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The salmonella strain linked to a nationwide outbreak has been found in irrigation water and a serrano pepper at a Mexican farm, federal health officials said Wednesday. "We have a smoking gun, it appears," said Dr. Lonnie King who directs the center for foodborne illnesses at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

WASHINGTON - U.S. health officials urged consumers on Friday to avoid only raw jalapeno peppers from Mexico, narrowing an earlier warning against eating any fresh jalapenos amid an outbreak of salmonella illness. The Food and Drug Administration now believes jalapeno and serrano peppers grown in the United States are not connected to the outbreak that has sickened more than 1,200 people, Dr. David Acheson, FDA associate commissioner for foods, told Reuters in an interview. Investigators seeking the source of the outbreak have been probing clusters of illnesses in various locations.

McALLEN - The strain of salmonella that sickened people across the country was detected in jalapeños distributed by a Rio Grande Valley company, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration reported Monday. Peppers from Agricola Zaragoza carried the saintpaul strain of salmonella. This is the first time the agency found the strain in food since the outbreak was announced in June. The FDA has not determined how or where the peppers were contaminated, according to the Texas Department of State Health Services. It has been testing produce from distributors all over the country. Agricola Zaragoza is recalling jalapeños it has shipped...

The FDA continues its habit of making mountains out of mole hills. The discovery of a single jalapeño with Salmonella Saintpaul at the warehouse of a tiny distributor named Agricola Zaragoza on the McAllen Produce Terminal Market simply doesn’t mean very much. ...Once again, needlessly and with reckless disregard for the rights of innocent people, the FDA has destroyed an industry. ...Dr. Acheson thinks that it is within his authority to destroy the fortunes of innocents. ...Repeating the words “public health” as a mantra, though, does not make it true. The bottom line is that the risk for healthy people...

<p>Search the web, you'll see, Drudge too, what the FDA doesn't want you to know.</p>

Tomatoes are OK, but watch out for jalapenos, avocados and serrano peppers. That’s what state and federal health departments are saying now after months of searching for the source of a nationwide salmonella outbreak. Originally thought to be traced to tomatoes, now, after Texas and North Carolina’s departments of state health services located tainted produce from a south Texas importer/distributor, officials are telling people to be wary of other produce often used in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine. The importer, Grande Produce, is conducting a voluntary recall of all peppers and avocados it distributed. Confusion among what to eat and what...

Want pico de gallo on your fajita taco? You just might have to settle for chopped onion. Jalapeño and serrano chiles, as well as cilantro, have been implicated in the multistate outbreak of salmonella infections. They join the list that began with tomatoes — and all are ingredients in the enormously popular Tex-Mex relish, pico de gallo. San Antonio’s hundreds of Tex-Mex restaurateurs are faced with some important decisions this week. Blanca Aldaco, owner of two local Aldaco restaurants, said she’s not serving pico de gallo at this time. “We’re only using our cooked salsa,” she said. Tomatoes, connected with...

WASHINGTON -- More than 1,000 people have become sick in the salmonella outbreak originally blamed on tomatoes, and federal health officials now say jalapeno peppers appear more likely to be at fault, at least in three large clusters of illnesses. The outbreak has caused the death of a Texas man in his 80s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Wednesday. The agency said the outbreak may also have contributed to the death of another Texas man, who had cancer. As of Tuesday, 1,017 people -- from 41 states, the District of Columbia and Canada -- had become sick...

WASHINGTON - Investigators are seeing more signs that the salmonella outbreak blamed on tomatoes might have been caused by tainted jalapeno peppers and have begun collecting samples from restaurants and from the homes of those who have been sickened, according to health officials involved in the probe. New interviews with those who became infected found that many had eaten jalapeno peppers, often in salsa served with Mexican food, according to two state health officials. So far, none of the jalapenos taken from restaurants and from the homes of those who became ill have tested positive for Salmonella saintpaul. Echoing federal...

