Posted on 06/24/2009 10:54:57 PM PDT by neverdem
Had Americans been able to stop obsessing over the color of Barack Obama's skin and instead paid more attention to his cultural identity, maybe he would not be in the White House today. The key to understanding him lies with his identification with his father, and his adoption of a cultural and political mindset rooted in postcolonial Africa.
Thanks, although history isn’t everyone’s favourite subject, without the background...how can we understand the present? I will continue to tell the story.
WIKI: "It has a striking white brick facade and was known as the "Waldorf Astoria of Harlem." From the time it opened until 1940, the hotel accepted only white guests plus a few black celebrities. This changed when the hotel passed to new management.
Louis Armstrong, Sugar Ray Robinson, Lena Horne, Josephine Baker, Dorothy Dandridge, Duke Ellington, Muhammad Ali, Dinah Washington, Ray Charles, Little Richard, and Jimi Hendrix all stayed in the Hotel or lived there for a time, as did Fidel Castro, while in New York for the 1960 opening session of the United Nations, after storming out of the Hotel Shelburne because of that hotel manager's "unacceptable cash" demands.[1] Castro's entourage rented 80 rooms at the Theresa for $800 per day.[2]
The hotel profited from the refusal of prestigious hotels elsewhere in the city to accept black guests. As a result, black businessmen, performers, and athletes were thrown under the same roof.
After leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X maintained his competing Organization of Afro-American Unity at the hotel and hosted meetings there. He met Cassius Clay in the hotel on various occasions.
Bill Clinton's commerce secretary, Ron Brown, grew up in the hotel, where his father worked as manager. U.S. Congressman Charles Rangel (D-Harlem) once worked there as a desk clerk.
The hotel may have enjoyed its greatest prominence in 1960. Nikita Khruschev visited New York in that year, during the week when Castro was staying in Harlem, and came to meet him in the hotel. Also, in October 1960, John F. Kennedy campaigned for the presidency at the hotel, along with Eleanor Roosevelt and other powerful figures in the Democratic Party.
"...Malcolm moved to New York City where, to support himself, he became a numbers runner, a drug dealer, even a pimp. He wore zoot suits and dyed his hair red, which earned him the nickname 'Detroit Red.' He relocated to Boston again where he organized a robbery ring that was uncovered by the police in 1946, and he was sentenced to eight to 10 years in prison.

...Malcolm used the time behind bars to educate himself in the prison library where he learned the fundamentals of grammar and increased his vocabulary. It was here that a few inmates introduced Malcolm to a new religion and movement, The Nation of Islam. Malcolm's younger brother, Reginald, already a member, visited him and told him about Islam and about Allah. Much of what Reginald said confused Malcolm, but two phrase took root in his head, "The white man is the devil" and "The black man is the brainwashed." Malcolm learned that if he wanted to join, he would have to accept its theology and submit completely to its founder and leader, Elijah Muhammad.
Inspired by the new direction his life was taking, Malcolm wrote Elijah Muhammad a heartfelt letter about himself and why he wanted to join. Elijah wrote back welcoming Malcolm to the faith. He instructed Malcolm to drop his last name, which his ancestors inherited from a slave owner and replace it with the letter X which symbolized that his true African name had been lost. In 1952, Malcolm was finally paroled from prison. Rather than returning to the life of crime, Malcolm committed himself to learning more about his new religion. "...In 1958, Malcolm married Betty Shabazz, a Muslim nurse and together they had four daughters (plus two more born after his death).
In the early 1960s, Malcolm learned of paternity suits filed by two women of the Nation of Islam who worked for Elijah Muhammad as his secretaries. Determined to get to the bottom of the rumors about Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm met with the two women and later privately with Elijah Muhammad who did not deny the accusations against him as he did publicly but justified his actions by comparing his with other Biblical figures as David and Noah who suffered from "moral lapses". Elijah's response left Malcolm dissatisfied and contributed to his growing disenchantment with the Nation of Islam...
"...The number one weapon of 20th century imperialism is zionist-Dollarism, and one of the main bases for this weapon is zionist Israel. The ever-schemingEuropean imperialists wisely placed Israel where she could geographically divide the Arab world, infiltrate and sow the seed of disension among African leaders and also divide the Africans against the Asians.
Zionist Israel's occupation of Arab Palestine has forced the Arab world to waste billions of precious dollars on armaments making it impossible for these newly independent Arab nations to concentrate on strengthening the economies of their countries and elevate the living standard of their people...
DEATH AND AND TRANSFIGURATION.LINK.
Malcolm X had been a pimp, a cocaine addict and a thief. He was an unashamed demagogue. His gospel was hatred: "Your little babies will get polio!" he cried to the "white devils." His creed was violence: "If ballots won't work, bullets will."
Yet even before his bullet-ripped body went to its grave, Malcolm X was being sanctified. Negro leaders called him "brilliant," said he had recently "moderated" his views, blamed his assassination on "the white power structure" or, in the case of Martin Luther King, on a "society sick enough to express dissent with murder." Malcolm's death, they agreed, was a setback to the civil rights movement.
In fact, Malcolm X in life and in deathwas a disaster to the civil rights movement.
the story continues...
Many thanks for your excellent work, Fred Nerks.
Ping.
Note: Save....Bookmark/Save To File/Copy
Violation of the Logan Act and very un-American
"The African colonial politician (ACP) feigns repulsion towards the hegemonic paradigms of Western civilization. But at the same time, he is completely enamored of the trappings of its aristocracy or elite culture." And we see it writ large with Barry's Michele's non-official opulent excesses. Sadly, the affirmative action figure's destruction of the American economy in service to his paymaster, Soros, and his mental master, Alinsky (w/ Cloward-Priven overshadowing) is perhaps more than the nation will be able to recover from and may sound the death of the Constitutional Republic.
Odd that, since the lying bastard is supposed to be a 'constitutiona scholar' yet has so little regard for the principles of a Constitutional Republic that he has set about to destroy it.
God have mercy upon America; it's a cinch our foreign and domestic enemies are not going to.


