know the law. He's a politician and had no prior experience in probate and guardianships when he took the job. He was unopposed and got in. He's sneaky and crafty but he doesn't know the law.

Criminal Statutes 825.102 HE COMMITTED A FELONY RIGHT THERE and the President, the Congress, Jeb Bush and on down the line "let him" to it. MURDER ONE.

Just HOW old were you, Ohioan, in 1945?

Estelle Browning was Felos' client. Why don't you tell the entire story for the folks? Felos imo helped the Fla Supremes enact changes in the law for Estelle. He sure brags about it enough. Bag of hot air and not a god as he claims he is.

The Cost-Effectiveness of Killing:

An Overview of Nazi "Euthanasia"

John E. Gardella, MD

In the public debate over legalized euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, opponents of such measures often invoke the history of medicine in Nazi Germany as an example of the danger in these practices. Those who invoke the "Nazi analogy" suggest that the sanctioning of euthanasia could lead to the wholesale destruction of those whose lives are deemed valueless or burdensome to society. Supporters of assisted dying on the other hand refer to the "Nazi albatross," and argue that the modern understanding of euthanasia bears little resemblance to the Nazi program.(1) This paper will review the history of the Nazi euthanasia program, will review its historical roots, and will contrast Nazi "euthanasia" with contemporary proposals for assisted dying.

Some writers, including Plato and Nietzsche, advocated killing the sick and the nonproductive for the economic benefit of society,(2) but the most detailed book justifying medical killing appeared in Germany in 1920 authored by the law professor Rudolf Binding and the professor of medicine Alfred Hoche. Their treatise entitled "Permitting the Destruction of Unworthy Life" prefigured the Nazi effort to rid society of the nonproductive.(3) Binding and Hoche presented not only an ethical rationale for medical killing, but also developed procedures for the selection of candidates for death.

In the opening segment of this book, the jurist Karl Binding argued for the practice of mercy killing, and finally for a "more general permission" for legalized destruction of human life.(4) Binding argued that mercy killing of the terminally ill "merely replaces the present cause of death with a different one which has the advantage of painlessness. This is not an act of killing in the legal sense but is rather the modification of an irrevocably present cause of death which can no longer be evaded. In truth it is a purely healing act."(5) The experience of the World War I was clearly a factor in Binding's thinking as he argued for a "more general permission" for killing:

Reflect...on a battlefield strewn with thousands of dead youths.... Compare this with our mental hospitals, with their caring for their living inmates. One will be deeply shaken by the strident clash between the sacrifice of the finest flower of humanity in its full measure on the one side, and by the meticulous care shown to existences which are not just absolutely worthless but even of negative value, on the other. It is impossible to doubt that there are living people to whom death would be a release, and whose death would simultaneously free society and the state from carrying a burden which serves no conceivable purpose....(6)

Professor Binding also set forth very specific procedures by which permission for medical killing could be granted. While he argued that "the state can never take the initiative in mercy killings," he advocated the formation of a government board consisting of two physicians and one lawyer to evaluate applications for mercy killings.(7) Presumably applications for mercy deaths would have originated from family members, since those with "incurable idiocy" would have been incompetent to participate in the application process.(8) Unanimity by the board would have been required before the patient could be granted "final release."(9)

In the second part of this treatise, Dr. Hoche wrote from the standpoint of medical ethics: What the physician may do...emanates from peer opinion, which holds that physicians are obligated to observe the universal ethical norms, and to heal the sick, eliminate or mitigate pain, and preserve and prolong life as much as possible.(10)

But Dr. Hoche pointed out that the "most universal principle is not without exception," and that physicians may in some instances be compelled to destroy life "in the interest of a higher good." He then went on to define those who may be killed "for a higher good," including "complete idiots," and the institutionalized mentally ill who are "empty human shells," whose "existence weighs most heavily on the community."(11) While Dr. Hoche justified killing such patients, clearly the "higher good" for which their lives were to be forfeited was economic:

In part, this burden (of caring for the institutionalized) is financial and can be readily calculated by inventorying annual institutional budgets. I have allowed myself to take up the task of collecting materials bearing on this question by surveying all relevant German institutions, and thereby I have discovered that the average yearly cost for maintaining idiots has till now been thirteen hundred marks. ...[I]t is easy to estimate what incredible capital is withdrawn from the nation's wealth for food, clothing and heating --- for an unproductive purpose.(12)