In a startling new development in the Salmonella crisis, focus is shifting away from the tomato as the main suspect. Investigators had previously named the tomato as a "..vegetable of interest.." in the case, but have since sought to backpedal on the pronouncement. As of noon, tomorrow, over 3,000 law firms have filed Motions of Habeus Chorus against the FDA, seeking billions in legal fees. "The taxpayers must be protected," explained Mary Exmas, a partner in the firm Fennel, Romaine and Kale, "from those who would hold foodstuffs hostage without being charged. They rushed to judgement on the tomato, acting...

Source of Largest Salmonella Outbreak in U.S. History May Never Be Found, Says FDA The salmonella outbreak in tomatoes isn't over and it's already the largest salmonella outbreak the CDC has ever tracked, in terms of lab-confirmed reported illness. Since the outbreak began in April, the CDC has gotten reports of 810 people in 36 states and Washington, D.C., sickened by Salmonella saintpaul, the outbreak's rare strain of salmonella. The most recent onset of illness was June 15, and that may not be the last case, since the CDC gets reports of illness about 16 days after an illness starts,...

Q: How does information from state and local levels flow to and between the federal agencies? A: The whole system is flawed. The relationship between FDA and CDC is strained; it’s improved but still lacking. It’s not clear who is really in charge. Authority is split up in a way that decisions get bogged down and you don’t have anyone in command. You need that to effectively launch and oversee an outbreak investigation. I’m not sure who’s in charge. We have people identified as being in charge. We need someone that understands outbreaks, not just manages them. In this case,...

CNN’s Lou Dobbs has been on a tear about the recent tainted-tomato salmonella outbreak, but this time he’s taken it a step further and is calling for the ultimate political punishment. The “Lou Dobbs Tonight” host placed the blame for the recent salmonella outbreak squarely on President George W. Bush, calling for his impeachment on the June 19 broadcast. Contaminated tomatoes from an unknown source or sources have sickened 383 people since April, according to the Associated Press. “You know, I have heard a lot of reasons over the years as to why George W. Bush should be impeached,” Dobbs...

Searching high and low for someone to blame for contaminated tomatoes, CNN’s Lou Dobbs tried: imported produce; a “moronic” Food and Drug Administration; and finally, President George W. Bush. In the June 16 edition of “Lou Dobbs Tonight,” Dobbs slammed the FDA and the president for not controlling the salmonella outbreak. After claiming that the FDA is “led by complete moronic, unengaged incompetents” and calling them “idiots,” Dobbs proceeded to link the spread of salmonella to Bush. “As for this administration, were a responsible president at the helm of this country, I would wonder why he is not taking action,...

A several-month-old outbreak of food poisoning linked to a bacterium called Salmonella Saintpaul in raw tomatoes is affecting consumers nationwide. Almost 200 cases of illness have been reported in 16 states in the West, Midwest and Northeast. Many restaurants and supermarkets across the country have pulled fresh tomatoes from their menus and produce aisles. Tenders of tomatoes and savorers of salads are suffering, to be sure, but this is also the organic-food industry's worst nightmare: The surest ways to prevent such outbreaks are "Frankenfood" and irradiation, both anathema to obsessive organickers and other food-kooks. Government estimates tell us food contaminated...

WASHINGTON (AP) - Food and Drug Administration detectives had a hot lead, narrowing down on a grower who just might have supplied salmonella-tainted tomatoes. Then the patient changed her story: She'd eaten a round tomato, not a Roma one after all. "We basically had to throw it all out and start over," says Dr. David Acheson, the agency's food safety chief.

Parts of Florida and Mexico were supplying "the vast majority" of tomatoes sold when the salmonella outbreak began in April and thus remain leading suspects, the Food and Drug Administration said Friday. But the FDA hasn't narrowed its hunt to just those two places, said Dr. David Acheson, the agency's food safety chief. "The logical assumption would be that Florida or Mexico are the most likely source" because of the outbreak's timing, he told The Associated Press. "But we have not simply shifted the focus to those two places. ... It's wide open for anybody not on that exclusion list."...

MEXICO CITY - Export-quality tomatoes labeled "Ready to Eat" in English flooded Mexico City markets on Thursday after a salmonella scare in the U.S. trapped them south of the border. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has warned consumers against three types of raw tomatoes that have sickened 167 people in 17 states since mid-April. It has not pinpointed the outbreak's source, but cleared imports from six countries _ though not from Mexico, which supplies 80 percent of tomatoes imported into the U.S. Tomatoes from several counties in Florida are also under suspicion, the FDA said. Mexican growers and government...

