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Cardinal Arinze Defines a Truly Catholic College Says Intellectual Formation Must Be Accompanied by Morals MANASSAS, Virginia, MAY 19, 2009 (Zenit.org).- The mark of a good Catholic university is success at turning out model Christians who are good citizens, says Cardinal Francis Arinze. The cardinal, former prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Sacraments, affirmed this May 10 in a commencement address he delivered at Thomas More College of Liberal Arts in Merrimack, New Hampshire. He said that a Catholic college that adopts an attitude of "courageous creativity and rigorous fidelity" contributes much to promoting a "healthy synthesis...

VATICAN CITY, FEB. 18, 2009 (Zenit.org).- The recently retired prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Sacraments will preach Benedict XVI's spiritual exercises this year. Nigerian Cardinal Francis Arinze was selected to preach the annual retreat for the Pope and the Roman Curia, scheduled for March 1-7. The theme of the meditations will be "The Priest Encounters Christ and Follows Him." During the retreat, the Holy Father suspends his meetings and audiences and dedicates himself entirely to prayer. The days of retreat will follow the rhythm of the Liturgy of the Hours and include three meditations. Each evening,...

As has been expected for several months, what could be called the ultimate "lex orandi est lex credendi" appointment has formally, finally, come to pass: the Pope has named the primate of Spain, Cardinal Antonio Cañizares Llovera of Toledo, as prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. Dubbed the "Ratzingerino" -- the "Little Ratzinger" -- as a collaborator of the then-prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, the 63 year-old prelate succeeds Cardinal Francis Arinze, who reached the retirement age of 75 in November 2007. Born in Valencia, the global...

VATICAN CITY, NOV. 25, 2008 (Zenit.org).- Erroneous applications of liturgical reforms implemented by Vatican II are generally not due to bad intentions, but simply to ignorance, says the Vatican official in charge of liturgy. Cardinal Francis Arinze, prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Sacraments, affirmed this to L'Osservatore Romano on Saturday. The cardinal celebrated 50 years as a priest last Sunday. The cardinal spoke with the Vatican daily about the responsibilities of his dicastery and its role in promoting and protecting the worship of God. "The liturgy is the heart of the Church," he said. "If the...

The long-awaited, much-debated, new translation of the Order of the Mass has been approved by the Vatican, signalling the direction weekly Masses are to take in Catholic parishes across the English-speaking world. On 25 July the United States bishops' conference announced that the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (CDW) had granted recognitio for the first, most important and most often-used section of the re-translated Missal, which contains the eucharistic prayers and prefaces, the Penitential Rite, the Gloria, the Creed, acclamations, the Lord's Prayer and other prayers and responses used daily. The intention of the new...

Vatican City, Dec. 01, 2006 (CNA) - Pope Benedict XVI has sent a message to Cardinal Francis Arinze ahead of the Congregation for Divine Worship’s study day on the Sunday Mass.  The Holy Father told those involved in the study group that Sundays remain the central focus of the Church’s liturgical year and that there is a need to, “reiterate the sacred nature of the Lord’s day and the need to participate in Sunday Mass. Cardinal Arinze, who serves as Prefect for the congregation called the study day under the theme: “Sunday Mass for the sanctification of Christian people." The Pope’s...

October 31, 2006 CDW On Purification Of Vessels (Jimmy Akin) The following is the text of the letter sent by Francis Cardinal Arinze to Bishop William Skylstad, president of the USCCB, concerning the liturgical change in America such that extraordinary ministers will no longer be permitted to purify the vessels used at Mass. CONGREGATIO CULTO DIVINO ET DISCIPLINA SACRAMENTORUM Prot. n. 468/05/L Rome, 12 October 2006 Your Excellency, I refer to your letters of 9 March 2005 and 7 March 2006, in which, in the name of the Conference of Bishops of which you are President, you requested a renewal...

