Ummm, if the 17th Amendment weren’t passed, we would not have Obamacare today. Any senator who was for it, could have been pulled in and removed by their state.
Senators were never intended to be direct-elected. That was for the House of Representatives. Senators were supposed to represent their state.
Before the 17th Amendment, Senators could be pressured to resign, just like now, but there is no recall provision in the Constitution. Mark Levin’s Liberty Amendment that repeals the 17th Amendment includes a recall provision in which a state legislature could recall a Senator by a 2/3 vote.