MIAMI (Reuters) - Florida's tomato industry is in "complete collapse" and growers in California and Mexico are having trouble selling their crops as U.S. regulators hunt the source of a salmonella outbreak linked to certain tomato varieties, growers said on Tuesday. In Florida, the No. 1 U.S. tomato producer, $40 million worth of tomatoes will rot unless the U.S. Food and Drug Administration quickly traces the source of the outbreak and clears the state's produce, an industry official said. "We've had to stop packing, stop picking," said Reggie Brown, executive vice president of the Florida Tomato Growers Exchange. "The stuff...

<p> FDA Home Page | Search FDA Site | FDA A-Z Index | Contact FDA Salmonellosis Outbreak in Certain Types of Tomatoes Updated: June 9, 2008 Topics on this Page IntroductionUpdate on the OutbreakNews UpdatesAdvice for Retailers, Restaurateurs and Food Service Operators Consumer Health Information What Is FDA Doing?Information About Salmonella How Do I Report a Tomato Complaint? Introduction The Food and Drug Administration is alerting consumers nationwide that a salmonellosis outbreak appears to be linked to consumption of certain types of raw red tomatoes and products containing raw red tomatoes. The bacteria causing the illnesses are Salmonella serotype Saintpaul,...

ALBUQUERQUE (AP) — Salmonella food poisoning first linked to uncooked tomatoes has spread to 16 states, federal health officials said Saturday. Investigations by the health departments of Texas and New Mexico and the federal Indian Health Service have tied 56 cases in Texas and 55 in New Mexico to raw, uncooked tomatoes. “We’re seeing a steady increase,” said Deborah Busemeyer, the communications director for the New Mexico Department of Health. An additional 50 people have been sickened by the same salmonella infection in Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, Virginia, Washington and Wisconsin, the federal...

ASSOCIATED PRESS MINNEAPOLIS -- At least 23 people in 14 states have been sickened by the same strain of salmonella found in two breakfast cereals recalled by Malt-O-Meal, the federal Food and Drug Administration said Saturday. Officials in Minnesota are investigating whether a case in that state might be linked to the cereals produced by the Minneapolis-based company, the state health department said. Malt-O-Meal voluntarily recalled its unsweetened Puffed Rice and Puffed Wheat cereals April 5 after finding salmonella contamination during routine testing. The affected bags were produced in the past 12 months in Northfield. "The Malt-O-Meal company has been...

Bacteria tails could protect against 'dirty' bomb 13:55 11 April 2008 NewScientist.com news service Debora MacKenzie A drug made out of Salmonella can protect mice and monkeys from high doses of radiation. It might help protect rescuers who have to enter a radioactive area after attack with a nuclear or "dirty" bomb, and also cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. People die of radiation sickness when radiation kills cells lining the gut, as well as those in the bone marrow that gives rise to vital blood cells. The cells die because radiation activates the natural programme of cell death, apoptosis. Andrei...

Associated Press DENVER --High concentrations of chlorine being used to purge salmonella from a southern Colorado town's water system were expected to drop far enough Saturday that residents could use the water for showering. The disinfection process in Alamosa began Tuesday, five days after officials confirmed the presence of the bacteria in the water. The source is still unknown. Nearly 300 people have become ill, with 73 cases of salmonella confirmed. During the cleansing, the chlorine level in Alamosa's tap water is more than five times greater than what's needed to keep a swimming pool clean. Authorities say it could...

WASHINGTON — A California produce company recalled bagged fresh spinach Wednesday after it tested positive for salmonella. There were no immediate reports of illness linked to the tainted spinach, distributed by Metz Fresh LLC of King City, Calif. The recall comes nearly a year after an outbreak of another pathogen, E. coli, in fresh spinach killed three people and sickened another 200. The recalled spinach was distributed throughout the 48 states and Canada and sold in both retail and food service packages. It covers 8,118 cases of spinach, although the company said more than 90 percent of that was on...