In his conclusion, Dr. Hoche wrote that a "mentally dead person," being incapable of higher cerebral function, has no "subjective claim to life" and can be sacrificed in the name of "a higher civil morality."(13) The Binding-Hoche book was controversial and their proposals for the destruction of "worthless" lives did not gain widespread support in German medicine. Critics of their treatise spoke against the "utilitarian shopkeeper" mentality exhibited by Binding and Hoche.(14) While the fledgling Nazi party did not specifically refer to the Binding-Hoche treatise in any public statements or writings, "euthanasia" was endorsed by Hitler in a most extreme form. In a speech before the Nuremberg Party rally on August 5, 1929 Hitler was explicit:

If Germany were to get a million children a year and were to remove 700-800,000 of the weakest people then the final result might be an increase in our strength. ...As a result of our modern sentimental humanitarianism we are trying to maintain the weak at the expense of the healthy. It goes so far that a sense of charity, which calls itself socially responsible, is concerned to ensure that even cretins are able to procreate while more healthy people refrain from doing so, and all this is considered perfectly understandable. Criminals have the opportunity of procreating, degenerates are raised artificially and with difficulty. And in this way we are gradually breeding the weak and killing off the strong.(15)

With the Nazi assumption of power, the first effort to rid society of inferiors was the Sterilization Law of July 14, 1933. The law, modeled after American legislation, mandated the involuntary sterilization by vasectomy or tubal ligation of those suffering from "genetic" diseases. At the time, genetic diseases were thought to include alcoholism, "feeblemindedness," and a variety of mental disorders. During the 1930s, it is estimated that some 400,000 people were sterilized in Germany for these reasons. To further the cause of population growth, the regime severely restricted access to contraception, and outlawed voluntary sterilization as well as abortion unless performed as a life-saving measure.(16) These measures were inadequate for the Nazi leadership which advocated more drastic means of racial purification.

More aggressive means of ridding German society of the non-productive were not long in coming. According to post-war testimony by Dr. Karl Brandt, at the 1935 Nuremberg Party Congress, Hitler informed the Reich Doctors' Leader, Gerhard Wagner, that in the event of another world war he would take up the question of euthanasia and "solve the problem of the asylums in a radical way."(17) Hitler expected that in the upheaval of war the opposition of the churches would be muted. At this same Party Congress, Dr. Wagner assailed the doctrine of equality, which valued the lives of the sick, and the "unfit" on a par with the healthy. While not specifically mentioning euthanasia, Wagner went on to emphasize the high cost of caring for the "genetically disabled," and to point out how such care was diverting resources from the "healthy members of the population." Dr. Wagner assured his listeners that measures were being taken to reverse this trend.(18)

In August 1939, the Interior Ministry sent a confidential directive to doctors, midwives, and other health officials ordering them to register all children under three with congenital malformations or mental deficiency. Information on these children was sent back to Berlin where it was reviewed by a panel of three medical experts who decided whether the child was to be killed. The decision was made without any direct examination of the children, and without the consent of the infant's parents or guardian. Those children selected for death were transported to one of the designated killing centers in Germany. The parents were led to believe that the transfers were to allow for "the best and most efficacious treatment available." After the children arrived, the process of euthanasia was delayed for weeks to convey the impression that treatment was being rendered. The actual killing process was often initiated by innuendo and was accomplished with escalating doses of luminal. Dr. Hermann Pfannmuller did not waste medications on his "patients," but rather chose to starve them to death, thereby ridding Germany of "a burden for the healthy body of our Volk." The parents of the deceased child were informed via form letter that the infant had died of pneumonia or another fabricated cause and that the body had to be cremated immediately to lessen the chance of epidemic.(19)

While the children's program was initially restricted to three years olds and younger, this age limit was soon broadened. Extending the killing to adults was done via a "Fuhrer decree" from Hitler to Reich Leader Philip Bouhler and Dr. Karl Brandt in October 1939; no law was ever debated or passed by the Reichstag authorizing medical killing. Hitler's decree did not require any physician to participate in the euthanasia program, but rather "extended the powers" of specific doctors to grant a "mercy death" to those "deemed to be incurable." The decree was backdated to September 1, 1939 to cover the initial phases of the invasion of Poland during which some 4,000 adult mental patients were shot by Einsatzgruppen.(20)

