Reading Into the Church

ic ^ | August 1, 2009 | Deal W. Hudson

[NYer]

 

 

Reading, said Josemaría Escrivá, has made many a saint. In my own case it has merely made a convert, but I do continue to read ever more deeply into the mystery that is the Church. Thomas Merton, we recall from Seven Storey Mountain, was started on his road to the Church by the accidental discovery of Gilson's The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy in the Columbia University Library. We are foolish to forget the power of the written word.

 

It is said that people don't read much anymore, that we live in a multimedia age, and that the act of reading is on the wane. I don't take these prognostications too seriously. Nothing is likely to replace reading as the most intimate medium of enjoyment and self-examination -- certainly not CD-ROM or the World Wide Web. When we want to change a person's life, we still give him a book, and wait, hoping.

 

Years ago a friend sent me a box of about twenty-five books with "Catholic bomb" written across the side. As I read them one by one, they exploded in my mind, leaving me disoriented and filled with an unfamiliar joy. It was the confusion of knowing that my life was changing forever; it was the joy of heading into an unknown country called the Catholic faith. (I didn't know enough then to call it a strange country, which the Church most certainly is when you enter as an adult.)

 

I had been raised in a Protestant home, and had become an ardent Southern Baptist in college before attending Princeton Theological Seminary. There I read the greats -- Luther, Calvin, Barth, Tillich, the Niebuhrs. I began to realize that the first principle of Protestantism -- ridding the faith of idolatry -- had gone so far as to undermine Christian intelligence. My Catholic bomb was packed with many spiritual and theological books, from the great Dominican Garrigou-Lagrange, and Masie Ward on G. K. Chesterton, to the simple verse of St. Francis of Assisi. With every book, a strong impression received years earlier when I had read St. Augustine's On the Trinity was confirmed: Catholic Christianity embodied the fullness of God's revelation, without the narrowing refractions of other, younger Christian communions. The first principle of Catholicism was indeed the Incarnation, and that centrality shone through all my reading.

 

Reading myself into the Church doesn't mean that I possessed crystalline clarity at every step -- bombs scatter their debris unpredictably. At this stage in my conversion, I was blessed by the good advice of my mentors; they saved me from the fate of a convert friend of mine who was led to read Christ Among Us and lived to tell the tale.

 

As I moved toward the Church, my reading prodded me onward with a series of vaguely related insights. Although I understood only a little of the content of the Catholic faith, I knew that it explained the limitations of the Christian traditions, both liberal Protestant and Southern Baptist, in which I was raised. It would take me years to pass through my own period of protest and grasp the inner coherence of the Church herself. I was a young college professor then, and still reeling from the effect of the bomb when I began to read a Catholic novel every week. By the time I finished this assignment -- luckily I had wise and tasteful tutors -- I would not have dreamed of turning back.

 

There are, in fact, Catholic novels, though certain learned people dispute the fact. I have no comprehensive definition of the Catholic novel, neither would I ever attempt one. However, I happily name a novel as Catholic when it presents to the reader a narrative that embodies some substantial aspect of the Catholic faith. In other words, a Catholic novel is one that ably suggests to its reader our faith's great mysteries. It is those moments of insight, where we catch a glimpse of God's ineluctable providence -- as in, for example, Diary of a Country Priest -- that readers can become pilgrims.

 

Thus, if there is a litmus test for the Catholic novel, it must be whether the novel is capable of conspiring in spiritual conversion. Even if one bears in mind that conversion is ongoing, not at all confined to a Damascus Road experience, this test flies in the face of most aesthetic niceties about the freedom of the writer, the novel, and the audience. It goes without saying that authors who consciously intend to convert their readers probably will end up doing a poor job. That's the trouble with avid readers, like myself, giving in to speculation: We risk encouraging the worst habits of young novelists.

 

The novels that follow helped to convert me and continue to do so, since I go back to them regularly. I have received hardly a protest from the many friends and acquaintances who have sought them out on my advice.

 

 

The Other One

 

The still-active French-American writer, Julian Green, born of a Protestant mother from Savannah, Georgia and a French Catholic father, has riveted my attention for years. Although his novels like Moira and Each in His Own Darkness are better known, it was the obscure The Other One that left its deepest mark on me. This novel, more than any other I know, depicts the hunger for God as the source of all human appetites. I would later recognize this unquenchable desire, with its rich moral implications, in Aquinas's anthropology -- I first met it in Green. Set in Copenhagen, the story follows a recently converted man who returns to a woman he had mistreated some years earlier only to find the results of his immorality much worse than expected. His penitential witness brings about a disturbing but absolutely convincing redemption. Few books have captured the painful death of spiritual rebirth, in both characters, as powerfully as The Other One.

