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Papers Released Show Problems with Littoral Combat Ship (Severe hull cracks, speed limited to 15kts)
POGO ^ | April 23, 2012 | Danielle Brian

Posted on 04/28/2012 6:14:43 PM PDT by JerseyanExile

Dear Chairmen and Ranking Members:

Your Committees have repeatedly questioned the utility and effectiveness of the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) program—which is expected to cost taxpayers more than $120 billion over the life of the program[1] and constitute as much as half of the Navy’s surface fleet.[2] Your Committees have repeatedly been assured by the Navy as well as by the ships’ manufacturers that the program is delivering quality ships. Unfortunately, the Project On Government Oversight (POGO), a nonpartisan independent watchdog that has championed responsible weapons procurement for more than three decades, has learned that these assurances about one of the variants are inaccurate, at best.

There are two variants of the LCS: one built by a team led by General Dynamics, which will cost $345.8 million per ship; and the other built by a team led by Lockheed Martin, which will cost $357.5 million per ship.[3] Senior Navy officials have publicly praised the LCS program.[4] However, the Navy has been reluctant to share documents related to LCS vulnerabilities with entities such as the Pentagon’s Office of the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation (DOT&E).[5] But POGO has obtained a number of documents showing that Lockheed Martin’s USS Freedom (LCS-1, the first LCS ship) has been plagued by flawed designs and failed equipment since being commissioned, has at least 17 known cracks, and has repeatedly been beset by engine-related failures.[6]

These problems merit explanation from the Navy. We hope questions related to the issues we raise in this letter are incorporated into your annual oversight of the Navy’s budget request and programs.

Faulty Quality Assurance

From the time the Navy accepted LCS-1 from Lockheed Martin on September 18, 2008, until the ship went into dry dock in the summer of 2011—not even 1,000 days later—there were 640 chargeable equipment failures on the ship.[7] On average then, something on the ship failed on two out of every three days.

Yet the Navy continued to tell Congress that all was well on LCS-1. Secretary of the Navy Raymond Mabus told the Senate Armed Services Committee in December 2010 that both variants of the LCS were performing well, and that “LCS–1, the Freedom, demonstrated some of the things we can expect during her maiden deployment earlier this year.”[8] Then-Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Gary Roughead echoed this praise for the LCS-1, stating “I deployed LCS earlier than any other ship class to assure we were on the right path operationally. It is clear to me that we are.”[9]

Mabus and Roughead failed to mention that during the approximately two-month deployment when the ship traveled from Mayport, Florida, to its home port in San Diego, California, there were more than 80 equipment failures on the ship.[10] These failures were not trivial, and placed the crew of the ship in undue danger. For example, on March 6, 2010, while the ship was in the midst of counter-drug trafficking operations and reportedly “conducted four drug seizures, netting more than five tons of cocaine, detained nine suspected drug smugglers, and disabled two ‘go-fast’ drug vessels,”[11] there was a darken ship event (the electricity on the entire ship went out), temporarily leaving the ship adrift at sea.[12]

Cracking Relegates LCS-1 to Frigate Speeds

These failures during deployment were not the last time LCS-1 would face significant operational challenges. Before and during the ship’s second set of rough water trials in February 2011, 17 cracks were found on the ship, according to the Navy’s Crack Monitoring Survey During Rough Water Trials Period #2 (enclosed).[13] For example, a crack over 18 inches long was found at the corner of the deckhouse near a bi-metallic strip that binds the ships aluminum deckhouse and steel hull together.

Crack #17 is an 18.62-inch crack that travels along the upper weld of a bi-metallic strip, which bonds the steel hull to the ship's aluminum deckhouse. Crack #15 is an 8.5-inch crack that also travels along the upper weld of the bi-metallic ship.

Another crack was discovered “below the waterline and is currently allowing water in....When discovered there was rust washing onto the painted surface. It is thought this is rust from the exposed crack surface. It is unknown how long this crack existed prior to being discovered.”[14]

A 4-inch crack in the hull was allowing water in and led to significant rusting. The Navy’s Crack Monitoring team did not know how long the crack existed before being discovered.

In other instances, cracks on one side of the ship were mirrored by cracks in nearly identical locations on the opposite side of the ship. For example, according to the Crack Monitoring Survey, a crack in the deck edge on the port side was mirrored by a crack in the deck edge on the starboard side. Similarly, cracks in the deck plating and center walkway on the port side were mirrored by corresponding cracks on the starboard side.[15] Experts, including a source within the Navy, have informed POGO that the cracks in nearly identical locations on opposite sides of the ship may be indicative of systematic design issues.

