Posted on 03/10/2009 10:40:28 AM PDT by Lorianne
I'd say, 'governments at all levels are usually responding to entrenched business interests. Which can be the corner hot dog stand that makes street vending illegal. That is not the purpose of American government. It exists for one purpose only: to preserve individual liberty.
There is conflict, naturally, but when that main goal is no longer served you no longer have an American Revolution. It is a return to some form of monarchy.
In our case a kleptocracy masked by the "Rule of Law".
Time value is a primary and primitive phenomenon. Men prefer the services of goods today to those they have to wait to enjoy, naturally and not due to any movement in prices or any contractual opportunitities offer to them. Because that preference is always naturally there and operating, and regardless of the direction of movements in the price level, capital has value. It is, in fact, the specific origin of the excess of the value of capital goods over their immediate cost of production.
Consumption is not an evil that men have been seduced into engaging in by imaginary, nefarious forces. It is the purpose of economic activity. Deferring consumption in order to enjoy more later is not moralizing abstension for the sake of self denial or training of the will, it is a purely pragmatic affair for the sake of greater consumption tomorrow, or a greater security for a given level of ongoing consumption, against unavoidable fluctuations in income, success or failure of productive activities, etc.
The way in which deflation operates is quite different and the causal chain runs in the other direction, initially. When men raise their savings rate deliberately to defer consumption and ride out shocks to the whole productive system, and do so at the same moment when productive activities have proven less successful that usual, they necessarily drive the supply of savings higher at a time when the returns available to pay for it are low. They necessarily accept low returns on savings to do this. At the same time, their safety purposes in the matter cannot be achieved by taking large risks. Thus forms of investment perceived as safe are flooded with capital, while forms perceived as risky are starved for it (since they are showing recent losses at such times, etc).
Overall, it is a variety of trend following behavior, that is not a rational allocation but rear-view mirror thinking. Objectively the returns offered to riskier understakings are highest at that time, when no one is engaging in them and capital to do so is objectively plentiful. And conversely.
But it must run its course. The savings rate will tick up until men are satisfied with the new portion of their income being saved not spent. After that has happened, the higher returns available to riskier investments will begin to pay off, as demand stabilizes (the savings rate stops increasing). The gains from the higher savings rate from new capital available to all, are reaped in the first place by those brave enough to have taken risky positions despite the general smash, and not by the savers themselves. Gradually as that is realized and risk-taking spreads, portions of the overall rewards from higher savings will fall to the savers, as different investors bid to borrow their capital, and as savers agree to take some risks, etc.
The other way in which deflation hurts is simply by falsifying past plans and by reallocating real values away from new incomes to past nominal debts. Existing debt loads increase in weight, having been contracted at rates that expected modest nominal inflation instead. Mortgage rates e.g. were 6% because prices were expected to rise 3% and a real rate of 3% was required to call up the capital. When instead prices fall 3% a year instead, the real cost of the capital turns out to be 3 times what was anticipated when the loan was initially agreed (6% nominal plus the lender being repaid in more valuable money, instead of less). This would produce a large transfer from borrowers to lenders - but typically cannot be met and so produces a messy reallocation scramble instead, with some lenders getting 6 nominal plus 3 price change but other facing defaulting debtors who repay them nothing, or collateral worth 50% what it was worth before, etc.
Long dated nominal term contracts thus shift violently in real effects. But this happens not as a result of the sign of the change in the price level (negative for a deflation), it happens simply because the inflation forecasts of the contracting parties proved to be false. An unexpected inflation has precisely the same effects in the opposite direction, and can be just as damaging. (It leads to losses to holders of long term bonds rather than borrowers, but those have owners and other claimants themselves, thus all the usual default issues can arise in either direction).
Notice, though, that the problem above depends on the forecast being wrong over a material period. A momentary dip in prices followed by a return to their expected course has no such effects. Indeed, it is when men capitalize some short term trend, extrapolating it indefinitely, that large consequences appear for present values. Very often they are quite wrong to do so. Future prices are not going to drop 3% a year forever just because they dropped 3% last year. Instead, a better forecast is that year to year prices will be random with some slightly positive mean - and any long term contract will get a whole bunch of those randoms, sampled independently, and approximating that mean over the long run. If men kept that well in mind, most of the excesses of these short term fluctuations would scarcely matter.
Instead human psychology is such that men swing to extremes of optimism and pessimism based on quite recent experience, and project whatever just happened to them into the future indefinitely. Objectively, falling prices of houses or financial assets are reason to buy those assets, for example - they future returns from doing so have necessarily increased - and increases in their prices are reasons to sell them or buy less, instead. This is a clear mathematical law, yet men often do the opposite. It is pure pavlovian training. Recent pain outweighs reasoning.
It is not, in other words, a morality tale. It is largely a cognitive issue - and not a flattering one. The men involved are evil or corrupted. Too many of them are simply flat stupid and doing the wrong things, which won't help them very much. But it passes.
As the government continues to bailout bail out every bank in existence and pass larger stimulus's stimuluses (or stimuli?), all of the Dollars being squirreled away around the world will soon come out all at once.
I agree. It’s very poorly written. Given things I’ve read lately, even in major newspapers and magazines, you’d think there would be a glut of jobs out there for people who can actually write.
What could replace it? All currencies are relative to the dollar. Though my response is somewhat tongue-in-cheek playing on the words used to describe some Zombie Banks I believe it to be true.
A Global currency, which the idea is being bantied about now. I’m not so confidant that the Dollar will forever be the world standard.
Not enough gold.
I've read that increasing numbers can't read.
Gold looks set to move substantially higher as governments all around the world embark on a programme of "quantitative easing"
By Ian Williams
Last Updated: 2:18PM GMT 10 Mar 2009
Last July I wrote an article for telegraph.co.uk suggesting that gold had lagged other commodities in general and oil in particular and that gold would hit $2,000 an ounce over the next two or three years.
At the time oil was trading at $140 a barrel and using the gold/oil ratio I suggested that either oil was far too high or gold at around $900 was too low.
Since then all other commodities have collapsed in value, with oil showing the most spectacular collapse of all, falling to $35 a barrel, while gold is now higher with the price having moved up to about £1,000 an ounce.
[snip]
The British pound is about $1.38, which would be about $1380 an ounce. Gold dropped below $900 today. Ian is only off by about 50%.
Why is any particular amount needed?
The USA has 8,100 tons of gold, or 260,421,047 troy ozs.
The USA has a money suppply (M1) of $1.5 Trillion.
Do that math and you get a price of $5,500 an oz.
It a one time conversion, I don’t see that the price matters.
Stock up on instead:
food
medicine
ammo - good trade good that may become illegal
beer - widely accepted
alternative currencies in cash form
car oil - - good trade good that may become hard to get
freon / cleaning supplies
I wouldn’t call them stupid. Fear is a natural reaction. Of course, courage is not the absence of fear, but the control of it.
It takes real courage to invest against the herd and logic is not a natural human trait. You have to be trained to it and some are more attuned than others.
If it were not so, who would be inspired by Kipling?
Nope. That would be post 42.
Considering the audience it doesn’t really matter.
That's why you're a goldbug.
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