I swore I would never see the Movie Malcom X but I recently got it on DVD and watched it. It is a real eye opener as to the similarities of these two.
Thanks Fred for all your work.
Thanks, the story will continue. I’ll ping to the next episode.
thanks, I will ping you to the next episode.
Given the number of so-called "Constitutional scholars" who seem to be out to destroy rather than understand and preserve the Constitution, I'm developing a real suspicion of this group of people.
Fred,
Thank you for your diligent research on this.
Please add me to your ping list.
Thanks.
God Save America!
Wolverines!!!!
Then I gave it a bit of thought.
No afro-marxist despot would stop at the lowly rank of Colonel, bammy would have to be a General at the very least, but with his hyperinflated ego Field Marshal would be much more likely.
All hail Field Marshal and President for life, hussein I.
/retch
Thank you for the research, links and info. Nice job!
Kenyan Student Airlift. The Frank Marshall Davis Network.Obama Snr. US expats/Ghana
GHANA POST IDEPENDENCE POLITICS.
-----------------END RECAP. STORY CONTINUES:
Pages From History: Malcolm X When He Came To Ghana In 1964

Malcolm X of the Muslim Mosque, Inc. and Shirley Graham DuBois, Director of Ghana National Television, at her villa in Accra, Ghana during Malcolm's visit in May 1964. DuBois had thrown a reception in his honor.
The Making Of A Pan-African: Kwame Nkrumah In America
"...In his autobiography, Ghana, Nkrumah recalled that he acquainted himself with as many political organizations that I couldthat is, groups concerned with black rights and Africaincluding the National Urban League and the NAACP.
It was the latters special research office that would prove most significant to his pan-African future. It was headed by the brilliant scholar Dr. W. E. B. DuBois, a co-founder of the NAACP, founder and longtime editor of its organ, The Crisis.
Du Bois has been called the Father of Pan-Africanism in the 20th century (though Trinidadian barrister Henry Sylvester Williams, convener of the first Pan-African Conference in 1900, has a better claim to the title).
Nkrumah met DuBois near the end of his sojourn in America, about the time the elder intellectual returned to the NAACP after breaking with it a decade earlier over his advocacy of temporary self-segregation. Keenly interested in the possibilities for colonial freedom in the wake of the Second World War and the creation of the United Nations, DuBois considered the special research office as sort of a foreign affairs department of the NAACP.
Nkrumah also worked with the Council on African Affairs, co-founded by African American social worker Max Yergen and the renaissance man of the 20th century, Paul Robeson...
~SNIP
"...In April 1945, he helped the venerable DuBois organize an international Colonial Conference at the old Schomburg Library in Harlem. This little-known conclave was something of a dress rehearsal for the historic Fifth Pan-African Congress, which both men helped to mount in Manchester, England, in October of that year.
One of the continental Africans who assisted them would become yet another father of an African nation: Jomo Kenyatta, known as Mzee (wise old man), later the first president of independent Kenya.
Synthesis
Though close to DuBois, Nkrumah also found inspiration in one of his mentors old nemesesthe president-general of the Universal Improvement Association and the African Communities League of the World (UNIA-ACL), the largest black mass movement in modern times, a man considered by millions to be a Black Moses.
In a famous passage from his autobiography, Nkrumah recalled: But I think that of all the literature that I studied, the book that did more than any other to fire my enthusiasm was Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey. Garvey, with his philosophy of Africa for the Africans and his Back to Africa movement, did much to inspire the Negroes of America in the 1920s.
Thus, this young continental African embraced the two great streams of Western pan-Africanism: Garveys global nationalist vision of Africa for the Africans, those at home and those abroad, and DuBois continental vision of a socialist Africa.
In time, Nkrumah would achieve something that neither of these historic rivals would likely have contemplated or approveda novel synthesis of their competing, yet not wholly uncomplimentary, visions of a free, united, and socialist African nationality.
African American Imprint
After Ghana became independent, Nkrumah expressed his profound debt to Garvey and DuBois.
He resurrected and made ubiquitous the UNIAs black star symbol. Ghanas capital square, the old polo grounds, bore its name, and the symbol sat in the center of the nations flag. Moreover, the flags colors were based on the UNIAs red, black and green standard.
An even more direct link was the Black Star Steamship Line, named after Garveys ill-fated attempt to link the black world in commerce...
Kwame Nkrumah, founder of modern Ghana

Dr. Kwame Francis Nwia Kofie Nkrumah, was a pan-Africanist, and a member of the activist group known as 'The Big Six', and one of the founders of the United Gold Coast Convention. In 1957, Nkrumah became the first President of Ghana after independence from colonial rule from Britain, serving until February 1966, when he was removed from power in a coup d'etat.

Kwame Nkrumah (far left) with the other founders of the UGCC, who became known as 'The Big Six' - after Nkrumah (from left to right) stands Emmanuel O. Obetsebi-Lamptey, Dr Ebenezer Ako-Adjei, Nana William Ofori Atta, Dr Joseph Boakye Danquah, & Edward Akufo-Addo. Ironically, despite this picture of unity against colonial rule, the other five men would all eventually be imprisoned during Nkrumah's administration, with two dying while in custody.
However, by the mid-1960s, despite his accomplishments in developing the African community, Nkrumah's domestic rule had became negative, and later, almost despotic & dictatorial. At the time he ascended to power, the newly independent Ghana had one of the strongest economies in Africa, but by the time he lost power, Ghana was heading towards economic ruin, as a combination of corruption & inefficiency, and his attempts to industrialize Ghana came at the expense of the previously strong-performing cocoa-producing sector. Costly, and largely unsuccessful public works programs also took their toll on the economy...
Thanks again, Fred Nerks, for all your photos and additions to this important thread. Bookmarked.
Ping to # 70:
>>>> The Rise & Fall & Rise of Pan-Africanism
Kenyan Student Airlift. The Frank Marshall Davis Network.Obama Snr. US expats/Ghana
GHANA POST IDEPENDENCE POLITICS.
GHANA. NKRUMAH.DU BOIS.
THE HOTEL THERESA STORY.
SOMETHING ABOUT MALCOLM X
Malcolm X continued
-————————END RECAP. STORY CONTINUES:
Pages From History: Malcolm X When He Came To Ghana In 1964 <<<<
I am so impressed and grateful for your commitment to this topic, Fred Nerks.
Looking forward to the continuing story.
Thanks, LucyT for all the pings!
Please add me to the list as well...