 

 

Kristin Lavransdatter

 

I'm not sure if there is a greater Catholic novel than Sigrid Undset's Kristin Lavransdatter. If there is, it's probably her other medieval epic, The Master of Hestviken, but I still prefer the more accessible Kristin.

 

I was blessed with a very bad case of the flu the first time I read Undset's trilogy, which kept me in bed for the entire read. My bouts with fever only intensified my connection with the unforgettable characters of this story. Just as movie buffs will argue the comparative merits of Scarlet, Rhett, Melanie, and Ashley in Gone With the Wind, so Undset fans delight in assigning degrees of responsibility to the impetuous Kristin, her loyal father Lavrans, her warrior husband Erlend, and her jilted fiancé, the foursquare Simon. No other novel that I know explores the biblical themes of "the wages of sin" and "the sins of the father" as accurately and charitably as Kristin Lavransdatter. Its impact on the reader, as witnessed in the novel's pivotal role in the life of Dorothy Day, founder of the Catholic Worker movement, can demonstrate a moral reorientation reminiscent of Dante's Purgatorio.

 

 

Love in the Ruins

 

Don't let it be thought that my reading into the Church was without laughter. This novel by Walker Percy provided the perfect bridge from the existentialism of my graduate school days to the treasure of Catholic humanism. I thought it uncanny that Percy had placed his main character, Dr. Thomas More, in a Dantean landscape faced with a Kierkegaardian choice that could only be mediated by the comic, sacramental resolution of a Catholic vision. It was as if Percy -- and his other novels confirm this -- had already experienced my philosophical and spiritual trials -- he understood that demons inhabit the suburbs of my childhood, and not just the cities and the country.

 

 

Wise Blood

 

If you are familiar with the South, there is also plenty to laugh about in Flannery O'Connor's Wise Blood. John Huston's underrated film of the novel catches many of those moments perfectly, such as when Hazel Motes tells his landlady he is a preacher of the "Church without Christ." She asks suspiciously if that was "Protestant... or something foreign?" Indeed, O'Connor's novel is nothing less than a meditation on the loss of belief in Christ's active presence in the world through the Church and its sacraments. Wise Blood made it clear to me why I was no longer content with the typical Protestant quarterly communion of grape juice done "in memory of me."

 

 

Under the Star of Satan

 

If O'Connor is one of those authors who puts you in the uncomfortable presence of the supernatural, George Bernanos is another. It's too bad that Diary of a Country Priest is his only novel remaining in print, because the others are just as powerful. His Under the Star of Satan is primarily about the special vocation of the priesthood, and its sacramental blessing on all of us. We follow the protagonist Abbé Donissan, modeled on Jean-Marie Vianney, the Curé of Ars, as he struggles for the souls of his parishioners, spending hour after hour in the confessional. We see his gift of unlocking the heaviest heart and the price he must pay for it. In the midst of Donissan's battle, we are also reminded not to take the metaphysical notion of evil as privation so literally as to discount its active presence in the world. A film has also been made of this novel, but not as successfully as Wise Blood.

 

 

Brideshead Revisited

 

If there is another novel that wears its moral seriousness as lightly as Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited, I don't know it. Perhaps that is why it works so well. Like Charles Ryder himself, the reader is slowly and slyly seduced into the Catholic undercurrents of the aristocratic Marchmain family. The long, final coda of Lord Marchmain's death, his sign of the cross, and the repentant confession of Julia on the staircase distill the choice we all must finally make for or against God. As Julia puts it, in refusing to leave her husband for Charles, "But I saw today there was one thing unforgivable... the bad thing I was on the point of doing, that I'm not quite bad enough to do; to set up a rival good to God's."

 

Here are six of the novels that made me Catholic. There are many others from our rich cultural past I could recommend. And, in fact, we are witnessing a modest revival of good Catholic fiction -- Alice Thomas Ellis, Torgny Lindgren, Piers Paul Read, and Ralph McInerny are among the best. We can only pray that books such as theirs will be found upon the path of some pilgrim finding his way home.

  

---

 

The Other Books That Made Me Catholic

 

 

The Catholic Vision

 

Augustine, On the Trinity

William F. Lynch, S.J., Christ and Apollo

Aquinas, Summa Theologiae Ia, q. 1–13

Dietrich von Hildebrand, Transformation in Christ

John Henry Newman, Plain and Parochial Sermons

Jacques Maritain, St. Thomas Aquinas: Angel of the Schools

 

 

Beauty & Culture

 

Hans Urs von Balthasar, The Glory of the Lord

Eric Gill, Beauty Speaks for Herself

Jacques Maritain, Art and Scholasticism

Julian Green, Journals

Flannery O'Connor, Mystery and Manners

 

 

Sin & Redemption

 