These cracks are not without their consequences. In addition to allowing water to leak into the ship, the cracks severely limit the ship’s top speed, which was previously touted as exceeding 40 knots.[16] Last May, the LCS program manager issued near term operating guidance for LCS-1, which placed significant constraints on the ship’s safe operating envelope (SOE).[17] According to the Near-Term Operational Guidance memo (enclosed), “there is risk associated with operating LCS 1 at the extreme edges of its SOE while transiting or deployed at significant distances from/to port (open ocean transit). It is therefore, prudent to plan ahead for possible mitigating situations where LCS 1 might be required to deviate from planned underway mission.”[18] Specifically, the new guidance states that in rough water (sea state 7; 19.5- to 29.5-foot waves) with following seas, the ship cannot travel at speeds greater than 20 knots, and cannot travel into head seas at any speed. Even in calmer seas (sea state 5; 8.2- to 13.1-foot waves) the ship’s peak speed into head seas is capped at 15 knots,[19] relegating the Navy’s “cheetah of the seas” to freighter speeds.[20]

“Not expected to be survivable in a hostile combat environment.”

These cracking issues and the limitations to the SOE are indicative of a larger problem with the ship. A darken ship event during counter-drug trafficking operations is a dangerous failure, but had this occurred while the LCS was pursuing any of its other missions, such as anti-submarine warfare or surface warfare, this failure could have been fatal.

The cracking, and many of the equipment failures on the ship, endanger the lives of all personnel who board it. According to the DoD’s DOT&E FY 2011 Annual Report, the LCS is “not expected to be survivable in a hostile combat environment.”[21]

Sources close to LCS-1 have now told POGO that after more than six months in port, the ship has been back to sea just twice. The sources also informed us about critical problems that surfaced on the ship during those two outings: several vital components on the ship failed including, at some point in both trips, each of the four engines. In addition, there were shaft seal failures during the last trip,[22] which led to flooding.

Additional new material brought to our attention by Aviation Week shows that the ship appears to have even more serious problems with critical ship-wide systems, including rampant corrosion and flooding.

Navy’s Pattern of Obfuscation

The Navy has not been forthcoming with information about all of these problems. The DOT&E’s FY 2011 Annual Report states that “[t]he program offices have not released any formal developmental T&E reports.”[23] The report goes on to state that “the Navy should continue to report vulnerabilities discovered during live fire tests and analyses. Doing so will inform acquisition decisions as soon as possible in the procurement of the LCS class.”[24]

The Navy’s lack of cooperation with the Pentagon’s test office is not the only way the Navy has hampered oversight of the program. The Navy has also repeatedly made significant changes to the program while giving Congress little time to evaluate these changes. As the Congressional Research Service’s Specialist in Naval Affairs, Ronald O’Rourke, said in his December 2010 testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee, “The Navy’s proposed dual-award strategy is the third time in the history of the LCS program that the Navy has presented Congress with an important choice about the future of the LCS program late in the Congressional budget review cycle.”[25]

Based on the ship’s history of design and equipment failure, the LCS is simply not ready to be deployed to Singapore, as has been planned, or to any other destination. POGO’s position has long-been that only one of the LCS variants is necessary, and that the current dual-development is a corporate subsidy we can’t afford. As a result, we have recommended eliminating one variant to save taxpayer dollars. Now, based on the new evidence we have uncovered, we recommend that the more expensive and severely flawed Lockheed variant be eliminated. As Congress prepares to act on the National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2013, we encourage Members to either eliminate the Lockheed variant outright, or, at least, mandate that the Navy choose in a timely manner the variant that provides the best value.

Sincerely,

Danielle Brian Executive Director

Enclosures: rack Monitoring Survey During Rough Water Trials Period #2Memorandum from J.S. Riedel, Program Manager Littoral Combat Ship, Regarding SEA 05 LCS 1 Near-Term Operational Guidance based on Hull Crack Investigation

cc: Senate Armed Services Committee Members House Armed Services Committee Members

