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Profile: B-52 bomber
bbcnews.com ^ | nov-1-2001 | By BBC News Online's Marcus George

Posted on 11/01/2001 3:31:18 PM PST by green team 1999

Thursday, 1 November, 2001, 16:59 GMT
Profile: B-52 bomber


The B-52 bomber is suited to carpet bombing

By BBC News Online's Marcus George
The monster of the skies, much feared in past conflicts around the world, is now being used against Taleban forces in Afghanistan.


America's B-52 bomber, which marks its 47th operational birthday this year, is widely expected to prop up the US Air Force well beyond the year 2045.

The bombers are officially named "stratofortresses". They are known as Big Ugly Fat Fellows, or Buffs, among US servicemen.

The planes were designed to play the lead role in the USA's long-range nuclear bomber force.

The B-52 was a product of the post-war era when America looked for a strategic bomber to replace the B-36.

Original requirements were that the new "super bomber" could carry a 10,000-pound (4536-kg) bomb load over a 5,000-mile (8047-km) range.

This had to done at a minimum of 450 miles per hour at 35,000 feet.

After eight years in development, the first of the B-52s were delivered in 1955, but the Cold War dictated the development of another seven adaptations.

Within two years designers were given the task of adapting the B-52 into a low level bomber.

New weapons and decoy missiles were introduced, as well as technological innovations in radar, radar-jamming devices and navigational aids.

The "flexible response" policy brought in during the early 1960s demanded the B-52 be capable of decisively knocking out Soviet target systems and military installation and industrial complexes.

This led to the birth of in-flight refuelling. From then on, range was up to the stamina of the crew. But the emphasis on the bomber as a major deterrent was disappearing.

In 1962, after seven years of production, the last of the B-52 rolled into use, and from then on, designers solely focused on how to adapt existing models.

Vietnam
B-52s were called into action in South Vietnam in 1965 to carry out Operation Arc Light, a carpet bombing campaign to provide support for South Vietnamese forces in their battle against the invading communists from the north.

The bomber's use in Vietnam led to the development of "Big Belly," a large bomb carriage able to hold a total of 60,000 pounds of explosive material.

No aircraft to date has been able to rival this capability to wage war.

Within six months, Vietnam had been saturated with bombs from more than 100 bombing missions.

Within a year, under the "saturation bombing" policy, B-52s were dropping more than 8,000 tonnes of explosives every month.

The bombers upped the stakes in 1967, carrying out more than 9,700 missions, and in 1968 the B-52s dropped nearly 60,000 tonnes of explosive.


Today, a museum dedicated to the communists' victory over the US is located in Hanoi. The exhibits show pieces of B-52 bombers which were shot down or left in Vietnam following the US withdrawal.

Gulf War
B-52s were also put into use against Iraq in 1991 as part of Operation Desert Storm.

They were used to conduct carpet bombing raids - covering an entire area with a "carpet" of bombs - against Iraqi defence sites and concentrations of troops.

The Gulf War raids led to the longest strike mission in the history of aerial warfare. B-52s left Barksdale Air Force Base, California, launching their explosive cargo on Iraq.

They touched down in Barksdale at the end of the 16,000-mile trip 35 hours later. Eighteen hours later, the bombers were re-armed and ready for another run.

Kosovo

Before their deployment over Afghanistan, B-52s were most recently used in Nato operations against Yugoslavia during the Kosovo conflict.

Eleven bombers carried out 270 sorties from the UK, dropping more than 11,000 bombs on Serbian positions and Yugoslav strategic sites.

for information and discusion only,not for profit etc,etc.


TOPICS: News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: b52; bomber
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long live the old dog.
1 posted on 11/01/2001 3:31:18 PM PST by green team 1999
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To: green team 1999
I the BUFF lasts to 2045 it will be the longest serving piece of of Us Military equipment, beating the M1911A1 by 15 years.

Unblieveable and air frame 90 years old.

2 posted on 11/01/2001 3:50:45 PM PST by dts32041
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To: green team 1999
Absolutely amazing. Thank you for this!
3 posted on 11/01/2001 4:10:55 PM PST by Eala
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To: Eala
bumpus gratis
4 posted on 11/01/2001 4:13:57 PM PST by corkoman
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To: green team 1999
Probably killed more commies than anything except the Browning .50 in its many incarnations....
5 posted on 11/01/2001 4:15:43 PM PST by Feckless
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To: Feckless
Actually, other commies have killed the most commies in history. *g*
6 posted on 11/01/2001 4:21:50 PM PST by LenS
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To: corkoman
No, really. I'm older than most of these birds, and to think they might still be flying after I've long since, er, flown the coop, is simply amazing. As an engineer (dealing with a more ephemeral technology), my hat is off to the designers!
7 posted on 11/01/2001 4:25:08 PM PST by Eala
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To: green team 1999
"They are known as Big Ugly Fat Fellows...

Well, that's not exactly how I remember it. But it did start with an f.