Within Germany itself, camouflage organizations were set up to cover the financing of the operation and the transport of mental patients to the killing centers. The entire operation was named Aktion T4 after Tiergarten 4 --- the address of a confiscated Jewish home in Berlin which housed the administrative offices of the project. Forty-eight doctors were recruited to review nearly 300,000 applications for euthanasia from the psychiatric centers; of these about 75,000 patients were selected for death. In January of 1940, Dr. Karl Brandt, Dr. Leonardo Conti (the successor to Dr. Gerhard Wagner) and others tested a novel means of mass killing --- the administration of carbon monoxide in a gas chamber disguised as a shower. This "experiment" was conducted at the psychiatric hospital at Brandenburg much to the satisfaction of Viktor Brack who insisted that future gassings be carried out under physician supervision, according to the motto: "Syringes are a matter for doctors." The experience at Brandenburg was replicated at five other psychiatric hospitals throughout Germany each of which was outfitted with a gas chamber. At the Hadamar facility, the extermination of the 10,000th patient was celebrated with a small ceremony and a bottle of beer for each of the hospital staff.(21)

Secrecy and falsification permeated every phase of Aktion T4. Despite the public deception, rumors and suspicion about the killings began to grow as early as 1940. In the spring of that year, a number of parents brought murder charges against the directors of two institutions, but the courts dropped charges when they were informed by the Reich Minister of Justice that Hitler had authorized the operation and guaranteed the immunity of the participants.(22) Some of the asylums from which mental patients were selected for killing were church-run organizations, but the churches were for the most part anxious to avoid confrontation with the Nazi regime. A few church officials were, however, unwilling to remain silent. Pastor Braune, the vice-president of the main Protestant welfare organization, personally delivered a written protest to Hitler and was subsequently arrested by the Gestapo in August 1940. The Roman Catholic Church likewise opposed the program and issued an official protest at a bishops' conference in August 1940. However most protests were behind the scenes and were aimed at seeking special favors from the regime, such as excluding Catholic priests from the program or securing an agreement to allow for the administration of the sacraments to those chosen for euthanasia.(23)

The most famous public statement against Aktion T4 came from Clemens Graf von Galen in a sermon delivered on August 3, 1941. In that sermon, the Catholic bishop spoke in accurate detail about the workings of the euthanasia program and condemned its underlying rationale:

Have you, have I, the right to live only so long as we are productive.... If you establish and apply the principle that you can kill 'unproductive' fellow human beings, then woe betide us all when we become old and frail! ...If one is allowed to forcibly remove one's fellow human beings then woe betide loyal soldiers who return to the Fatherland seriously disabled, as cripples, as invalids.(24)

The concern about the fate of wounded soldiers was valid, for it was rumored that mercy killings of this kind were happening. Galen's sermon, much to the distress of the Nazi leadership, was copied and circulated by the thousands. Not long thereafter, Hitler issued an order halting Aktion T4. It is uncertain whether this was done in response to these protests or because Aktion T4 had met its goals. Whatever the reason, Hitler's order only ended the gassing of mental patients.(25) Mass murder, however, was barely underway.

From 1941 onward, mental patients were killed by neglect and starvation and when this method proved too slow, progressive doses of luminal or morphine and scopolamine were used. This phase of "wild euthanasia," as it was called in Nazi documents, was sanctioned by authorities in Berlin. The selection process was not longer centralized, but was carried out by individual physicians using their own discretion, but always using the criterion of productivity. Sometimes patients were selected to die because they were difficult to manage or exhibited homosexual behavior. It is not known how many patients died in this phase of "wild euthanasia," but it clearly numbered in the tens of thousands. Apart from the mentally ill and handicapped children, "wild euthanasia" was extended to sickly slave laborers, children from reform schools, and the elderly --- especially those in institutions for the poor.