_________________________

[ 1] Total operation and support costs are projected to be $87 billion, and total acquisition costs are $37 billion. Defense Acquisition Management Information Retrieval, Selected Acquisition Report (SAR): LCS, Department of Defense, December 31, 2010, pp. 1-37. (Downloaded April 19, 2012) [ 2] Philip Ewing, “SNA: The Navy’s Next LCS Dilemma,” DoD Buzz, January 10, 2012. (Downloaded April 19, 2012) [ 3] The contract with General Dynamics specifies that $691,599,014 was added for the construction of two ships, $345.8 million per ship, and the contract with Lockheed Martin specifies that $715,000,351 was added for the construction of two ships, $357.5 million per ship. The Naval Sea Systems Command, “Navy Funds FY 12 Littoral Combat Ships,” Military.com, March 19, 2012. (Downloaded April 20, 2012) [ 4] Senate Committee on Armed Services, Hearing to Receive Testimony on Littoral Combat Ship Acquisition in Review of the Defense Authorization Request for Fiscal Year 2011 and the Future Years Defense Program, December 14, 2010, pp. 1-35. (Downloaded April 19, 2012) (Hereinafter Hearing to Receive Testimony on Littoral Combat Ship Acquisition) [ 5] Director, Operational Test and Evaluation, FY 2011 Annual Report, Department of Defense, p. 159. (Downloaded April 19, 2012) (Hereinafter DOT&E’s FY 2011 Annual Report) [ 6] Structure and Composite Division, Naval Warfare Center – Carderock, Crack Monitoring Survey During Rough Water Trials Period #2, Department of Defense, February 14, 2011, pp. 1-19. (Hereinafter Crack Monitoring Survey); Memorandum from J.S. Riedel, Program Manager Littoral Combat Ship, regarding SEA 05 LCS 1 Near-Term Operational Guidance based on Hull Crack Investigation, May 3, 2011, pp. 1-20. (Hereinafter Near-Term Operational Guidance memo); “LCS-1 Data Collection, Analysis, and Corrective Action System (DCACAS),” Lockheed Martin. (Hereinafter “LCS-1 DCACAS”) [ 7] “LCS-1 DCACAS” [ 8] Hearing to Receive Testimony on Littoral Combat Ship Acquisition, p. 7. [ 9] Hearing to Receive Testimony on Littoral Combat Ship Acquisition, p. 9. [ 10] “LCS-1 DCACAS” [ 11] U.S. Navy, “Fact File: Littoral Combat Ship Class – LCS,” (Downloaded April 19, 2012) (Hereinafter “Fact File: Littoral Combat Ship Class – LCS”) [ 12] “LCS-1 DCACAS” [ 13] Crack Monitoring Survey, p. 2. [ 14] Crack Monitoring Survey, p. 15. [ 15] Crack Monitoring Survey, pp. 9-12. [ 16] “Fact File: Littoral Combat Ship Class – LCS” [ 17] Near-Term Operational Guidance memo, p. 1. [ 18] Near-Term Operational Guidance memo, p. 2. [ 19] Near-Term Operational Guidance memo, pp. 11 and 13. [ 20] Mike Fabey, “Analysts Call for LCS-1 Redesign,” Aviation Week, January 30, 2012. (Downloaded April 19, 2012) [ 21] DOT&E’s FY 2011 Annual Report, p. 159. [ 22] Christopher P. Cavas, “LCS Freedom Back in Dry Dock,” Defense News, March 1, 2012. (Downloaded April 19, 2012) [ 23] DOT&E’s FY 2011 Annual Report, p. 159. [ 24] DOT&E’s FY 2011 Annual Report, p. 159. [ 25] Hearing to Receive Testimony on Littoral Combat Ship Acquisition, p. 13.


TOPICS: Foreign Affairs; Government
KEYWORDS: defenseindustry; lcs; nationaldefense; navy
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To: NY.SS-Bar9
“Milwaukee - gotta love them union welders.”

I attended the commissioning in Milwaukee. I used to run a
shop that made custom motorcycle frames. (work now sent to
China). I'm not too shabby, but the guys who actually did
the welding were true artists. I took a couple of pictures
of the welding and showed them when I got back. I thought
they were going to puke.

21 posted on 04/28/2012 7:07:51 PM PDT by CrazyIvan (Obama's birth certificate was found stapled to Soros's receipt.)
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To: Cicero

I met ADM Roughead in Baghdad, not real impressive.


22 posted on 04/28/2012 7:13:21 PM PDT by phormer phrog phlyer
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To: The Working Man

The Swedes used a carbon-fibre composite hull on their Visby-class corvette.


23 posted on 04/28/2012 7:17:41 PM PDT by JerseyanExile
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To: NVDave

sailors on HMS Sheffield found out how vulnerable these Al vessels are.


24 posted on 04/28/2012 7:46:09 PM PDT by RitchieAprile
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To: JerseyanExile
I guess we never learned our lesson from the now-scrapped DLG Class guided missile frigates (remember the Belknap fire?) I was on the Leahy (DLG-16) when her aluminum superstructure actually separated from the main deck during during a sea state 5. There were no agnostics aboard that night.