8 posted on 11/01/2001 4:26:05 PM PST by Jaxter
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To: dts32041
Big ugly fat fellows??Some VietNam vets the other night called the 'fellows' some other word: f#%!ks....tee hee!!
9 posted on 11/01/2001 4:27:34 PM PST by crazykatz
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To: dts32041
A magnificent piece of engineering-the only thing that might rival it for longevity is the C-130. Not that I'd be willing to bet on it.
10 posted on 11/01/2001 4:44:17 PM PST by sawsalimb
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To: green team 1999
Yes, long live the old dog, she's slated to soldier on after the B-1 is put out to pasture, IIRC. However:

Big Ugly Fat Fellows

The last "F" in "BUFF" does not stand for "Fellows" except in the most "polite" of company. It's another "F" word, usualy a verb, but converted to a noun by the standard addition of "er" or in this case "ers". :)

11 posted on 11/01/2001 4:47:53 PM PST by El Gato
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To: Eala
As an engineer (dealing with a more ephemeral technology), my hat is off to the designers!

Not only the designers, but the team of Boeing and Tinker AFB engineers, who have uprgraded, refurbished and generally improved the old babe. Only "bad" thing they did was to remove the stinger from her tail, a quad .50 on the older models and a 20mm M-62 Vulcan Gatling cannon on the -H's. A good look at some of the more recent changes, and a bit on those to come can be found at: B-52

12 posted on 11/01/2001 5:02:25 PM PST by El Gato
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To: El Gato
Brings back memories. Getting the Drag Chute into its "nest" in the tail section was one bugaboo I hated (the thing weighs a TON, even when you use a winch to lift it).
Engine cowlings, once removed for maintenance, never fit right unless you FORCED them back in place.

Our squadron motto, un-PC of course, was "Pound It To Fit And Paint It To Match".

13 posted on 11/01/2001 6:05:29 PM PST by petuniasevan
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To: green team 1999
This photo shows the beast fully loaded with fuel. The wings are bending down with the weight of the fuel, and those extra wheels help support them until the lift is sufficient.


14 posted on 11/01/2001 6:16:28 PM PST by Born to Conserve
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To: Born to Conserve
This photo shows the beast fully loaded with fuel. The wings are bending down with the weight of the fuel, and those extra wheels help support them until the lift is sufficient

Actually the wings pretty much droop like that even when not fully loaded with fuel. I've seen them in the depot at Tinker, completely defueled, still drooping away. When they do get airborne the wings take on a positive angle. The wing tips move over some unbelievable distance, 10s of feet IIRC. All that movement takes it's toll of course. The skin on the fuselodge is all wrinkled when the bird is parked, but streches out when it gets airborne. B-52 looks more like an elevator than an airplane when it takes off, depending on gross weight of course. You don't really notice it pitching up much, but sure is going up. Especially true until it gets out of "ground effect", meaning about a wingspan of altitude. The effect is partly just visual, since the wing has a different angle than the body, so the body can be level, while the wing actually does have considerable angle of attack (Angle between the air flowing over the wing, and the centerline (chord) of the wing itself.

15 posted on 11/01/2001 10:53:38 PM PST by El Gato
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To: green team 1999
I wonder how much of the structure of these airplanes has been replaced over the years. Is it like George Washington's hatchet? (Three new handles, two new heads)
16 posted on 11/01/2001 11:05:12 PM PST by Tony in Hawaii
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To: LenS
They were more likely to use an M2 than a B52 doing it.... but why argue when we can all celebrate someone, anyone killing communists. *eg*

Much the same way I view urban crime.... if they are willing to kill each other I say "Why waste our ammo?"

17 posted on 11/02/2001 3:58:49 AM PST by Feckless
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To: green team 1999
When I was in high school in Northern Arizona (Fredonia), B-52 pilots would fly training missions right over the school. 3 or 4 planes would fly over at a time, several times every day. The big birds would fly so low it seemed you could almost hit them with a rock.

Nearly ever day they would fly over during baseball practice. We'd always stop whatever we were doing to watch. I have no idea where they were comming from, or where they were going but they were sure beautiful to see.

This went on for months until one day, one of them crashed in the Nevada desert. The flights stopped shortly after that.

18 posted on 11/02/2001 4:19:04 AM PST by rogers21774
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To: Tony in Hawaii
A lot of stuff DOES get replaced, but you'd be surprised at how much "original equipment" there still is. Control surfaces, some avionics gear, instrumentation, stringers, extra crew seats: a lot of factory items still used.

I'd swear that the crew urinal ("P*ss can") has been around (unwashed) for about 40 years... :>D

19 posted on 11/02/2001 6:48:04 AM PST by petuniasevan
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To: Tony in Hawaii
On the other hand, the nose cowling may have been replaced (due to redesign of the radar/nav systems) several times.

Sheet metal specialists are always replacing popped rivets, repairing holes in the leading edge of the wings, and rebuilding engine cowling that we maintenance crews managed to break.

A lot of new instruments and special equipment have been installed as technology changes.

Holes in the wings? Caused by collisions with "semisolid foreign objects" -- militaryspeak for BIRDS.

20 posted on 11/02/2001 6:56:28 AM PST by petuniasevan
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