Cadbury's let salmonella get into bars By Nick Britten Last Updated: 2:05am BST 14/07/2007 Cadbury Schweppes deliberately allowed salmonella to contaminate its chocolate bars in order to save money, a court was told yesterday. Thirty people became ill after eating infected chocolate The Birmingham-based company triggered a major salmonella outbreak last June, which left 30 people ill and three in hospital, after changing its testing systems from a zero-tolerance policy to one in which food containing an "allowable" level of the bacteria was permitted. Birmingham Crown Court heard that chocolate was easily contaminated by salmonella and Cadbury felt it was...

WASHINGTON - A popular snack food sold nationwide is being recalled because of concerns about contamination. All lots and sizes of Veggie Booty Snack Food are being recalled, the company said, following a report of 51 cases of salmonella poisoning that may be associated with the product. Georgine Hertzwig of Robert's American Gourmet in Sea Cliff, N.Y., said the company acted after the Food and Drug Administration contacted them about the illnesses in 17 states.Salmonella can cause serious and sometimes fatal infections, especially in young children, frail or elderly people and others with weakened immune systems. Symptoms include fever, diarrhea,...

I received two alerts regarding treats for dogs. One is for the wheat gluten problem which is now affecting dry food items. The other is a completely different issue where salmonella is found in dog chews. Will post the email alerts with names of items being recalled.

Eight In One Announces Nationwide Recall of All Lots Of Dingo® Chick’n Jerky Treats for Dogs, Cats And Ferrets Contact: Jamie Tully Victoria Hofsted 212-687-8080 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE -- Cincinnati, Ohio -- March 30, 2007 -- Eight In One, Inc., a division of United Pet Group, Inc., is voluntarily recalling nationally all lots of Dingo® CHICK'N JERKY treats due to Company concerns that the jerky treats have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella, which can cause serious infections in dogs and cats, and, if there is cross contamination, in people, especially children, the aged, and people with compromised immune...

FDA News FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE P07-21 February 14, 2007 Media Inquiries: 301-827-6242 Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA FDA Warns Consumers Not to Eat Certain Jars of Peter Pan Peanut Butter and Great Value Peanut Butter Product May be Contaminated With Salmonella The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning consumers not to eat certain jars of Peter Pan peanut butter or Great Value peanut butter due to risk of contamination with Salmonella Tennessee (a bacterium that causes foodborne illness). The affected jars of Peter Pan and Great Value peanut butter have a product code located on the lid of the jar that...

FDA News FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE P07-21 February 14, 2007 Media Inquiries: 301-827-6242 Consumer Inquiries: 888-INFO-FDA FDA Warns Consumers Not to Eat Certain Jars of Peter Pan Peanut Butter and Great Value Peanut Butter Product May be Contaminated With Salmonella The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning consumers not to eat certain jars of Peter Pan peanut butter or Great Value peanut butter due to risk of contamination with Salmonella Tennessee (a bacterium that causes foodborne illness). The affected jars of Peter Pan and Great Value peanut butter have a product code located on the lid of the jar that...

Source: Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Date: January 30, 2007 Salmonella Survives Better In Stomach Due To Altered DNA Science Daily — Since 1995 there has been a considerable increase in the number of infections with a specific type of Salmonella bacteria transmitted via food. This type, Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT104, is resistant to at least five different antibiotics. Dutch researcher Armand Hermans found new genetic information in DNA of DT104 that might be involved in its survival and infection mechanism. This genetic information might also be involved in the increase in the number of infections caused by this pathogen....

Salmonella scare sparks Hershey recall Last Updated: Sunday, November 12, 2006 | 9:17 AM ET CBC News Hershey Canada has recalled many chocolate bars and baking products — including Hershey bars, Reese's Peanut Butter Cups and Oh Henry! bars — because they may be tainted with salmonella. Hershey Canada Inc. and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) released a list on Sunday of 25 products they say could be contaminated with the bacteria. Food contaminated with salmonella may not look or smell spoiled, but the bacteria can cause symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and...