"...He imagines miserable failures to be great successes and a credit to him. He confesses the loss of nearly a million dollars of poor peoples money and that there is nothing left but debts. He confesses the utter loss of every vessel of his, Black Star Line, and then boasts of the success of his shipping line. In one breath he says that all three of his ships are gone; that there is nothing left out of nearly $1,000,000 but debts. In another breath he states that if it hadnt been for our enemies, we would now have twenty vessels instead of three. He still seems under the delusion that he has three. He has a court reception, divides Africa in which he or his movement hasnt one foot of ground into duchies and makes knights and ladies and dukes. Those presented to him must bend the knee before him. Arrayed in royal garb, he and his court assemble on an elevated dais while the common people are below, kept away from him by armed guards. Here is clearly a case of delusions of grandeur. Could a symptom be more characteristic?...
"...But as soon as Nkrumah won independence and drove the British out of Ghana, one of his first acts was to sign the Black Star Line into being. Nkrumah told them, "You laughed at Garvey, but you will never laugh at us." And he signed in the Black Star Line, which was to travel the world as the the ocean-going fleets of Ghana, which still exist even today despite all the attacks, internal and external, that it has undergone...
Ghana, John La Rose and African revolution
ON March 6 this year, the people of Ghana marked the 50th year of their independence from British colonial rule. Ghana, the former Gold Coast, was the first British colony in Africa to achieve that revolutionary feat. That epochal event occurred in 1957, three years to that of Nigeria in 1960 and 10 years after India set the pace in 1947. The political forces and movements that facilitated the anti-colonial struggle in Africa were initiated by African-Caribbean and African-American radical thinkers and activists in the early 20th century. They included W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Aurelius Garvey, Sylvester Williams, George Padmore, C.L.R. James, and John La Rose.
~snip
"...At Ghana's independence, Nkrumah paid tribute to Garvey by choosing the black star symbol for the nation's flag and naming Ghana's football team, The Black Stars. Padmore from Trinidad and Tobago did not only coordinate the anti-colonial movement from London. He came to reside in Ghana after 1957 and until his death in 1963, Padmore was adviser to Nkrumah. C.L.R. James, the world renowned Marxist scholar, was virtually a consultant to Nkrumah and he visited Ghana many times to give talks and address political rallies. James warned Nkrumah of the dire consequences of sacking a chief judge who gave judgement against the government.
Radical thinkers and artists from North America and the Caribbean were regularly hosted by Ghana. Among them were Malcom X Shabazz, James Baldwin, and Maya Angelou from the US...
thanks, please ask LucyT to add you to her ping list...I just do the research.
“I’ve exceeded my Obama quotient for the day.”
Me too! (though my quotient is admittedly low)
Thus reading ‘Obama, the African Colonial’ brought to mind that it’ll never replace ‘Captain Spaulding, the African Explorer’.
Just a little note in passing: The school in Chicago (I think it is a charter) that Jeremigh Wright’s church has founded and that JW encouraged his children to attend and which opened last fall is named in honor of Kwame Nkrumah.

"...Trinity's own Roman-like architecture is unfamiliar for a church, which might explain why some outsiders found it cultish and strange. The congregation meets in a theater-in-the round, designed after secular buildings like the Parthenon and the U.S. Congress. Stained-glass windows flanking the entrance feature images of African-American leaders, not saints: W.E.B. Du Bois, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. There is also a glass sculpture of a man resembling Obama.
December 1959
...A year ago, young Tom Mboya from Kenya was the toast of Accra, enjoying the benevolent patronage of that would-be leader of emerging Africa, Ghana's Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah himself. The principal difference between the two men is that Nkrumah is the unchallenged boss of an independent nation of 5,000,000, almost all of them black, while Mboya, in the multiracial British colony of Kenya, is merely the leading African politician in a government where the whites run things. When Nkrumah held his All-Africa Peoples Conference, he propelled Labor Leader Mboya into the chairmanship, and the stage seemed set for a lasting alliance of Mboya's rising influence in East Africa with Nkrumah's power on the West Coast...
SOME OF THE PLAYERS TO DATE:

KENYETTA. MBOYA. OGINGA ODINGA.
Oginga Odinga was the father of Raila Odinga, for whom Barack Obama campaigned in Keyna. Kenyetta was a student in the US at the same time as Nkrumah was also a US student.
Biography: Thomas Joseph Mboya
In 1960 Jomo Kenyatta was still being held in detention. Kenyatta, a Kikuyu, was considered by a majority of Kenyans to be the country's nationalist leader, but there was great potential for ethnic division amongst the African population. Mboya, as a representative of the Luo, the second largest tribal group, was a figurehead for political unity in the country. Mboya campaigned for Kenyatta's release, duly achieved on 21 August 1961, after which Kenyatta took the limelight.
Kenya achieved independence within the British Commonwealth on 12 December 1963 -- Queen Elizabeth II was still the head of state. One year later a republic was declared, with Jomo Kenyatta as president. Tom Mboya was initially given the post of Minister for Justice and Constitutional Affairs, and was then moved to Minister for Economic Planning and Development in 1964. He remained a defiant spokesman for Luo affairs in a government heavily dominated by Kikuyu.
Mboya was being groomed by Kenyatta as a potential successor, a possibility which deeply worried many of the Kikuyu elite. When Mboya suggested in parliament that a number of Kikuyu politicians (including members of Kenyatta's extended family) were enriching themselves at the cost of other tribal groups, the situation became highly charged.
On 5 July 1969 the nation was shocked by the assassination of Tom Mboya by a Kikuyu tribesman. Allegations linking the assassin to prominent KANU party members were dismissed, and in the ensuing political turmoil Jomo Kenyatta banned the opposition party, the Kenya People's Union (KPU), and arrested it's leader Oginga Odinga (who was also a leading Luo representative).
for anyone interested...
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/2278969/posts?page=78#78
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/2278969/posts?page=79#79