Euthanasia found its way to the concentration camps under the program code-named 14f13. 14f referred to the code number for the Inspectorate of Concentration Camps, and 13 referred to the "special treatment of sick and frail prisoners." The program was devised by Himmler and Philip Bouhler and was designed to rid the camps of sick prisoners. Prisoners were selected for "special treatment" by roving T4 doctors, who then transferred those selected to the remaining gassing centers at the psychiatric hospitals. The euthanasia program thus perfected the means and methods for mass murder; its personnel and techniques were soon to be used for the killing of millions in "the final solution of the Jewish question The links between the 14f13 operation and the Holocaust are obvious. Both were designed to rid German society of the unwanted, and the euthanasia program had demonstrated the feasibility of mass killing to accomplish this goal. It is not surprising then, that when the decision was made to murder all European Jews and other unwanted ethnic minorities, the gas chambers at the psychiatric institutions were disassembled and reconstructed at Treblinka, Auschwitz, and the other death camps. The personnel including the doctors and nurses who ran the killing apparatus at the psychiatric hospitals were transferred to the death camps in the East. The first commandant of Treblinka was Dr. Imfried Eberl who had demonstrated the feasibility of mass killing with carbon monoxide at the psychiatric institution at Brandenburg.(27_

The euthanasia program was finally halted with the capitulation of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In 1946, 26 doctors and public health officials were prosecuted in Nuremberg in what has been termed the "Doctor's Trial." While the murder of German civilians and other nationals under the guise of euthanasia was part of the indictment, the prosecution focused on the doctors' role in human experimentation. This tactic was chosen because survivors of the medical experiments were available to give testimony. In charging the physicians with euthanasia, the Nuremberg prosecutors argued that the doctors had violated the international rules of warfare, the Hague Convention and the German Criminal Code. In the prosecution's view, the Hitler decree of September 1, 1939 did not have the force of law, and violated the German Criminal Code. Furthermore, the prosecutors argued that Dr. Brandt et al had violated even the Binding-Hoche criteria for euthanasia which held that the "mentally dead person" in lacking a will to live could be put to death for the good of the state. According to the prosecution, the coercion and deception that permeated every phase of the euthanasia program would have been unnecessary had the victims or their families desired a "mercy death."(28)

The doctor-defendants never expressed any regret, nor did they deny their actions. They argued that they were following lawful orders and that in the euthanasia program they were motivated by the desire "to solve an old medical problem." In addition, the physicians argued that in a time of struggle for national survival, exceptions to ordinary moral standards were justified. The doctors argued that it was justifiable to call upon individuals to forfeit their lives for the sake of national preservation. The Nuremberg tribunal did not respond to each argument set forth by the defendants but rather responded with the Nuremberg Code which emphasized the primacy of the informed, voluntary consent of the patient in governing physician behavior. The Code rejected the utilitarian argument that the few may be involuntarily sacrificed for the benefit of the many.(29)

Clearly Nazi "euthanasia" differed in many respects from modern practices and proposals for assisted dying. While the "Fuhrer decree" of September 1, 1939 allowed physicians to grant a "mercy death" to those with incurable illness, in practice Aktion T4 sacrificed the lives of the handicapped for the sake of collectivist goals. The program had little if anything to do with mercy and everything to do with saving money and freeing medical resources for the German war effort. In their quest for savings, Nazi doctors ignored their patients' self-determination, and deceived family members about the fate of their loved ones. In the Nazi era, quality of life judgments were made, not by patients or family members, but rather by central planners guided by utilitarian principles. In making their life or death decisions, the Nazi doctors judged the quality of their patients' lives only in the narrow sense of whether they were productive and of value to the state. Put differently, the Nazi doctors applied benefit-cost analysis by weighing the value of their patients to the state against cost of caring for them. Finally in contrast to the contemporary euthanasia debate, Aktion T4 was developed in a totalitarian dictatorship which never exposed this policy to public scrutiny and cloaked every phase of the program in secrecy and deception.

The philosopher Peter Singer has written that the Nazis never did have a euthanasia program in the proper sense of the word.(30) They did, however, have an amoral but cost-effective method of dealing with the financial burden of the chronically ill. It has been suggested that our medical profession finds itself on a slippery slope as we become more accepting of assisted dying. A review of the Nazi experience with "euthanasia" demonstrates that our medical profession can fall victim to pervasive moral corruption when doctors place the needs of the state above the needs of individual patients. It is easy to read this history with a sense of moral superiority, but one wonders how our government and medical profession would respond to the burden of caring for the non-productive in a time of economic calamity and struggle for our national survival.