A joyous African celebration filled St. Charles Lwanga parish yesterday as boys drummed and girls danced to welcome Nigerian Cardinal Francis Arinze, who came from the Vatican to visit schools supported by the Extra Mile Foundation of the Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh. Four "Extra Mile" schools serve a black, non-Catholic student body in impoverished neighborhoods. The foundation, supported by many non-Catholics, subsidizes about 60 percent of operating costs, keeping tuition low. "The school is a community of love, of caring, of training. The school ... wants to build you up in character so you will be a joy to your...

Annunciations of a New Springtime came across a 2003 Adoramus article of Cardinal Arinze's speaking on liturgical dance that I had not seen before.Now, some priests and lay people think that Mass is never complete without dance. The difficulty is this: we come to Mass primarily to adore God -- what we call the vertical dimension. We do not come to Mass to entertain one another. That's not the purpose of Mass. The parish hall is for that.So all those that want to entertain us -- after Mass, let us go to the parish hall and then you can dance....

...or, to respond in ICEL-ese, "And also with you, pal." A letter from Cardinal Arinze shows that, while the liturgy wars continue, the old tactics just aren't doing it. In the latest round of the Roman Missal translation battle, the U.S. bishops dug into their playbook and tried to run Pastoral Hardship Left in order to out-flank Liturgiam authenticam (they explained to Rome, you see, that we faithful are so besottedly in love with the 1974 ICEL Sacramentary that it would be cruel for the Holy See to make us change it for a translation closer to the Latin). Arinze...

Through a letter sent to the Bishop of San Cristóbal de las Casas, Mexico, the Holy See has called for an end to the so-called “Indigenous Church,” influential especially in southern parts of Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America. The letter to Bishop Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel, is signed by Cardinal Francis Arinze (bio - news), prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship. He deplores the influence of the ideology of the "autoctonous church,” inherited by Bishop Arizmendi from his predecesor, Bishop Samuel Ruiz Garcia. Cardinal Arinze remarks that the new policy should supress the overreliance on the ordination of permanent...

Andrea Tornielli runs his summary of yesterday's meeting in today's Il Giornale, reporting that the summit ran "several hours." The summit of the dicastery heads "did not solve the argument," Tornielli writes, saying that a second meeting of its kind -- scheduled for 23 March -- "represents a novelty in the Vatican and indicates that the Pope intents to listen to and value the work of his collaborators in the Curia, just as he did when he led the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith," while at the same time not letting slip one bit of his own desision-making...

Today the Pope’s meeting with the Capidicasterio  about the SSPX finished with the decision of “keeping the discussion open” until the next meeting in late March.According to some sources, the canonical aspect of the possible agreement that would bring the Lefebvrists fully back to the Church is well under way, but Cardinal Francis Arinze, Prefect of the Congregation of the Liturgy and the Discipline of the Sacraments seems to be hesitant about making easier the use of the old Missal.According to the sources, the Cardinal fears that if the Mass of Pious V would be made available without the need...

VATICAN CITY (CNS) -- The Vatican's top liturgy official said he expects Pope Benedict XVI to move against liturgical abuse with firm teaching and a gentle manner, recognizing that such mistakes often reflect ignorance, not ill will. At the same time, the pope wants to offer reconciliation to followers of the late French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre -- but not at the cost of "disowning" the Second Vatican Council, said Cardinal Francis Arinze, the Nigerian who heads the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Sacraments. Cardinal Arinze spoke about the direction of the new papacy in an interview with Catholic News...

ROCHESTER, NY - Did Bishop Matthew H. Clark of Rochester, NY prohibit lay preaching at Sunday Masses in his diocese? According to several reports, at two mandatory - and highly secret - meetings for “all homilists” in the Diocese of Rochester, on January 4 and 5, Bishop Matthew H. Clark allegedly informed lay preachers whom he had previously authorized to preach at Sunday Masses, that the illicit practice must stop. But the practice did not stop, and probably will not, since lay preachers preached at least at two Masses on January 8 at St. John of Rochester and St. Patrick’s...

In Interview, He Gives His Perspective on the Liturgy VATICAN CITY, NOV. 16, 2005 (Zenit.org).- The Mass is a moment of reflection and encounter with God, rather than a form of entertainment, says Cardinal Francis Arinze. In an interview with Inside the Vatican magazine, the prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Sacraments made a comprehensive assessment of the recent Synod of Bishops on the Eucharist and of developments in liturgical practice 40 years after the Second Vatican Council. Regarding "music in the liturgy, we should start by saying that Gregorian music is the Church's precious heritage," he...