...On a hot July weekend nearly 40 years ago, Barack Obama Sr. was shopping on a busy Nairobi street when he ran into his friend and mentor Tom Mboya, one of Kenya's most charismatic political leaders. The two chatted for several minutes and Obama kidded him that his car was illegally parked.
I told him, 'You are parked on a yellow line. You will get a ticket," Obama, the late father of the US presidential candidate, would later testify, according to press accounts at the time. And then the two men parted.
Minutes later, Mboya was shot twice and died in a pool of blood. It was a crime that convulsed the newly independent nation and would, in Obama's eyes, trigger a steep decline in his own promising career. Then 33, and a freshly minted government economist, he testified in the ensuing trial, an act which probably enraged those responsible for Mboya's assassination.
Obama, according to one friend, was convinced he had been targeted for murder after his testimony.
"He said he had been hit by a car not long ago and left for dead," said Pake Zane, 66, who attended the University of Hawaii with Obama and had not publicly discussed their 1974 conversation until now. "He did not say specifically who had done it, but he said it was the same people who killed Mboya." ...
MALCOLM X - BARACK OBAMA (snr)- OGINGA ODINGA
By Norman (Otis) Richmond
El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcolm X) was assassinated 44 years ago, on February 21, 1965, because of his attempt to internationalize the African American struggle for self-determination.
Malcolm would have been 84 years old on May 19, 2009. Africans in New York City have made a pilgrimage to Malcolm's gravesite every year since February 21, 1966. While it is unlikely that U.S. President Barack Obama will acknowledge Malcolms joining the ancestors, people from Cape Town to Nova Scotia and Brazil to Brixton definitely will.
Unlike other U.S. presidents, President Obama knows who Malcolm was and what he stands for. Like many males with African roots President Obama was moved by Malcolms life story. A cursory reading of his autobiography, Dreams from My Father will prove this point.
President Obama is truly an African American; parts of his roots are with the Luo people in East Africa. The Luo are an ethnic group in Kenya, Eastern Uganda, and Northern Tanzania. The Luo are the third largest ethnic group (13%) in Kenya, after the Kikuyu (20%) and the Luhya (17%). The Luo and the Kikuyu inherited the bulk of political power in the first years following Kenya's independence in 1963.

When Malcolm visited African in 1964 he visited Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. It was during that trip that he met with Kenyan President Jomo Kenyatta, Ugandas president Dr. Milton Obote, President Julius K. Nyerere and Muhammad Babu of Tanzania. Babu, Malcolm and Leroi Jones (now Amiri Baraka) held a meeting during this period in New York City. Malcolm talked about meeting President Kenyatta, Malcolm however, was also aware of Kenya s Oginga Odinga.
When Malcolm was killed in 1965 Kenyatta was still in power and Odinga and Kenyatta were still comrades. Jaramogi Ajuma Oginga Odinga (1911 January 20, 1994) was a Luo Chief, who became a prominent figure in Kenya's struggle for independence...
BARACK OBAMA SNR - MBOYA - KENYETTA - NKRUMAH - OGINGA ODINGA - MALCOLM X
"...He was during this period also an active member of a group of African, Caribbean and American intellectuals who included C.L.R. James, Eric Williams, W.A. Wallace Johnson, Paul Robeson, and Ralph Bunche. A good number of streets in Nairobi were named during his presidency after those early black-emancipation intellectuals .
"...Kenyatta also acted as an extra in the film Sanders of the River (1934), directed by Alexander Korda and starring Paul Robeson.

"...So why in the world did Paul Robeson agree to take a role that seems to pretty obviously debase himself and proved to be something of an embarrassment in an otherwise very distinguished career? A documentary on the disc titled "True Pioneer: The British Films of Paul Robeson" helps answer the question. Robeson and his wife moved to England in the late 1920s, after he had already become famous in the USA as a powerful stage actor and singer. He basically left the States in order to escape the blatant racism that he believed deterred him from pursuing the kinds of artistic opportunities that interested him. England at that time had a lot more to offer, though as he learned, the UK was hardly without its cultural blindspots. Still, he saw the role of Bosambo in this film (which was a big budget production and a significant release in its time) as a showcase that would help bring about a greater awareness and appreciation of African people and culture.
It was also a chance to earn a significant paycheck, and also to put many of his new acquaintances to work as extras in the film. Among them was Jomo Kenyatta who would go on to become the founding father of the modern nation of Kenya. To some extent, I think we can say that Robeson succeeded, though even in its time, his participation in the movie earned him rebuke from black leaders including a notable scolding from black nationalist and anti-colonial visionary Marcus Garvey.
...Robeson returned to New York briefly in 1933 to star in the film version of Emperor Jones before turning his attention to the study of singing and languages. His stay in the United States was a short one due to his treatment by the racist American film industries and because of criticism by blacks regarding his role as a corrupt emperor. Upon returning to England, Robeson eagerly immersed himself in his studies and mastered several languages. Robeson along with Essie became an honorary members of the West African Students' Union, becoming acquainted with African students Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta, future presidents of Ghana and Kenya, respectively...



...Daviss initial contacts with Hawaiiall had extremely strong ILWU ties. (Communist party member) Paul Robesons own Hawaiiacquaintances, which he passed on to Davis, insured that when I came over, one of the first things that I got involved with―well, I met all the ILWU brass, (Communist Party executive committee member) Jack Hall and all of them, and I went―they had both of us over to various functions for them―Harriet Bouslog (Communist Party executive committee member) was also a good friend.
March 12, 2009 - Barack Obama Senior in 1962 Latest

Barack Obama (senior) was one of the featured speakers at a Mothers Peace Rally in Ala Moana Park on Sunday May 13, 1962. ILWU leaders, including Jack Hall, joined the march and rally. Obama, an African student from Kenya studying economics at the University of Hawaii Afro-American Affairs Institute, told the crowd of 350, Anything which relieves military spending will help us...Peace will release great resources...
The march for peace was featured in the May 18, 1962 issue of the VOICE OF THE ILWU. Other speakers included Patsy Mink, Thomas Gill, Ralph Vanderslice, Rev. Nicolas Dizon, Rev. Seikan Higra, Rabbi Roy Rosenberg, Rev. Delwyn Rayson, and Dr. John Mollet.
The ILWU was opposed to the escalating US involvement in Vietnam and held many activities to educate its members and the public.
The Washington Post Reported that when Barack Obama, Sr. first arrived in Hawaii he was interviewed by the Hawain Press, the reporter Hirozawa relays Obamas comments, he would study business administration and wanted to return to Kenya to help with its transition from tribal customs to a modern economy. He was concerned, he said, about his generations disorientation as Kenyans rejected old ways yet struggled with westernization.
Obama did not mention his opposition to the Westernization of Kenya in the interview - Obama was, in fact, a Marxist.
The Washington Post went on to report that, Taking a room at the Charles H. Atherton branch of the YMCA, not far from campus, Obama quickly adapted to the rhythms of student life. One of his frequent hangouts was the snack bar in an old Army-barracks-style building near his business classes. It was there that he met the Abercrombie brothers, first Neil and then Hal, who had escaped the darkness of Buffalo to attend graduate school in Honolulu, and their friends Peter Gilpin, Chet Gorman and Pake Zane. They were antiestablishment intellectuals, experimenters, outsiders, somewhere between beatniks and hippies, and they loved to talk and drink coffee and beer. Neil Abercrombie went on to become a Democratic Congressman from Honolulu, Hawai.