Charles Baudelaire, The Flowers of Evil

Correspondence of Andre Gide and Paul Claudel

Jorgen Jorgensen, Autobiography

Graham Greene, The End of the Affair

Dante, Purgatorio

Morley Callahan, Our Lady of the Snows

Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, Treatise on Sin, 1a2ae, q. 71–9

 

 

Agape & Eros

 

Martin D'Arcy, The Mind and Heart of Love

Hans Urs von Balthasar, Love Alone

Joseph Pieper, About Love

C. S. Lewis, The Four Loves

Etienne Gilson, The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy

Denis de Rougemont, Love in the Western World

Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, Treatise on Love, 2a2ae, q. 23-46

 

 

Reason & Revelation

 

Aristotle, Ethics

Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, Treatise on Law, 1a2ae, q. 90–7

G. K. Chesterton, The Dumb Ox

Mortimer Adler, The Angels and Us

Joseph Pieper, Leisure, the Basis of Culture

C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity

Cornelio Fabro, God in Exile

 

 

Church & Sacrament

 

Documents of Vatican II

Henri de Lubac, Catholicism

Jacques Maritain, The Peasant of the Garonne

Ludwig Ott, Fundamentals of Catholic Doctrine

Matthias Scheeben, Mysteries of Christianity

 

 

Saints & Sanctity

 

Léon Bloy, Pilgrim of the Absolute

Julian Green, God's Fool

Raissa Maritain, We Have Been Friends Together

Jacques Maritain, Notebooks

Jean Leclerq, Love of Learning and the Desire for God

Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, The Three Ways of the Spiritual Life

 

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Deal W. Hudson is the director of InsideCatholic.com and the author of Onward, Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States (Simon and Schuster).

[NYer]

Gorgeous print. I have a statue of her.

She is such a beautiful saint! Especially her 'simple way'. Here's a book you might enjoy. I could not put it down.

What was the early Church like? Contrary to popular belief, Rod Bennett shows there is a reliable way to know. Four ancient Christian writers—four witnesses to early Christianity —left us an extensive body of documentation on this vital subject, and this book brings their fascinating testimony to life for modern believers. With all the power and drama of a gripping novel, this book is a journey of discovery of ancient and beautiful truths through the lives of four great saints of the early Church—Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, Justin Martyr, and Irenaeus of Lyons.

[AnAmericanMother]

Oh, yes. The Father Brown books are Chesterton at his most entertaining, and they always have a kernel of truth at the core.

I think my favorite is "The Oracle of the Dog" -- not only because it involves a Black Lab, but because of the spectacular ending:

"People readily swallow the untested claims of this, that, or the other. It's drowning all your old rationalism and scepticism, it's coming in like a sea; and the name of it is superstition." He stood up abruptly, his face heavy with a sort of frown, and went on talking almost as if he were alone. "It's the first effect of not believing in God that you lose your common sense, and can't see things as they are. Anything that anybody talks about, and says there's a good deal in it, extends itself indefinitely, like a vista in a nightmare. And a dog is an omen and a cat is a mystery and a pig is a mascot and a beetle is a scarab, calling up all the menagerie of polytheism from Egypt and old India; Dog Anubis and great green-eyed Pasht and all the holy howling Bulls of Bashan; reeling back to the bestial gods of the beginning, escaping into elephants and snakes and crocodiles; and all because you are frightened of four words: 'He was made Man."'

The young man got up with a little embarrassment, almost as if he had overheard a soliloquy. He called to the dog and left the room with vague but breezy farewells. But he had to call the dog twice, for the dog had remained behind quite motionless for a moment, looking up steadily at Father Brown as the wolf looked at St. Francis.

[Nosterrex]

As I said, he was not Roman Catholic. He never took formal steps to become a Roman Catholic, and there is nothing in his writings that indicate that he had such leanings. Since he is dead, it is impossible to ask him if he planned to convert to Catholicism. Since he never did, I wouldn’t put him in the Roman Catholic Church just yet. Of course, this had never stopped people from putting all sorts of converts in the church of Rome. I guess after Billy Graham dies someone will say that he converted to Catholicism.

[AnAmericanMother]

Lewis was about as Catholic as it is possible for a man raised as a Northern Irish Protestant ever to become. He believed in Purgatory, and in the Real Presence, but he never took that last step. I think given his upbringing it was impossible.

But a man who is a professor of Medieval and Renaissance literature, and who loves his work as Lewis did, moves in a Catholic world and breathes Catholic air, will he or no. As Cardinal Newman said, 'to be deep in history is to cease to be Protestant'.

[Steelfish]

Excellent post.

No book list is complete without a reading of Ratzinger’s “On the Way To Jesus Christ” and “The Apostles.”