VATICAN CITY, NOV. 16, 2005 (Zenit.org).- The Mass is a moment of reflection and encounter with God, rather than a form of entertainment, says Cardinal Francis Arinze. In an interview with Inside the Vatican magazine, the prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Sacraments made a comprehensive assessment of the recent Synod of Bishops on the Eucharist and of developments in liturgical practice 40 years after the Second Vatican Council. Regarding "music in the liturgy, we should start by saying that Gregorian music is the Church's precious heritage," he said. "It should stay. It should not be banished....

VATICAN CITY, November 14, 2005 (LifeSiteNews.com) - Cardinal Francis Arinze, as the Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship, is the highest authority in the Catholic Church - next to the Pope himself - on the question of communion for pro-abortion politicians.  As such, he has oft been asked for his position on the matter in light of the raging public debate on the issue which has bishops pitted on opposite sides of the question as well as many unwilling to take any position.In an interview published Saturday by Inside the Vatican, the Cardinal, somewhat exasperatedly, responded once again to...

VATICAN CITY, OCT. 17, 2005 (Zenit.org).- The Synod of Bishops spent a day in reflection and Eucharistic adoration before making its key decisions. There was no general assembly this morning, allowing the relator general, Cardinal Angelo Scola of Venice, and other officials to finish writing the "propositions" that the synod will present to the Pope. The "unified list of propositions" will be presented Tuesday in the synod hall. The list will be analyzed that day and Wednesday by working groups and submitted for possible amendments. The final version of the propositions will be presented Friday. The synodal fathers will vote...

EMINENT cleric, Francis Cardinal Arinze, has said that he harbours no personal grudge against Pope Benedict XVI stressing that the Holy Spirit who guided his election does not discriminate against any contestant to the papacy on ground of race or region. Arinze, the Prefect for the Congregation of Divine Worship and the Discipline of Sacrament in the Vatican, was widely touted as likely successor to the late Pope John Paul 11. But the incumbent formerly, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger emerged the new Pope at a Conclave of 115 Cardinals of the Catholic Church on April 19, 2005. However, speaking in an...

PITTSBURGH, July 25, 2005 (LifeSiteNews.com) - According to Francis Cardinal Arinze, the Vatican's chief over the administration of the sacraments, the denial of Holy Communion to pro-abortion politicians is a no-brainer. Speaking at a dinner in Pittsburgh over the weekend, Arinze responded with his usual wit to the question, "Should Catholic legislators who support legal abortion 'be refused' Communion?"The Cardinal elicited laughter when he rejoined, "I ask you, do you really need a cardinal from the Vatican to find the answer?"He quipped, "Are there no children from First Communion to whom you can pose the question and receive the answer?...

The elevation of Pope Benedict XVI to the Papal Suite at the Vatican might give some of America’s Catholic colleges and universities the chance to be more than Catholic in Name Only (CINO). “Catholic theology is not individual reflection but thinking with the faith of the Church,” then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger said in a 1999 U. S. visit. “If you will do other things and have other ideas of what God could be or could not be, there is the freedom of the person to do it, clearly.” “But one should not say this is Catholic theology.” When Nigerian Cardinal Francis...

New status for Cardinal ArinzeVatican, Apr. 25 (CWNews.com) - Pope Benedict XVI has raised Cardinal Francis Arinze (bio - news) to the rank of cardinal-bishop, making him one of the ranking members of the College of Cardinals. The cardinal-bishops hold the top ceremonial status within the College of Cardinals. There are normally six cardinal-bishops, and since Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (bio - news) had held that rank, his election to the papacy had created an opening, which is now filled by Cardinal Arinze.

Cardinal Arinze was named Cardinal-Bishop of Velletri-Segni. Cardinal Sodano is the new Dean of the College of Cardinals and thus also assumes the title Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia. Both titles were previously held by Pope Benedict XVI. His other previous title, Prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith remains vacant.