It's also interesting to note that LCSs can't refuel at sea - they become hydrodynamically unstable when pulling up alongside an AO. I suppose we can tow them to Japan.
25 posted on 04/28/2012 8:36:52 PM PDT by Thrownatbirth (.....Iraq Invasion fan since '91.)
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To: JerseyanExile

“cannot travel into head seas at any speed.”

What a confidence builder. I’m sure the Chinese Admirals are laughing...

BOTH of these classes have major problems, the least of which is a shortage of crew, leading to severe and dangerous fatigue.


26 posted on 04/28/2012 8:53:35 PM PDT by tcrlaf (Election 2012: THE RAPTURE OF THE DEMOCRATS)
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To: JerseyanExile

More troubles for the Silkworm magnets.


27 posted on 04/28/2012 9:20:40 PM PDT by headstamp 2 (Liberalism: Carrying adolescent values and behavior into adult life.)
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To: JerseyanExile
The LCS has been plagued with troubles from inception. USS FREEDOM (LCS-1) was originally to have been built of aluminum, but that was somehow changed to steel and the design is seriously flawed (overweight). This design flaw trickles down to many, may other areas.

USS INDEPENDENCE (LCS-2) is all aluminum and more survivable in a fight due to its three hulls vice one in LCS-1. However, the aluminum hull has experienced severe salt water corrosion problems and has necessitated a long and protracted yard period to apply the fixes.

Both ships are seriously under armed. They cannot survive without protection of the surface battle group. The Navy has said they are basically throwaway warships — but they disguise this with a fancy euphemism.

The ships are highly computerized to reduce manning, and the standard crew is about 45 officers, chiefs, and enlisted. There are too few hands to do things aboard ship and stand watches and endure long deployments.

Habitability issues when aviation assets or when VBSS (visit, board, search, seizure) teams or other teams are embarked. In these cases. “crew modules” that accommodate four sailors are embarked to provide sleeping quarters. All other features designed for a crew of 45 are overtaxed by the additional personnel including: messing, shower and head facilities, laundry.

The navy is very proud of the fact the LCS can crank 45 knots. Whoopie! I don't suppose the Navy has figured that an LCS running at 45 knots cannot outrun an anti-ship cruise missile traveling at Mach 0.8 to 2.0? Another question for the Navy “experts”: who's going to handle casualties and do damage control after you take a hit or hits? Crickets.

28 posted on 04/28/2012 10:13:54 PM PDT by MasterGunner01 (11)
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To: Sporke

She was a beauty, a queen of the Sea.


29 posted on 04/28/2012 10:34:32 PM PDT by ArmyTeach (Our liberties we prize and our rights we will maintain ... USS Iowa BB 61)
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To: Myrddin

The title Captain often elicits the question “Army or Air Force”.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
True but sometimes works to advantage.
Especially when in the “Gator” Navy and the USMC Combat Cargo Officer is a Capt....

A lot gets done when “Capt So & So” from USS LST calls for a sedan or some needed supplies....


30 posted on 04/28/2012 10:40:12 PM PDT by xrmusn (#6/98# Let's start from scratch by voting ALL incumbents out.)
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To: JerseyanExile

“Look for the Union Label”

The pictures of the cracks seem to indicate bad welds. The construction records should tell which welders did the welds and which inspectors approved them. It might prove interesting to see if the same welders and inspectors show up at the bad welds.


31 posted on 04/28/2012 11:24:10 PM PDT by fella ("As it was before Noah, so shall it be again.")
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To: ArmyTeach

Yes she was. I loved being on that ship but I was lucky to get off of it when I did, because if I had stayed on another year or so, I would have died when turret 2 exploded. Fate is a funny thing.

I’m glad the Iowa is at least finally being turned into a museum. It beats rusting away in a harbor or being scrapped.


32 posted on 04/28/2012 11:54:38 PM PDT by Sporke (USS-Iowa BB-61)
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To: JerseyanExile
Those cracks are in the Lockheed LCS-1, which has a fairly conventional hullform. What is the status of the General Dynamics LCS, which is much more radical in form?


33 posted on 04/29/2012 12:11:24 AM PDT by TXnMA
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To: JerseyanExile

Thanks for the work ...It seems we leared nothing since the Sheffield and a number of other incidents at 367 mil$ ea and unseawothy for the open sea a complete waste .
Under who’s administration when they were ordered and who’s when commissioned ?


34 posted on 04/29/2012 1:53:39 AM PDT by mosesdapoet (The best way to punish a - country is let professors run it. Fredrick the Great p/p)
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To: JerseyanExile

Seagoing Sheridans.


35 posted on 04/30/2012 6:48:35 PM PDT by Trod Upon (Obama: Making the Carter malaise look good. Misery Index in 3...2...1)
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