The Washington Post went on to elaborate on Obamas Press interview with Hirozawa, When asked if people questioned him about Kenya, he laughed and said: Oh, yes. People are very interested in the Mau Mau rebellion [a long-standing uprising against the British] and they ask about race relations in Kenya. I tell them theyve improved since the rebellion but are not perfect. They also ask if Kenya is ready for self-government. Some others ask me such questions as how many wives each man has back home, what we eat, how I dress at home, how we live, whether we have cars.
He [Obama] did not answer those questions in the story. Nor, on one matter, was he forthcoming with his friends at the university. Neither newspaper readers nor his fellow students knew that he had left a son and a pregnant wife back in Kenya.
Obama pontificated on Kenya and nationalism and colonialism and his fears about what might happen. He was very concerned that tribalism would trump nationalism, Neil Abercrombie said. And that people like himself would not be properly recognized, would not be fully utilized, and there would be discrimination and prejudice. Jomo Kenyatta [Kenya's first post-colonial leader] was a Kikuyu, and Barack and Mboya were Luo, and Kikuyu were going to run things. Wed get into it, that deeply said Abercrombie.
This writer wont speculate on whether Abercrombies memory is faulty, or the Washington Posts writers notes were in accuate, however, the historical facts are this
.. When Obama Sr. arrived in Hawaii in June 1959, future President Kenyatta was in jail in Kenya. This was a matter of discusssion in local and Internation Press. The Bristish did not call and end to the State of Emergency in Kenya until November 1959. Kenyatta was not released from jail in Kenya until July 1961, after Obama Sr. had finished his second year of studies in Hawaii. In June 1962 Barack Obama Sr finisjed his studies at the University of Hawaii, with honors and according to a report in the Honolulu-Star-Bulletin, departed Hawaii for Harvard on June 22, 1962. It wasnt until May 1963 before Jomo Kenyatta would be elected the first President of Kenya, 11 months after Obama Sr had left Hawaii. In December 1963 Kenya was granted independence. In the spring of 1964 Obama Sr completed his Masters degree at Harvard and returned home to Kenya. In December 1964 Kenya becomes a Republic. While Abercrobie and Obama may have discussed Kenya, the discussion as described, did not place in the time frame reported.



Barak Obama (center) and friends at a party given by Arnie and Suzie Nachmanoff, in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in the early 1960's

Barak Obama and his friends at a party hosted by Arnie and Suzie Nachmanoff, in the early 1960's, in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
From left to right: Arnie Nachmanoff, (Former Under Secretary of the Treasury, and host), Suzie Nachmanoff (host), Barak Obama (Kenya), Bob Ruenitz (Fromer Senior State Department official, USA), and Dorothy (USA)
Lower Photo; Taken in Hawaii in 1961 at Arnie and Suzie Nachmanoff's house (Pearl Harbor): from left to right: Kiri Tith (then Cambodia), Kitaichi (Japan), Marda (USA), Ichiro (Japan), Suzie Nachmanoff (Host, USA), Dave (USA), Kunio (Japan), Bob (USA), Rajapakse (Sri Lanka), Barak Obama senior (Kenya), Anne (USA)
A once only ping - lots more to the African Colonial story FYI.
lots more to the African Colonial story FYI.
Obama, the African Colonial - Update.
Bump Dat...
Excellent work Fred. BUMP and Bookmarked.

That's why there are sailors in the picture - and there he is, Stanley Armour Dunham in the welcoming committee.
NUKRUMAH - BLACK STAR LINE -
"...But as soon as Nkrumah won independence and drove the British out of Ghana, one of his first acts was to sign the Black Star Line into being. Nkrumah told them, "You laughed at Garvey, but you will never laugh at us." And he signed in the Black Star Line, which was to travel the world as the the ocean-going fleets of Ghana...
...In the early1960s, another friend took the Black Star Line to Ghana. It was also a freighter trip. His experience was quite a different story. It was when Ghana had recreated the Black Star Line under the then president, Kwame Nkrumah. One of the ships was the Afram River which had made a maiden voyage to the U.S. The political fervor around the relaunching of the Black Star Line impressed the black activists of the time and our friend decided to make his move to Ghana by ship where he could take all his belongings and take up his new teaching assignment. He was thrilled by the fact that the entire crew, including the captain were all Africans...
Black Star Line (State Shipping Corporation) Ghana
Operated ships registered in Israel (Zim Line). U.S. and Canadian agents: American Israeli Shipping Co.
Did the Black Star Line go to Hawaii in 1959?
you have mail
‘Remembering my friend Barak Obama
‘I met Barak, for the first time in the courses in economics that we took together at the University of Hawaii, in the early 1960s. It was not difficult to spot Barak, as he was a rare African student on the Campus at the University of Hawaii, in Manoa Valley, Honolulu.
‘His easy-going manner, especially his infectious smile, and his proud bearing struck me the most. He was always very inquisitive and active in class discussions and after classes as well.
‘Although he was not an East-West Center grantee, he was always with us, especially at a Guest House owned and operated by the Asia foundation, situated on the top of road leading to Manoa valley. Atherton House was a place where most East-West Center grantees gathered for a drink or a chat.
‘Barak and I were a part of a small group of foreign students who participated in group discussions in various places (Churches, sinagogues, junior colleges) around the campus and in town. Those discussions centered on the role and impact of former Soviet Union and China had in the developing countries. Barak, was more hopeful than I was about the role and the influence of these two major Communist countries in the developing nations in the world, because I had the opportunity to study in Europe, and in France, especially, I was more aware of the nature of communism than Barak was.
‘In these debates, Barak was always very eloquent, and enthusiastic. We often were not on the same side, when discussing Communism in the developing countries. In our disagreement, Barak was always very gracious and fair. He was a very good listener which helped a great deal in making those discussions more constructive and pleasant
‘Finally, by chance when I was a staff member of the IMF, one day, a colleague of mine who led an IMF mission to Kenya in the early 1980’s, told me that he had met a government official named Barak Obama who said he was a classmate of mine in Hawaii. I knew it was the same Barak who was my classmate at the University of Hawaii. Needless to say that I was very happy to finally be able to be in contact again with Barak, after more than ten year of silence. My IMF colleague had given me Baraks telephone number and I immediately called him in Nairobi. We had a long conversation and we were able to talk to each other a few more times until one day, when I called him and his secretary told me over the phone that he had passed away of an accident. I was shocked and sad to hear the bad news. That was the time I had talked to Barak, in the early 1980s.
‘Barak was indeed a very special human being, with a lot of dignity and character. He was a very engaging, gracious, warm, and smart person. That is how I remember my friend Barak Obama.’
Washington DC. January 2006
Naranhkiri Tith Ph.D.
http://cambodiana.org/MainreasonsofmysupportofObama.aspx
NARANHKIRI TITH Ph.D. Writes on his webpage:
Present, and Future; by Naranhkiri Tith, Ph.D.
Let me introduce myself and my family
My name is Naranhkiri Tith, I am holding both US and European citizenship (French). I was educated in Europe and North America. I am an economist by profession, and I am specialized in international economics and finance, and in country risks analysis...
~snip
...I am married to Patricia Zakian, a great and lovely person , and have one wonderful grown up daughter named Teri. I also have a lovable cat, named Mikka (female)...
http://mysite.verizon.net/vzeof03b/id29.html
NOTICE ANYTHING? HE TELLS US HIS WIFE IS NAMED PATRICIA, HIS DAUGHTER TERI AND HIS CAT IS MIKKA.
But there’s nothing in his letter ‘Remembering My Friend Obama’ about Stanley Ann in the early 1960s. Nothing. And there’s nothing about a tribal marriage and a child in Kenya.
http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/13098
Dreams from My Father, Pathology from My Mother
Excerpt:
“...Obama never needed his fathers coaching to learn to loathe America. His mother had little approbation for American traditions and values. Dunham may have been altogether earnest in her belief that socialism was the best apparatus to help the impoverished Third Worlders with whom she so identified. Dunham seems to have been imbued with the theory of the noble savage; the belief that man in his primitive state was free and good. Man was corrupted, therefore, by the accumulation of private property, leading to inevitable inequitable outcomes. The noble savage myth presupposes that civilization is the cause of corruption. Note the consistency of this line of thinking with Ikengas writings about the African Colonial.
Dunhams parents were at ease with communism. Recall their affiliations with conspicuous communists, Paul Robeson and Frank Marshall Davis...
What a year that was, when Stanley Ann Dunham graduated in the summer of 1960. What an incredible year. Castro and Kruschev at the United Nations in New York. Malcolm X met Castro at the Hotel Theresa, John Kennedy campaigned at that same hotel.