New status for Cardinal Arinze Vatican, Apr. 25 (CWNews.com) - Pope Benedict XVI has raised Cardinal Francis Arinze (bio - news) to the rank of cardinal-bishop, making him one of the ranking members of the College of Cardinals. The cardinal-bishops hold the top ceremonial status within the College of Cardinals. There are normally six cardinal-bishops, and since Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (bio - news) had held that rank, his election to the papacy had created an opening, which is now filled by Cardinal Arinze. Cardinal Francis Arinze, the 72-year-old prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship, had previously served as Archbishop...

I'm disappointed. Well, as disappointed as a non-Roman Catholic can be. Not that I have anything against the new pope, Benedict XVI (in case you've been away from civilization for the past week, the 78-year-old German Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger became the 265th pope of the Roman Catholic Church on Tuesday). The event was surrounded by such a potent mixture of mysticism and celebration that it was as if we were all Roman Catholics for a day. This is a circumstance that captivated (and annoyed) non-Catholics. Come on, not even a contentious U.S. national election or worldwide tragedy garnered more media...

ONITSHA, Nigeria -- The legend of Cardinal Francis Arinze, a contender to become the first pope from Africa in 1,500 years, stems from a moment of crisis in Nigeria's Catholic heartland. It was the early 1970s, and the government had ordered all European and American priests -- most of the Catholic leadership at the time -- out of the country. The political purge left Arinze and a handful of Nigerian priests with a massive job and few resources to do it, church leaders here said. But Arinze, the first African-born archbishop in this grubby trading center on the Niger River,...

SOWETO, South Africa - Mass is so crowded at St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church that the parishioners spill out into the courtyard, where they huddle close to the doors to hear and be heard. Worship here is participatory and joyous, not a staid moral duty performed amid pomp and ritual beneath the stained glass of one of Europe's cavernous and magnificent cathedrals. The Catholic Church seems young, active and relevant, growing at a rate so explosive — with nearly 140 million Roman Catholics in Africa — that it's a vital part of today's Christian expansion. The next pope will inherit...

If elected as the new pope, Cardinal Francis Arinze would be the first African pontiff in more than 1500 years after Gelasius, who reigned from 492 to 496.   British book makers are backing a Nigerian cardinal to succeed Pope John Paul ll as the new head of the Catholic church. If he succeeds to the throne of St Peter, Cardinal Francis Arinze would become the first African pontiff in more than 1500 years after Gelasius who reigned from 492 to 496. Described as a man of great humour and intelligence, Cardinal Arinze is the son of a priest who...

To put it mildly, Peter Akinola is unimpressed by ECUSA's response to the Newry Anglican primates meeting.  For Akinola, the bottom line is that ECUSA still doesn't get it:While the statement issued by ECUSA’s House of Bishops expressed a desire to remain in the life and mission of the Anglican Communion, I was disappointed that the only regret offered was for their failure to consult and the effect of their actions instead of an admission that what they have done has offended God and His Church. As was pointed out in the Primates Communiqué issued in February ‘the underlying reality...

ROME, JAN. 13, 2004 (Zenit.org).- A new book touches on Francis Arinze's spiritual journey, including his childhood baptism up to his days as a cardinal prefect of a Vatican dicastery. "God's Invisible Hand," summarizing a series of interviews, recounts the spiritual journey of Cardinal Arinze, the 71-year-old prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Sacraments. In the book the Nigerian recounts how he came to see the invisible hand of God as the guide of history and of his own life, a concept that has become central to his spirituality and decision-making. Speaking with Vatican correspondent Gerard O'Connell,...

Lagos: The fourth-ranking cardinal in the Vatican and the African with the best chance of succeeding Pope John Paul II began his stellar church career as a child of poor pagan parents in a mud-brick bungalow in the forests of southern Nigeria. Cardinal Francis Arinze, the 72-year-old Prefect of Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, is seen by many as a credible candidate to become the first African to rule the Holy See since the death of Gelasius I in 496 AD. And if the college of cardinals sitting in the Sistine Chapel does decide that the Holy...

