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Urban Agriculture Could Potentially Produce a Tenth of the World's Food.
Indy Week ^ | April 25, 2018 | Amanda Abrams

Posted on 05/13/2018 1:19:31 PM PDT by 2ndDivisionVet

This weekend, the Carolina Farm Stewardship Association is holding its popular Piedmont Farm Tour, which opens forty-five Triangle-area farms to the public. General interest in traditional farming is well-established here; this is the twenty-third year of the tour. But meanwhile, there's a rising fascination, in the region and around the nation, with another kind of farming: urban agriculture.

There seems to be momentum behind the conviction that the collective cultivation of underutilized public spaces such as empty lots and rooftops just might save the world. Growing food in a city is hands-on and hyper-local, it requires few chemicals and gives off little in the way of greenhouse gasses, and in low-income neighborhoods where grocery stores are scarce, it can be a vital source of healthy food. As a result, the practice is attracting a mix of urban-planning nerds, antipoverty advocates, the sustainability crowd, and millennials seeking a better future. Some of that enthusiasm was quantified in January, when a study published in the journal Earth's Future found that densely planted urban farms could potentially produce up to 10 percent of the world's food.

But if urban agriculture gets people salivating, what about the other unoccupied patches of green right before us: private lawns, those monocultures that many Americans spend more than an hour a week manicuring even though they produce nothing useful? There are roughly forty million acres of lawn in the U.S., according to a 2015 NASA study—three times more acreage than any other irrigated crop. That's a lot of land, and an enormous amount of lost potential. The average lawn is roughly a fifth of an acre, which doesn't sound like much. But unlike big farms, gardens tend to be intensively managed, which means they can often yield an impressive amount of vegetables. Michelle Schroeder-Moreno, an N.C. State crop-science professor, says that the student farm she runs produced nine thousand pounds of food on about 1.25 acres last year.

That's nothing, says Steve Moore, a professor in Elon University's environmental studies department. "Using biointensive techniques, you can grow a complete diet easily in 4,000 square feet—one-tenth of an acre—for a single person," he says. And those figures don't even include other activities that can occur in a private yard, like raising animals.

The resulting food is usually organic, requires few petroleum products, produces very little CO2, and is as fresh as can be. Homeowners can plant heirloom crops that are at risk of vanishing forever, bolstering the nation's food security. And for those who are moving toward homesteading—aiming to be self-sufficient by capturing rainwater, using renewable energy, and growing and preserving all their food—the reduction in emissions and energy and water use can be profound.

Linda Borghi travels the country preaching the gospel of plowing one's own patch of Eden. "Look at lettuce, how far it has to travel," she says. "By the time it gets on your table, do you think it has any life force left in it? The best time to eat anything is right after you cut it."

Borghi, a New Jersey resident and founder of the Farm-A-Yard campaign, is one of a handful of true believers. But what's surprising is how uncommon it is to see a front yard in the Triangle that's been rototilled and planted, much less one in full homesteading mode, complete with animals and a composting system. I polled individuals and organizations like CFSA, Cooperative Extension NC, and food councils around the Triangle, and found that only a tiny handful of Triangle residents intensively cultivate their yards.

"It's a lot of time, and honestly it's a luxurious, privileged hobby. We don't each have to work two jobs to live," says Celeste Burns of herself and husband Alexander Johnson, explaining why she thinks the phenomenon is relatively rare. She's right: if you're going to garden a lawn, you generally must be a landowner—or you must convince one to give you access to their property. You also need some serious surplus time and energy. "Not too much sports watching or internet gaming in our house," says Burns.

She and Johnson have filled their two-thirds of an acre in Durham with a huge range of fruit trees (pawpaw, sand plums, native persimmons, Asian pears, and figs) and a lush garden of plants largely raised from seed. They demonstrate that urban homesteading is possible, along with the likes of Amanda Matson, a Raleigh resident who lives on a quarter-acre lot in a neighborhood north of N.C. State. When she moved into the house five years ago, she and her husband set a goal of achieving fruit-and-vegetable independence within five years.

"Since then, we have been able to grow all the veggies we need on site, and we're well underway to our goal of growing or foraging all our own fruit," says Matson. Their yard stands out: in summer, it's home to six-foot-plus cornstalks, nonlinear vegetable rows that make use of every square foot, and vertical trellises to save precious space. Matson cultivates the usual suspects—potatoes, beans, onions, peppers—plus some unusual ones, like asparagus, tomatillos, and yardlong beans. And there's tons of fruit: apple, nectarine, and sour cherry trees, kiwi and grape vines, and blueberry bushes. Matson gathers free resources like coffee grounds from the local cafe for the compost pile, wood chips for the garden paths, and rainwater. Tomatoes are canned for the winter, green beans are frozen, and cabbage is turned into kimchi and sauerkraut.

"I love the challenge," Matson says. Most of her family raises food in the country, "but I kind of like the constraints of a city."