References

1. Humphry D. and Wickett A. The Right to Die. Eugene, Oregon, Hemlock Society, 1987, pp. 20-32.

2. Emanuel E. Euthanasia: Historical, Ethical and Empiric Perspectives. Archives of Internal Medicine 1994;154:1890-1901.

3. Binding K. and Hoche A. Permitting the Destruction of Unworthy Life. Trans. Walter E. Wright. Issues in Law and Medicine 1994;8:231-265.

4. Ibid., p. 242.
5. Ibid., p. 240.
6. Ibid., p. 246.|
7. Ibid., pp. 251-253.
8. Ibid., p. 248.
9. Ibid., p. 252.
10. Ibid., p. 256.
11. Ibid., pp. 256-261.
12. Ibid., pp. 260-261.
13. Ibid., p. 262.

14. Burleigh M. Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany 1900-1945. New York, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. 21-22.

15. Noakes J. and Pridham G. (editors). Documents on Nazism, 1919-1945. New York, New York, Viking Press, 1975, p. 1002.

16. Proctor R. Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1988, pp. 95-117.

17. Noakes and Pridham, op. cit., p. 1004.
18. Proctor, op. cit., pp. 181-182.

19. Lifton R. The Nazi Doctors. New York, New York, Basic Books, 1986, pp. 51-62.

20. Noakes and Pridham, op. cit., p. 1021.

21. Ibid., pp. 1018-1021.

22. Proctor, op. cit., pp. 191-194.

23. Noakes and Pridham, op. cit., pp. 1034-1035. P> 24. Ibid., p. 1038.
25. Ibid., p. 1039.
26. Ibid., pp. 1043-1046.
27. Lifton, op. cit., pp. 123-124.

28. Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremburg Military Tribunals Under Control Law No. 10. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949, pp. 804-818.

29. Caplan A. The Doctor's Trial and Analogies to the Holocaust in Contemporary Bioethical Debates. in Annas G. and Grodin M. (editors). The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code. New York, Oxford University Press, 1992, pp. 265-270.

30. Singer P. Practical Ethics. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 213-217. Dr. Gardella practices internal medicine at Presbyterian-Matthews Hospital in Charlotte, North Carolina. E-mail: JohnG6557@aol.com. This article was published in the Medical Sentinel, Volume 4, Number 4, July/August 1999, pp. 132-135.

Terri was murdered. Dying is inevitable but MURDER IS NOT.

Stear clear of Pinellas and Pasco County if you think someone is going to beat you up or strangle you.

Sure are alot of parallels in there that are quite chilling.

Lawyers and doctors and politicians.

They haven't changed much.

No, he's playing "show and sell." (Not a misspelled word.)

The event is at a Country Club on May 5th. If you wanted to freep the country club easement/sidewalk, you'd have to make plans to go to New Port Richey, Fl for this coming Thursday.

Otherwise, the W. Pasco Bar Assn. probably has a web site or email address, OR visit the www.flabar.com and click on member directory. You can type in the name of the head of the W. Pasco Bar Assn (lawyer) and just EMAIL THEM A BUNCH...they endorse starvation and theft by giving Greer an award. He's an actor allright, an actor in a crime.

Answer the question. Your lack of action when you had the ability to change the outcome makes you guilty of what?

Murder?

They want more. What else could they possibly want now? Wasn't that diabolical or thrilling enough for them that Terri and her family were tortured and suffered horribly?

Being that it's become an obession for you, the real question is, what do YOU want now?

I've read weeks of complaining, bitching, crying, insulting, EXPOSING, yelling screaming, name calling and claim after claim, protests out the yazoooo, a complete take over of certain boards and insults that have driven some to quit FR..........but little direction and no hint at closure. So what do you want? The world to be a better place? Greer's head? Everybodies head? Or do you just want to jump around like a 4 year old who lost his favorite toy?

Terry Shiavo isn't coming back. Now what?

PS,, keep the name calling and inane assumptions to a minimum. Thanks.

The judge did his job allright. he did just what SENATOR JIM KING TOLD HIM TO DO. This is about MONEY AND POWER. It has nothing to do with the rule of law. Greer is a lawless scumbag. But, the money's good.