NPR.org, April 2, 2005 · "Tip O'Neill was correct," says Father Tom Reese, editor in chief of America, the Catholic weekly magazine. "All politics is local... even in the Catholic Church." Reese suggests that instead of focusing on the possible papal candidates as a bookie would look at horses in the starting gate, try to think about the election from the point of view of the electors, the cardinals who cast the votes. "Each cardinal is thinking, how will this candidate go over in my diocese?" Reese says. "If you're from the Third World, you're concerned with people who are...

Guessing Game Begins on Pope's Successor 33 minutes ago  Europe - AP By BRIAN MURPHY, AP Religion WriterVATICAN CITY - Roman Catholics and others began to speak out Sunday about their hopes — and expectations — for a new pope, as the intense guessing game began over who would succeed John Paul II in leading the Church.  AP Photo Complete news coverage• News & features • Photos & slideshows • Video, audio and more   Only one thing is certain: The cardinals must decide whether to follow John Paul II with another non-Italian or hand the papacy back to...

Based in Europe for almost a millennium, Christianity has spread so widely around the world that its geographical centre has crossed into Africa and is now located near Timbuktu in mainly Muslim Mali, researchers say. By the end of this century, this "centre of gravity" -- the point on the globe at which the numbers of Christians living to the north, south, east and west are equal -- will have moved even further south to Africa's most populous state, Nigeria. Bishops of the Anglican Communion, the world denomination built around the Church of England, could be forgiven for thinking at...

A Vatican official who is considered among the leading candidates to become the next pope has said activists who demonstrate support for gay Catholics by wearing a colored sash to mass are showing their opposition to church teaching and should not receive communion. The statement from Cardinal Francis Arinze, the Vatican's head of liturgy, amounts to a rebuke of a practice that has quietly gained favor among gay activists in the Twin Cities, where Archbishop Harry Flynn has accepted Rainbow Sash wearers when they appear at mass. A handful of people have appeared for the past four years wearing sashes...

Vatican Cardinal Ends Debate: No Communion for Pro-Abortion Politicians or Rainbow Sashers Says "Are we going to change Divine Law, how God made us?" VATICAN CITY, February 16, 2005 (LifeSiteNews.com) – Nigerian Cardinal Francis Arinze, the top Vatican Cardinal in charge of the sacraments of the Catholic Church has made it plain in an on-camera interview with EWTN that pro-abortion politicians may not be admitted to Holy Communion. A February 11 EWTN broadcast of the news program, World Over Live, with host Raymond Arroyo, featured an interview with Arinze, the Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline...

Cardinal Francis Arinze was the Vatican's point man for interreligious outreach for 18 years. Yet, he is famously reluctant to be interviewed.   Partly, that's said to be tied to his impatience with secular reporters who badger him about his chances of ascending to the papacy. The 72-year-old Nigerian-born cardinal is on any short list of candidates to succeed John Paul II.   The cardinal charmed a small crowd in Dallas recently with his acceptance speech for an award he got for his interfaith work.   God, he said, deserves the credit for anything he's achieved as a cleric.   ''When you praise a suit well-made, you are...

out again in again flynn againThis past Wednesday Archbishop Harry Flynn issued a statement "to clarify remarks he made in an interview with Catholic News Service in December." CNS reports on the clarification: In a Jan. 26 statement, Archbishop Flynn said he met in mid-December with Cardinal Francis Arinze, head of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Sacraments, to discuss "the difficult pastoral situation" of Rainbow Sash. Cardinal Arinze "did not in fact suggest an immediate change to the policy in the Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis," Archbishop Flynn said in his statement. "However, he did clearly...

What is it with American bishops misrepresenting their communication with Vatican officials? First, it was Cardinal McCarrick misrepresenting Cardinal Ratzinger on pro-abortion Catholic politicians receiving Communion, and now it’s Archbishop Harry Flynn of Minneapolis misrepresenting Cardinal Francis Arinze on giving Communion to the Rainbow Sash movement. Last month, Archbishop Flynn, who had caused a ruckus in his archdiocese when he refused to disallow the Sash-ayers from using Communion as a statement of dissent, said that Cardinal Arinze, prefect of the Congregation for Worship, did not ask him to change his policy of giving Eucharist to the Sash-ayers after he asked...