WIKI: "It has a striking white brick facade and was known as the "Waldorf Astoria of Harlem." From the time it opened until 1940, the hotel accepted only white guests plus a few black celebrities. This changed when the hotel passed to new management.
"Louis Armstrong, Sugar Ray Robinson, Lena Horne, Josephine Baker, Dorothy Dandridge, Duke Ellington, Muhammad Ali, Dinah Washington, Ray Charles, Little Richard, and Jimi Hendrix all stayed in the Hotel or lived there for a time, as did Fidel Castro, while in New York for the 1960 opening session of the United Nations, after storming out of the Hotel Shelburne because of that hotel manager's "unacceptable cash" demands.[1] Castro's entourage rented 80 rooms at the Theresa for $800 per day.[2]
"The hotel profited from the refusal of prestigious hotels elsewhere in the city to accept black guests. As a result, black businessmen, performers, and athletes were thrown under the same roof.
"After leaving the Nation of Islam, Malcolm X maintained his competing Organization of Afro-American Unity at the hotel and hosted meetings there. He met Cassius Clay in the hotel on various occasions.
"Bill Clinton's commerce secretary, Ron Brown, grew up in the hotel, where his father worked as manager. U.S. Congressman Charles Rangel (D-Harlem) once worked there as a desk clerk.
"The hotel may have enjoyed its greatest prominence in 1960. Nikita Khruschev visited New York in that year, during the week when Castro was staying in Harlem, and came to meet him in the hotel. Also, in October 1960, John F. Kennedy campaigned for the presidency at the hotel, along with Eleanor Roosevelt and other powerful figures in the Democratic Party."
Obama wrote in Dreams From My FatherStanley Ann was accepted to attend the University of Chicago. She didn't want to go to Hawaii. Her Uncle, Charles Payne was the Deputy Director at the Library at the University of Chicago. Many years later, Barack Hussein Obama taught law there. The Uncle, Madelyn's brother, was still at the University of Chicago while Obama taught there...


A good place to start a study of the 'African Colonial' history is with W.E.B. Du Bois. Du Bois became a member of the Communist Party, and after numerous visits, was invited to live in Ghana by President Kwame Nkrumah, where he died two years later and Ghana gave him an elaborate State funeral.

Shirley Graham Du Bois and Kwame Nkrumah at Du Bois' casket.
Resources on the life and legacy of W.E.B. Du Bois
1951 Indictment, trial, and acquittal of subversive activities charges brought against him by the Justice Department; marries Shirley Graham.
1951-1959 Extensive speaking, writing, and international travel; wins Lenin Peace Prize in 1958.
1961 Becomes member of the Communist Party, U.S.A. Invited to Ghana by President Kwame Nkrumah to edit the Encyclopedia Africana.
1963 Becomes citizen of Ghana. Dies on August 27th and is buried with a state funeral in Accra. Du Bois's death is announced by Roy Wilkins of the NAACP as the March on Washington begins on August 28th.
Malcolm X went to Ghana in 1959 and again in 1964. A photograph of Malcolm X with Shirley Graham Du Bois in 1964:

Malcolm X of the Muslim Mosque, Inc. and Shirley Graham DuBois, Director of Ghana National Television, at her villa in Accra, Ghana during Malcolm's visit in May 1964. DuBois had thrown a reception in his honor.
Jeremiah Wright's 'church' displays images of Du Bois, Malcolm X and a fellow named Marcus Garvey. Who was Marcus Garvey? An article entitled 'The Madness of Marcus Garvey' answers that. Briefly, he saw himself as royalty, expected to be bowed to and dressed himself in highly decorated uniforms with towering feathers on his hat...but more than that, he founded a shipping line. It reads like a huge scam, lots of blacks lost all their investments, and he would never admit that he was a failure. Even when he was down to one ship, he still maintained he was running a profitable shipping line. It's an interesting story all on its own...