CDC Investigating Salmonella Outbreak By MIKE STOBBE (AP Medical Writer) From Associated Press October 31, 2006 11:52 AM EST ATLANTA - A salmonella outbreak potentially linked to produce has sickened at least 172 people in 18 states, health officials said Monday. Health officials think the bacteria may have spread through some form of produce; the list of suspects includes lettuce and tomatoes. But the illnesses have not been tied to any specific product, chain, restaurants or supermarkets. No one has died in the outbreak, which stems from a common form of salmonella bacteria. Eleven people have been hospitalized, health officials...

(KUTV) SALT LAKE CITY Its' something just about every woman carries with them. While we may know what's inside our purses, do you have any idea what's on the outside? Shauna Lake put purses to the test – for bacteria – with surprising results. You may think twice about where you put your purse. Women carry purses everywhere from the office to public restrooms to the floor of the car. Most women won't be caught without their purses, but did you ever stop to think about where your purse goes during the day? “I drive a school bus, so my...

Chocolate salmonella linked to more products NICHOLAS CHRISTIAN FOOD experts fear that the salmonella bug which has led to the recall of a million bars of chocolate may be in as many as 30 additional products. Fears have been raised because the mix used in the seven products that were taken off the shelves was also the base ingredient in other brands. The Food Standards Agency (FSA) said it has begun testing the extra products and has not ruled out the possibility of contamination in other kinds of sweets and chocolates. Cadbury first detected a rare strain of salmonella in...

Five people in Washington have contracted food poisoning after eating cake batter-flavored ice cream from Cold Stone Creamery stores. The victims -- a woman in King County, a man in Whatcom County, two girls in Snohomish County and a woman in Spokane -- were infected with a rare strain of the salmonella bacteria called salmonella typhimurium, according to the state Department of Health. Cold Stone Creamery is voluntarily recalling the ice cream from its stores throughout the country. A teenage girl in Snohomish County was hospitalized briefly, but has recovered, according to state officials. A total of 15 cases of...

Furry "pocket pets" like hamsters, mice and rats have sickened up to 30 people in at least 10 states with dangerous multidrug-resistant bacteria, health officials are warning. It is the first known outbreak of salmonella illness tied to such pets and reveals a previously unknown public health risk, officials said. Many of the victims were children; six were hospitalized for vomiting, fever and severe diarrhea. Some passed the illness to others. The germ they had was resistant to five drugs spanning several classes of antibiotics. "This is likely an underrepresentation of how large the problem is," because others who were...

REALLY? THE FACTS Recent studies have found that a little alcohol may help ward off heart disease and slow dementia. But an old wives' tale suggests another reason to indulge in a drink or two with dinner: preventing food poisoning. Research over the years appears to confirm this. In 2002, for example, health officials in Spain studied an outbreak of salmonella among people who had been exposed to contaminated potato salad and tuna at a large banquet. Their findings, which were published in the journal Epidemiology, showed that the rate of sickness was lowest in those who had consumed large...

THE extent of a food poisoning outbreak at two Turkish restaurants in Melbourne's inner-north continues to grow, with authorities investigating more than 400 suspected cases. The Department of Human Services (DHS) has confirmed 24 cases, with seven people in hospital, including an 18-month-old baby. The Alasya Restaurant and Alasya 2, both in Sydney Road, Brunswick, were closed on Wednesday night after the outbreak was discovered. They underwent heavy cleaning yesterday. Bread from an adjoining bakery, Alasya Cakes, which was distributed to a number of restaurants and cafes around Melbourne, was recalled today after the department discovered it had not undergone...

He wasn't going to snap about it, but Fred Bruckman thought the state law governing turtle sales needed tinkering. So he went and got it changed. In Harrisburg, this is no easy feat. Amending any law usually involves shadowy midnight deals between high-ranking legislators and well-connected lobbyists. This is what makes Bruckman's achievement so out of the ordinary. He is neither legislator nor lobbyist, and he usually is in bed before midnight. Bruckman sells reptiles for a living, and the law made it difficult for him to traffic in turtles.