A couple miles to the south lives Will Hooker, a former N.C. State horticulture professor who specializes in permaculture. Hooker and his family have lived on their property since 1994, and many of the fruit trees there—persimmon, hazelnut, pineapple, guava, pomegranate, and pecan—are mature and produce well. There's also a big garden packed with greens and flowers and trellised vegetables, a grape arbor that provides shade to the house in the summer, chickens, bees, and ponds stocked with mosquitofish. Hooker harvests rainwater and powers his house in part with solar panels.

"I learned by reading, by talking to people," says Hooker. And he's still trying out new ideas, including several different composting systems and experimental agricultural methods such as growing a tomato plant from the bottom of a hanging five-gallon bucket. But it's organized, and he's constantly on the lookout for errant weeds.

Though few people are doing it, the Triangle is a pretty welcoming place for intensive gardening and even homesteading, provided you don't live in a neighborhood with a homeowners association that prohibits it. The growing season is long and forgiving, and in most of the region's municipalities, bees are allowed without a permit, chickens with a permit. Ambitious residents can legally slaughter the fowl in their backyards. Some residents of Hillsborough, Carrboro, and Raleigh can keep a couple of goats on their property, as can Durham residents on larger lots near the city limits. And the area is full of relevant classes and gatherings.

But it can be intimidating to jump right in. One place to start might be with a local business like Bountiful Backyards or Grow It Yourself, whose staff will set up front yard gardens for a fee, then teach their clients how to maintain the beds themselves. Or plant a fig or plum or apple tree; once it starts fruiting in a few years, it will bear gifts that require little work to maintain.

So why not head out of the city this weekend to check out some farms and get inspired, courtesy of CFSA? Many are very small operations, and some of their activities could easily be adapted to the yards of urban dwellers who want to maximize the potential of their own personal greenspace.


TOPICS: Food; Gardening; Society
KEYWORDS: farming; food; gardening; gardens
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FULL TITLE: Urban Agriculture Could Potentially Produce a Tenth of the World's Food. Is Grass Really the Best Use for Your Yard?
1 posted on 05/13/2018 1:19:31 PM PDT by 2ndDivisionVet
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

Another dangerous progressive fantasy. They can go ahead and try just as long as they starve themselves death first.

And I’m sick as **** of all this lawn hate, too.


2 posted on 05/13/2018 1:24:44 PM PDT by turfmann
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

More like a tenth of a tenth of a tenth of a tenth. This is reminiscent of the movement in communist China, during the Great Leap Forward, where people were encouraged to melt down their frying pans to produce Steel. Number one the items in question already were steel. Number two, by melting down their frying pans they couldn’t cook their food so they starved. Number three, simple observation shows that the production of food and steel and commodities in the world of today has to be done on the scales that it is done on. What’s next, shall we build our vehicles one by one in our backyards and garages? This is just standard liberal utopian garbage that is not worthy of the neurons that takes to think about it. All you have to do is to go to the Midwest and see the size of the fields, the size of the silos used to store the grain, and to think that you’re going to get material out of a 2 foot by 6 foot plot next to your apartment building isn’t even worth considering.


3 posted on 05/13/2018 1:30:22 PM PDT by Attention Surplus Disorder (Apoplectic is where we want them.)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet
When I was a teenager 50 years ago, I lived for about 6 months with a Chicano family in Earlimart, CA. They were real old-country "pueblo" Mexicans from Belen del Refugio, a little town in Jalisco. No lawn at all around their little house, just every square inch was sugar cane, nopales, chilis, squash, green beans, fig trees in half-barrels, and all sorts of herbs.

Huge grapefruit tree in the back yard, like a galaxy in itself full of yellow suns. It was really quite wonderful,. They reminded me of the Italians and Poles I grew up with in Pennsylvania.

4 posted on 05/13/2018 1:31:52 PM PDT by Mrs. Don-o (¡Qué lindo es Jalisco, palabra de honor!)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet
Grass is the best use of your yard if that is what you want.

We have a lot of grass, it is called "pasture".

There are quite a few people who grow food in their yards, they are called gardeners.

This will not work in the "poor neighborhoods" because it is WORK.

And, for the most part you do not want to put plants on your roof tops unless they are engineered for it. Which is usually expensive.

5 posted on 05/13/2018 1:32:20 PM PDT by Harmless Teddy Bear ( Bunnies, bunnies, it must be bunnies!! Or maybe midgets....)
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To: turfmann

These gardens aren’t dangerous. Are you OK?


6 posted on 05/13/2018 1:33:50 PM PDT by Mrs. Don-o
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To: turfmann

Unmentioned is the bedraggled stems and branches of the garden in winter. But that is a small price.

I loved growing my own tomatoes, butterbeans etc. in Chicago


7 posted on 05/13/2018 1:34:00 PM PDT by arrogantsob (See "Chaos and Mayhem" at Amazon.com)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

“ “Using biointensive techniques, you can grow a complete diet easily in 4,000 square feet—one-tenth of an acre—for a single person“

How many cows can fit in there?