..."...He imagines miserable failures to be great successes and a credit to him. He confesses the loss of nearly a million dollars of poor people's money and that there is nothing left but debts. He confesses the utter loss of every vessel of his, "Black Star Line," and then boasts of the success of his shipping line. In one breath he says that all three of his ships are gone; that there is nothing left out of nearly $1,000,000 but debts. In another breath he states that "if it hadn't been for our enemies, we would now have twenty vessels instead of three." He still seems under the delusion that he has three. He has a court reception, divides Africa in which he or his movement hasn't one foot of ground into duchies and makes "knights" and "ladies" and "dukes." Those presented to him must bend the knee before him. Arrayed in royal garb, he and his court assemble on an elevated dais while the common people are below, kept away from him by armed guards. Here is clearly a case of delusions of grandeur. Could a symptom be more characteristic?...
many years later, when Nkrumah became President of Ghana, because Marcus Garvey was now seen as a saint, Nkrumah started up a State shipping line and named it after Marcus Garvey's Line:
"...But as soon as Nkrumah won independence and drove the British out of Ghana, one of his first acts was to sign the Black Star Line into being. Nkrumah told them, "You laughed at Garvey, but you will never laugh at us." And he signed in the Black Star Line, which was to travel the world as the the ocean-going fleets of Ghana, which still exist even today despite all the attacks, internal and external, that it has undergone...
The Black Star Shipping Line. Ghana then had 14 ships and they sailed the world oceans, the prime export of Ghana being cocoa. Or it was, until Nkrumah ruined the economy, as all good little marxists are inclined to do:

....Some elder Detroit black nationalists recall the visit of a Black Star steamship in August 1964. Malcolm X's eldest brother, the late Wilfred Little Shabazz, himself a son of Garveyites, told the author of his pride at meeting the ship's captain and posing for photographs, one of which appeared in Now, a black nationalist magazine published by Detroit attorney Milton Henry.
...However, by the mid-1960s, despite his accomplishments in developing the African community, Nkrumah's domestic rule had became negative, and later, almost despotic & dictatorial. At the time he ascended to power, the newly independent Ghana had one of the strongest economies in Africa, but by the time he lost power, Ghana was heading towards economic ruin, as a combination of corruption & inefficiency, and his attempts to industrialize Ghana came at the expense of the previously strong-performing cocoa-producing sector. Costly, and largely unsuccessful public works programs also took their toll on the economy...
There is no hard evidence that Stanley Ann Dunham ever showed up in Hawaii. None. There remains this question:
'Where was Stanley Ann Dunham between the summer of 1960 when she graduated and when she returned to Hawaii with a two or three year old child?'
To find an answer to that question, one must ignore all the articles published in the press, everything written does nothing but follow the narrative of Dreams From My Father. It is extremely difficult however, not to be influenced by that narrative, which has found it's way almost into the subconscious, by being endlessly repeated, with glaring anomalies, such as; Barack Obama Snr left Stanley Ann Dunham when the child was two years of age...when in fact, he departed from Hawaii for the mainland in June, 1962. All that oft repeated assertion achieves is cast doubts upon his claimed date of birth.
The more one reads of that period in history, and the lives of the people involved, the more one finds one is reading about Ghana. The list of African-Americans who, maintaining they were discriminated against in the US and moved to Ghana is a long one. A very long one. But one of the most interesting is Maya Angelou. Maya Angelou, who refers to Malcolm X as her brother. Maya Angelou, who Malcolm X visited in Ghana. Maya Angelou who planned to return to the US and work for Malcolm X...

Developing a brother/sister relationship with Malcolm X has been very important to me. Because Mr. Malcolm X came to Africa, and I was able, along with others, to help him to meet all of the Africans of power in Ghana at the time...
...Maya Angelou returned to America in 1964, with the intention of helping Malcolm X build his new Organization of African American Unity. Shortly after her arrival in the United States, Malcolm X was assassinated, and his plans for a new organization died with him...
Something strange was happening in Hawaii during the same period. W.E.B. Du Bois and Paul Robeson were close. Very close. It was Paul Robeson whom Frank Marshall Davis credited with introductions to the communists in Hawaii:

......"Davis's initial contacts with Hawaii all had extremely strong ILWU ties. (Communist party member) Paul Robeson's own Hawaii acquaintances, which he passed on to Davis, insured that when I came over, one of the first things that I got involved with¯well, I met all the ILWU brass, (Communist Party executive committee member) Jack Hall and all of them, and I went¯they had both of us over to various functions for them¯Harriet Bouslog (Communist Party executive committee member) was also a good friend.'"

One turns up some very strange information, some of it hard to believe: Paul Robeson made a film and gave the part of an african chief to none other than Kenyatta! The very same man who would one day become the leader of Kenya and Barack Hussein Obama Sr's employer...

...It was also a chance to earn a significant paycheck, and also to put many of his new acquaintances to work as extras in the film. Among them was Jomo Kenyatta who would go on to become the founding father of the modern nation of Kenya. To some extent, I think we can say that Robeson succeeded, though even in its time, his participation in the movie earned him rebuke from black leaders including a notable scolding from black nationalist and anti-colonial visionary Marcus Garvey.


...Nkrumah met DuBois near the end of his sojourn in America, about the time the elder intellectual returned to the NAACP after breaking with it a decade earlier over his advocacy of temporary "self-segregation." Keenly interested in the possibilities for colonial freedom in the wake of the Second World War and the creation of the United Nations, DuBois considered the special research office as "sort of a foreign affairs department of the NAACP."
...Nkrumah also worked with the Council on African Affairs, co-founded by African American social worker Max Yergen and the renaissance man of the 20th century, Paul Robeson...
Oginga Odinga, the father of Raila Odinga, of recent Kenyan infamy, visited Malcolm X and was embraced by him. Literally. There was a popular song written about Oginga Odinga in the US at the time:
...Odinga sat on the edge of his chair and leaned forward, facing Joe and I. He told us of his visit to America and how American Freedom Fighters-civil rights activists had secretly visited with him in Atlanta as he was under State Department security control. He told us how the famous American Freedom Fighter, Malcom X had embraced him (Odinga) and that there was even a song written in America called, "Oginga Odinga of Kenya."