During the past five years, at the time of the Catholic Church's most holy day of Pentecost Sunday, [1] openly 'gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender' persons wearing rainbow colored body sashes have gathered in large groups inside several U.S. Cathedrals to protest the Church's teachings and divine laws against sodomy. Scandalized and sorrow filled faithful sit watchfully in the pews as sash-wearing 'intrinsically disordered' [2] persons walk arm and arm down the aisles in an attempt to receive the Eucharist. Most all U.S. Bishops have denied them Holy Communion. Four known bishops continue to give them the Eucharist. The scandal...

Devotion does not a Catholic prove In his report to the October congress of the International Una Voce Federation retiring President, Michael Davies, reported on recent discussions with Cardinal Arinze, Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship. “In July Mr. Davies, and Dr. Turrini Vita, President of Una Voce Italy , had a long meeting with Cardinal Arinze … He was very friendly and listened to all that was said with great attention. He is under the impression that if the norms that he intends issuing before the end of the year result in the new Mass being celebrated...

Controversy Heats up over Cardinal McCarrick Downplaying Vatican Direction on Communion WASHINGTON, July 7, 2004 (LifeSiteNews.com) - With the release of the letter from Cardinal Ratzinger stating Communion must be denied to obstinately pro-abortion Catholic politicians, Cardinal McCarrick's report on the letter given at the U.S. Bishops Meeting last month has come under fire. - snip - However, as LifeSiteNews.com pointed out on July 5, the current incident is the second time Cardinal McCarrick seems to have contradicted the Vatican over the issue of denying communion.

Washinton (CNS) - The Vatican has approved new statutes for the International Commission on English in the Liturgy (ICEL), giving the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Sacraments at the Vatican veto power over ICEL's staff and translators. Marking the end of several years of conflict over how the commission should be structured and operate, the Vatican rejected the views of some English=speaking bishops who wanted less centralized control of the commission and a broader role for it. Cardinal Francis Arinze, prefect of the Vatican's divine worship congregation, urged ICEL to "proceed with urgency" on translating the latest Latin edition...

THE man tipped to be the first black pope has set out his credentials as the Vatican continues to prepare the public for the death of Pope John Paul II. Following comments from top Vatican official Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger that the Pope was in "very bad" health, the Pope's private secretary Georg Gaenswein said yesterday the 83-year-old pontiff could not walk or stand. "He is a hero for the faithful," Mr Gaenswein said. "The fact he doesn't give up despite his illness makes him even more credible ... When he is no longer allowed to travel, then dear God will...

Parents and students attending this year’s commencement at Georgetown University, a Catholic school, would surely expect to hear a commencement address that took Catholic teaching seriously. And that’s what they got. But many in the crowd were offended, even outraged. The commencement speaker was Francis Cardinal Arinze, the head of the Vatican’s Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue. The dean who invited Arinze expected him to speak about the relationship between Christianity and Islam, especially in places like the Cardinal’s native Nigeria. Instead, Cardinal Arinze told Georgetown’s class of 2003 that "happiness is found not in the pursuit of material wealth...

For the 40 years following the Second Vatican Council, we have had to endure liturgical abuses, innovations on the part of the priest, experimentation, bongo drums, puppets, guitars, home-baked leavened bread, and "do your own thing" Masses. In the fall of this year, the Vatican will issue a major document that will call for a far wider use of the "old Mass" - the Tridentine Mass, as commonly known throughout the whole world. The new, stricter guidelines call for a mandate for weekly Latin Mass in every parish in the world. Cardinal Arinze of Nigeria said, "We want to respond...

<p>It was only three words.</p> <p>But a Catholic cardinal's statement at Georgetown University's May 17 commencement that the family is "mocked by homosexuality" has sparked protests from dozens of faculty members and students.</p> <p>The brouhaha, which has been publicized on Catholic and homosexual Web sites around the country, pits a liberal Jesuit university against the strict traditions of its Catholic founders.</p>