But clearly, Ratzinger’s most definite thesis on why salvific hope lies only through the Catholic Church is in his tour-de-force publication “Iesus Dominus”

All Catholics need to give this a careful read.

http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20000806_dominus-iesus_en.html

[AnAmericanMother]

there is nothing in his writings that indicate that he had such leanings

Read Letters to Malcolm and Mere Christianity carefully. In the first he specifically states his belief in Purgatory. In the second, he refers to our neighbor as "the holiest object - besides the Blessed Sacrament itself - that presents itself to our senses."

You can hold Catholic beliefs without a formal conversion (a lot of folks are headed for heaven that way.)

[AnAmericanMother]

Yep. (If you don't believe, why bother?)

Fortunately it's not our call as to who will recognize that Truth and accept it. As Lewis himself said about the Final Judgment - "there will be surprises."

[Steelfish]

The accounts of various converts from other non-Christian denominations shed useful insight.

Here’s an explanation given by Gov. Bobby Jindal (aka brainiac boy wonder who got admission to both Harvard Law and Medical Schools and was the hands down first candidate selected for the Rhodes Scholarship)

http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2305996/posts

[Salvation]

Reading in the car when I am stopped in traffic or waiting for a train to pass. If I don’t have a book, I say Hail Marys. Sometimes with over 10 Hail Marys!

Keep track> Simple. I use a Holy Card with a prayer on one side and a picture on the other. I always place the picture side of my bookmark/HolyCard toward the page I finished on. I will re-read a little to refresh my memory and go on. LOL! (I know, I’m crazy!)

[Nosterrex]

According to his biographical information he considered himself an Orthodox Anglican until his death. If you want to make him a Roman Catholic, be my guest. To base C. S. Lewis’ conversion to Catholicism on the Screwtapes is laughable. By that process you could make Charles Manson into a convert to Catholicism. I guess it never occurred to you that you don't have to be Roman Catholic to have a profound faith or a brain.

[Melian]

The books that kept me a joyful Catholic are not weighty, but are wonderful:

“Grandmother and the Priests”, “Dear and Glorious Physician”, and “Great Lion of God” all by Taylor Caldwell. The first one is a grand collection of celtic stories that will remind you of when priest were real men. The second is about St. Luke and the third is about St. Paul.

“Mr. Blue” by Myles Connolly is a wonderful old story about a modern St. Francis.

I read all these when I was in my early twenties and they have never left me.

[AnAmericanMother]

'Scuse me, did I mention Screwtape? Completely inapplicable here. Lewis said writing it gave him spiritual cramp because he was trying to think like the Enemy. I referred you to two specific citations in two specific works in which Lewis affirmed two points of doctrine generally considered Catholic.

And, when you say "Orthodox Anglican", exactly what do you mean? You have to understand that Anglicanism encompasses everything from the most pared-down plain Puritanism to Catholic-in-all-but-name.

I know because I used to be one, and I was a serious student of Anglican thought and philosophy. When we converted to Catholicism, we found that the only matters on which there was need for a change in affirmation were two: the validity of Anglican Orders and the supremacy of the Pope.

Admittedly we were at the "high" end of the spectrum, but so was Lewis.

[AnAmericanMother]

I also find it very handy to keep a book and a Rosary in the car. I have a couple of spares in my purse, but keeping a Rosary on the gearshift reminds me to pick it up!

We live 2 blocks from a very busy RR crossing, so I spend a lot of time waiting in line there.

[AnAmericanMother]

How much of Lewis’s work have you read?

[Hoosier Catholic Momma]

Bump to self for later viewing.

[NYer]

“Grandmother and the Priests”, “Dear and Glorious Physician”, and “Great Lion of God” all by Taylor Caldwell.

Ahhhh, dear friend, you have just stumbled upon one of the greatest fans of Taylor Caldwell!!! My favorites include "The Listener" and most especially, "Dialogues with the Devil".

[NYer]

Jindal's conversion story is truly inspiring. Now here is one of the most amazing conversion stories I have ever read. His book is also an excellent read.

[Melian]

“The Listener” was very good. I used to scour thrift stores for her books and found quite a few. I’ve never read “Dialogues with the Devil” so I’ll keep an eye out for it. Thanks for the recommendation.

(I’m such of fan of Caldwell’s, I named one of my daughters Taylor, long before the name was popular for girls!)

[Melian]

“The Listener” was very good. I used to scour thrift stores for her books and found quite a few. I’ve never read “Dialogues with the Devil” so I’ll keep an eye out for it. Thanks for the recommendation.

(I’m such of fan of Caldwell’s, I named one of my daughters Taylor, long before the name was popular for girls!)

[AnAmericanMother]

Roy Schoemann's story makes inspiring reading.

If God spoke to me so directly, I would probably just fall over dead from sheer terror.