Study Indicates Tomatoes Likely Cause of Salmonella Outbreak That Sickened More Than 280 Associated Press July 23, 2004 PITTSBURGH (AP) - Pennsylvania health authorities released results of a study Friday indicating that Roma tomatoes were the likely cause of a salmonella outbreak that has sickened more than 280 people in five states. No tests have pinpointed the cause, but food histories of those who ate at Sheetz convenience stores and got sick - and those who ate there and didn't get sick - indicate that the tomatoes were the likely source, said Richard McGarvey, a spokesman for the state Health...

Agriculture Dept: Tomatoes Source of Salmonella Jul 19, 2004 3:45 pm US/Eastern Pittsburgh (KDKA/AP)Health officials now know the source of a salmonella outbreak that sickened over 100 people in Pennsylvania. Tests show that Roma tomatoes distributed to area Sheetz stores from the Wheeling-based Coronet Foods were contaminated. "This morning, the laboratory division of the Bureau of Food Safety confirmed a positive salmonella test result in an unopened bag of Roma tomatoes taken from a Sheetz store in Greencastle..." -- Dennis Wolff, Agriculture Secretary "This test result brings us one step closer to understanding this outbreak... Government agencies can now begin...

Paprika Recall Expanded Because of Possible Contamination The Associated Press Jun 11, 2004 WASHINGTON (AP) - Penzeys Spices has expanded its recall of Hungarian Sweet Paprika, sold nationwide, because of possible salmonella contamination. The Brookfield, Wis., company said Friday the recall involves all sizes of Hungarian Sweet Paprika distributed Jan. 2-9 through mail orders as well as in Penzeys Spices retail stores in 12 states: Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas and Wisconsin. The expanded recall comes weeks after Penzeys recalled packages of another paprika version, Hungarian Half-Sharp and some of its Hungarian Sweet Paprika,...

Some raw nuts are pulled off market, but growers still foresee high demand. Retailers and almond growers don't expect the public's appetite for the little brown nuts to be spoiled by reports that consumption of some raw almonds has been linked to 29 cases of salmonella poisoning. Almonds rank as the state's leading agricultural export. The state's growers produce virtually all the almonds consumed in the United States and roughly 80 percent of the world's demand. Last year, that amounted to 1.1 billion pounds. The salmonella poisoning has been linked to just a tiny sliver of that crop, 13 million...

By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS LOS ANGELES, May 28 (AP) - A salmonella outbreak traced to one of the world's largest almond producers has sickened about 25 people and prompted a nationwide recall of more than 13 million pounds of almonds. The size of the recall is likely to grow as federal investigators continue to identify distributors and repackagers of almonds that originated from the company, Paramount Farms in the Central Valley of California, a spokesman for the Food and Drug Administration said on Friday. An initial recall covered 2.7 million packages of raw almonds sold under the brand names Kirkland...

CDC Suggests Change in Treatment for Gay, Bisexual Men The number of gay and bisexual men who are getting infected with gonorrhea that cannot be cured by the most commonly used antibiotics is increasing rapidly, federal health officials said yesterday. Antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea more than doubled between 2002 and 2003, primarily because of a jump from a rate of 1.8 percent to 4.9 percent among gay and bisexual men, according to preliminary data collected at sexually transmitted disease clinics in 23 cities, the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported. Massachusetts and New York City have reported similar findings. As...

<p>WASHINGTON - In the week since mad-cow disease was discovered in the United States, more than 1 million Americans were sickened by food they ate. About 6,000 became so ill they were hospitalized and nearly 100 died, according to federal health estimates.</p>

<p>WASHINGTON, June 13 (UPI) -- CASA Imports of Utica, N.Y., is recalling one shipment of Cora brand paprika because of a potential food poisoning danger.</p> <p>The 4.25 ounce jars in the shipment might have been contaminated with Salmonella, a micro-organism that can cause serious, even fatal, illness in young children, the elderly and people with weakened immune systems.</p>

WASHINGTON (AP) - The monkeypox outbreak illustrates a growing problem: Exotic animals give exotic diseases to people who get too close, a trend that some medical specialists call a serious public health threat. Such diseases can become a threat not just to the people who buy and sell exotic pets, but to the general public if they spread to native animals and become established in the United States. Federal health officials are working frantically to ensure doesn't happen with monkeypox. "This is a harbinger of things to come," warns Michael Osterholm of the University of Minnesota, who advises the government...