William, your essays are worthless, imo. As foul to the mind in reasoning and feel as the excutioner's pean at a wake of one he executed.

the emaciated human vegetable donald herbert Your ideas are no better than "what is left of a nearly dead accident victim, artificially alive" -- for example a man who suffered 6 minutes of lack of oxygen, brain trauma and other injury, unable to talk, to recognise, to feed himself. For TEN years we, the public, have had to struggle to keep that human vegetable alive. The same as vegetable Schiavo, eh? The State is damn right to slaughter her, by your wondrous (not) essays, and the State should have slaughtered him years ago.

Donald Herbert.

the emaciated human vegetable terri schindler Should the State that finds your essays the worthless prideful trash they are, find you the generator of those essays as worthless -- as worthless as some rotting vegetable? On the basis of your essays how can we say you enjoy life? Better off dead. Why make us suffer -- or yourself. You may have been a fine man one day long ago -- now just as hollow as your essays -- so the all important *Localality*, the State, may rule, eh? And what in G-d's greean earth to stop them -- for your own mighty logic is the petard's carry shaft they may impale you with.

You are fanatic in self-pride -- that is the fantasically overblow fanaticism you have grown in yourself like some cancer, imo. Cut it out! Cut out that tumor, and know rot for what it is.

FLORIDA CONSTITUTION, ARTICLE 1, SECTION 2. Basic rights.--All natural persons, female and male alike, are equal before the law and have inalienable rights, among which are the right to enjoy and defend life and liberty, to pursue happiness, to be rewarded for industry, and to acquire, possess and protect property; except that the ownership, inheritance, disposition and possession of real property by aliens ineligible for citizenship may be regulated or prohibited by law. No person shall be deprived of any right because of race, religion, national origin, or physical disability.

Terri reacted on March 18th upon learning that her feeding tube was being removed. She started crying because she wanted to live and the police threw the family (the real blood family) out of her room and then the tube was removed.

TERRI WANTED TO LIVE but Judge Whittemore who is a friend of strip king Joe Redner didn't want to bother with her. why would a judge who's friends are atheists want to save an innocent woman? Redner's friends, the Atheists of Florida and the ACLU which Redner is a member of also applauded Judge Whittemore for sticking it to the congress and to the president, to the Schindlers AND TO TERRI.

There is plenty of evil to go around in Florida. Judge Whittemore is just as GUILTY as Judge Greer. James D. Whittemore, not his honor, his weirdness is more like it.

Every generation seems to have its share of persons whose bloodlust finds expression via "legal" avenues". The early years of the prior century had the likes of Margaret Sanger. The Nazis had their Hoche and Binding and Pfannmuller. Today we have the likes of Felos and Singer and Greer. If history teaches us anything, it is that along with those who conceive of such diabolical schemes, there will be butchers around to carry them out. Once they get a taste of killing, their bloodlust tends to eventually become insatiable. You've got doctors now in the Netherlands making arbitrary decisions to kill infants based on some preposterous assumption of "quality of life". In this country, we have judges "culling" the rolls at the other end of the spectrum. It won't take much for that to start eroding away the "middle part" of the distribution.

And Hitler wasn't a rogue leader, too. Nor Stalin, nor Mao. All officially recognised! All dotted i's and crossed t's.

When did Hitler ever personally shoot a man against him? No -- like Greer, he just issued legal orders.

Yep.

I hope Greer is always remembered as the judge who ordered the murder of Terri Schiavo.

There was no thorough litigation. That's a hoot. There was a lot of litigation but it was not thorough. It was BIASED AND THE DECK WAS STACKED AGAINST TERRI. Judge Greer should be in jail but his friends run the county and the state. they don't want to step on his toes because then their toes will get stepped on too. ALL REPUBLICANS!!! Republicans killed Terri, not democrats.

dudette, Terri NEVER HAD AN ATTORNEY. She got less than a criminal defendant. She got EXECUTED without an attorney and without new testing. A fireman woke up today after a ten year coma. He's catching up. Greer said NO to new testing to see Terri's current state and Greer said NO to see if she could take any nutrition by mouth.

One thing you can say about Greer, "GREER SAID NO." He's getting an award for saying "no." He's a bottom feeder. He's a scumbag.