...When Malcolm visited African in 1964 he visited Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. It was during that trip that he met with Kenyan President Jomo Kenyatta, Uganda's president Dr. Milton Obote, President Julius K. Nyerere and Muhammad Babu of Tanzania. Babu, Malcolm and Leroi Jones (now Amiri Baraka) held a meeting during this period in New York City. Malcolm talked about meeting President Kenyatta, Malcolm however, was also aware of Kenya 's Oginga Odinga...
That Malcolm however, was also aware of Keyna's Oginga Odinga appears to be an understatement; Malcolm had embraced him in Atlanta.
Barack Hussein Obama Snr. Who was he? What was his purpose? In 1953 back in Kenya, a seventeen year old Barack Obama Snr finished school and his teacher tells us that he went straight to America for further education:
...Oyula says Obama Sr went straight to the US from Maseno, to start his academic tour.
That's very strange - but is it? Oginga Odinga had two sons, one was educated in East Germany, the other at the Patrice Lumumba University in Moscow. And this Oginga Odinga had once been a teacher at the very same school in Maseno...
How could Obama Snr suddenly show up in Hawaii, sponsored or not, and attend a University. His educational background was so sketchy. Looking further, one discovers he did not arrive with the first airlift arranged by Mboya, nor did he, as claimed in 'Dreams' benefit from the funds provided by the Kennedy foundation which paid for the chartered aircraft to bring the students to the US; the first of which landed at Idelwild in September...
Barack Obama wrote that his father "had been selected by Kenyan leaders and American sponsors to attend a university in the United States," but a list of the students who landed in New York on September 9, 1959, does not contain the name of the elder Obama. Tom Shachtman, working in the African-American Students Foundation (aasf) papers for a book on the airlifts, has found that the elder Obama came in 1959 with support from the aasf but appears to have been routed a different way as he made his way to the University of Hawaii...
Obama Snr in fact found his own way to Hawaii several months before, and judging by the undated image of the welcoming committee, he arrived by ship. It's odd, isn't it, that amongst the people on the dock, there he is, Stanley Armour Dunham. In June or July 1959?

From where had he come? Had he been on the mainland for some years as a student? That 'Kenyan goat-herder grandfather story' is all very well, but this man Barack Hussein Obama Snr did not behave as a simple student in Hawaii, he was an activist; within a very short time he is pictured giving lectures to Union members; from where did he get this authority? Why would several hundred members of a Union listen to this newly arrived student from Kenya?

Barack Obama (senior) was one of the featured speakers at a Mother's Peace Rally in Ala Moana Park on Sunday May 13, 1962. ILWU leaders, including Jack Hall, joined the march and rally...
But the question may aswer itself if we take into account a possible prior sojourn on the mainland; connections to Frank Marshall Davis and Davis' membership of the communist party.
Images of Obama Snr from the time, and letters written as testimonials, show no Stanley Ann - there is no mention of her. None. It's almost as if she didn't exist. Not in Hawaii.
Was Stanely Ann still on the mainland? Did she in fact spend time in Chicago, where she was accepted to attend the University of Chicago? Was her enrollment in Hawaii nothing but an anticipation by her parents, that never eventuated? The closer one looks, the less likely it becomes that she ever met Obama Snr. Anywhere.
And what was that all about, her enrollment in extension courses with an address in Seattle? The address shown in the Polk Directory 1961/62 where she supposedly lived with her young son, is recorded as having been strictly segregated. Extension courses can be completed and returned from anywhere. Was that address in the Polk Directory for Anna Obama nothing but a convenient mail-box? She was enrolled as Stanley Ann Dunham. Why use a different name for an address? Unless...she didn't want to be found.
On February 27, 1951, fifty-four year old Shirley Graham and eighty-four year old W.E.B. DuBois married in New York City.In 1961, they both renounced their U.S. citizenship and became citizens of Ghana. She had two sons from a previous marriage. One, David Graham, took the name Du Bois when his mother re-married. David was born in Seattle in September 1925. His grandfather, Shirley Grahams father, was minister at First AME Church in Seattle. David Du Bois career is interesting:
Arab Observer, Cairo, Egypt, editor and reporter, 1960-72; Cairo University, lecturer; Egyptian Gazette, news editor; Middle East News and Features Agency, editor and reporter; Radio Cairo, announcer and program writer; Ghana government, public relations consultant, 1963-66; Black Panther Party, spokesperson; The Black Panther, editor-in-chief...
Reading that, one is reminded of Maya Angelou again, and one may wonder if they knew each other or if their paths crossed:
...In the same year she met and married, South African freedom fighter Vusumzi Make. Again, Angelou and Guy moved; this time with Make to Cairo, Egypt where, despite her husband's restrictions, Angelou took a job as associate editor of the Arab Observer. By 1963, Angelou's second marriage was over and, determined to remain in Africa, Angelou moved to Ghana where, in her writings, she states that she felt at home for the first time in her life. In Ghana, Angelou served as an administrator for the School of Music and Drama at the University of Ghana, and acted as feature editor for the African Review...
Was there a connection between Maya Angelou's return to the US in 1964 and Stanley Ann showing up in Hawaii in the same year with a kinder-garten aged child?
Right now, there's no way I can verify this, it came by e-mail:
During a telephone interview, one of Stanley Ann Dunham's classmates from Mercer Island let something slip:
Stanley Ann Dunham had sent her a post-card from a ship. In February. 1961. Imagine that.
There it was, the answer to how so many people travelled back and forth to Ghana, and many other destinations; they had a State owned shipping line at their disposal. No need to look for airline schedules.
...In the early 1960's, another friend took the Black Star Line to Ghana. It was also a freighter trip. His experience was quite a different story. It was when Ghana had recreated the Black Star Line under the then president, Kwame Nkrumah. One of the ships was the Afram River which had made a maiden voyage to the U.S. The political fervor around the relaunching of the Black Star Line impressed the black activists of the time and our friend decided to make his move to Ghana by ship where he could take all his belongings and take up his new teaching assignment. He was thrilled by the fact that the entire crew, including the captain were all Africans and he was honored to dine with the captain and crew. He loved stopping at all the African ports en route to Ghana...

Ports of call
U.S. Gulf ports, U.S./Canadian Great Lakes and Atlantic ports, Freetown, Monrovia, Takoradi, Tema (Accra), Lagos, Port Harcourt, Douala.
looks like I got some reading to do..................
Thanks so much, Fred Nerks
Excellent research.
Ping
Your research needs to be archived in The Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. (How can we make it happen?)
Ping to #97 for History and a Few Surprises.
Scroll backwards, too, in case you missed a few posts.
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