L


8 posted on 05/13/2018 1:34:57 PM PDT by Lurker (President Trump isn't our last chance. President Trump is THEIR last chance.)
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To: turfmann

Meh.
It’s just a nostalgic return to victory gardens.

Between the folks at church and the folks at the VFW I could forgo buying vegetables all summer or eggs all year long. Modern agriculture is highly productive even on a small scale.

This is why the globalists are so focused on controlling water and eliminating pesticides. It’s hard to depopulate the planet if the people are fed with local produce.


9 posted on 05/13/2018 1:37:51 PM PDT by MrEdd (Caveat Emptor)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

And just how good is the dirt?
I live in northern Virginia and an inch under the the grass is red clay... I do vegetable garden, I refer to my garden as an ‘in-ground container garden’; for everything I plant I use a Post home digger to dig out the red clay and fill the hole with bag dirt from Home Depot


10 posted on 05/13/2018 1:48:10 PM PDT by Bulwinkle (Alec, a.k.a. Daffy Duck)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

I’ve been growing my all own vegetables and fruits vertically for years in NYC.

With towers I can grow 30-50 sqft worth of short produce in only 2-4 sqft. And with climbing plants on a sunny roof, fuhgettabout it. I have to give away hundreds of pounds of cukes, melons and squash every year. In the winter my pantry is overflowed with canned veggies and potatoes.

Even in shady areas it is amazing how much you can grow with good soil. I compost all my organic waste and estimate about 10 more years before I need to buy any fertilizer.


11 posted on 05/13/2018 1:49:58 PM PDT by varyouga
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

There are people being fined for gardening in their front yard.
Change the elitist rules on maintaining said patch of grass, and you’ll get more urban gardening.


12 posted on 05/13/2018 2:04:18 PM PDT by tbw2
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To: varyouga
WOW! You're inspirational!

Compost.

More CO2 for a greener planet.

13 posted on 05/13/2018 2:25:01 PM PDT by Mrs. Don-o (Stone cold sober, as a matter of fact.)
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

I think it’s more likely that “vertical” farming - inside buildings - will prevail.

“Vertical” completely solves the land issue, and you can grow 24-7-365, and always under optimal conditions.


14 posted on 05/13/2018 2:47:49 PM PDT by zeestephen
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To: tbw2
Many of those HOAs fine for growing vegetables in the front yards but not for fruit. They're too ignorant to know that many of what they're calling vegetables are in fact fruit. It'd be great if a front yard gardener would sue them for this. That would put a stop to some of that foolishness.

in low-income neighborhoods where grocery stores are scarce, it can be a vital source of healthy food.

Oh, puleeze! The author doesn't expect the welfare crowd to work?!? That's a four letter word.

15 posted on 05/13/2018 2:58:58 PM PDT by bgill (CDC site, "We don't know how people are infected with Ebola.")
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To: Attention Surplus Disorder

Every little bit helps. I’ve had to give up gardening but still have herbs in the kitchen window which has saved a few dollars. Not to mention there’s nothing like fresh herbs which aren’t sold in our local grocery store.

Those 12 sq ft of apartment yard will give you enough space for a nice salad every day of summer. Go vertical and get even more space. Put a trellis on your wall and you’ve got beans galore. Add a few containers on the patio. Grow herbs, lettuce and greens in the window sills and sliding glass door. Here, at the elderly housing, they enjoy their container gardening outside their front doors.

Eat low carb and there’s no need for a silo full of grain.


16 posted on 05/13/2018 3:18:19 PM PDT by bgill (CDC site, "We don't know how people are infected with Ebola.")
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To: bgill; niteowl77

I wonder why there are so-called food deserts in places where people will throw chairs through plate glass windows if an English-as-a-second (or third?)-language minimum wage kid makes the slightest error in an order?


17 posted on 05/13/2018 3:31:03 PM PDT by null and void (Urban "food deserts," are caused by "climate change" in urban customers' attitudes (H/T niteowl77))
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

I do non-traditional farming and have done it for many years.

But it is very labor-intensive. No way could we feed enough people to make it work for most of the world’s population, but it’s a good idea to diversify our growing techniques, etc.

We really need both mechanized agriculture and permaculture, too. I don’t particularly like Monsanto, but I’m reluctant to bash them. MANY people would have starved to death were it not for places like Monsanto and Cargill.

Thanks for posting this.


18 posted on 05/13/2018 3:36:04 PM PDT by mywholebodyisaweapon (Thank God for President Trump.)
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To: mywholebodyisaweapon

“it is very labor-intensive. No way could we feed enough people to make it work for most of the world’s population”

Robots will work 24x7. They can make it much more feasible.

10-20 years, but starting before that with increasingly mechanized systems shifting trays and controlling lights and irrigation. Gradually building in more sensors and intelligence, as well as motorized mechanisms.


19 posted on 05/13/2018 4:31:37 PM PDT by BeauBo
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To: 2ndDivisionVet

Poor people in Africa and elsewhere have far more acreage and still starve. This is a great idea, but I think something else is going on here.


20 posted on 05/13/2018 4:38:26 PM PDT by umgud
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