Catholic Caucus: Daily Mass Readings, 01-22-19, Day of Prayer -- Protection of Unborn Children

Brothers and sisters: God is not unjust so as to overlook your work and the love you have demonstrated for his name by having served and continuing to serve the holy ones. We earnestly desire each of you to demonstrate the same eagerness for the fulfillment of hope until the end, so that you may not become sluggish, but imitators of those who, through faith and patience, are inheriting the promises.

When God made the promise to Abraham, since he had no one greater by whom to swear, he swore by himself, and said, I will indeed bless you and multiply you. And so, after patient waiting, Abraham obtained the promise. Now, men swear by someone greater than themselves; for them an oath serves as a guarantee and puts an end to all argument. So when God wanted to give the heirs of his promise an even clearer demonstration of the immutability of his purpose, he intervened with an oath, so that by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we who have taken refuge might be strongly encouraged to hold fast to the hope that lies before us. This we have as an anchor of the soul, sure and firm, which reaches into the interior behind the veil, where Jesus has entered on our behalf as forerunner, becoming high priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek.

I will give thanks to the LORD with all my heart in the company and assembly of the just. Great are the works of the LORD, exquisite in all their delights.

He has won renown for his wondrous deeds; gracious and merciful is the LORD. He has given food to those who fear him; he will forever be mindful of his covenant.

He has sent deliverance to his people; he has ratified his covenant forever; holy and awesome is his name. His praise endures forever.

May the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ enlighten the eyes of our hearts, that we may know what is the hope that belongs to our call.

Jesus was passing through a field of grain on the sabbath, his disciples began to make a path while picking the heads of grain. At this the Pharisees said to him, "Look, why are they doing what is unlawful on the sabbath?" He said to them, "Have you never read what David did when he was in need and he and his companions were hungry? How he went into the house of God when Abiathar was high priest and ate the bread of offering that only the priests could lawfully eat, and shared it with his companions?" Then he said to them, "The sabbath was made for man, not man for the sabbath. That is why the Son of Man is lord even of the sabbath."

From: Hebrews 6:10-20

The Danger of Apostasy and the Need for Perseverance (Continuation)

[10] For God is not so unjust as to overlook your work and the love which you
showed for his sake in serving the saints, as you still do. [11] And we desire
each one of you to show the same earnestness in realizing the full assurance
of hope until the end, [12] so that you may not be sluggish, but imitators of
those who through faith and patience inherit the promises.

The Promises Made to Abraham, Confirmed by Oath, Cannot Be Broken

[13] For when God made a promise to Abraham, since he had no one greater
by whom to swear, he swore by himself, [14] saying, “Surely I will bless you
and multiply you.” [15] And thus Abraham, having patiently endured, obtained
the promise. [16] Men indeed swear by a greater than themselves, and in all
their disputes an oath is final for confirmation. [17] So when God desired to
show more convincingly to the heirs of the promise the unchangeable character
of his purpose, he interposed with an oath, [18] so that through two unchangea-
ble things, in which it is impossible that God should prove false, we who have
fled for refuge might have strong encouragement to seize the hope set before us.
[19] We have this as a sure and steadfast anchor of the soul, a hope that enters
into the inner shrine behind the curtain, [20] where Jesus has gone as a forerun-
ner on our behalf, having become a high priest for ever after the order of Melchi-
zedek.

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

9-12. The letter now changes to a tone of encouragement. “After speaking harshly
about the position of the faithful, to prevent their falling into despair he now reveals
why he has written what he has: he wants to lead them well away from danger.
And so, in the first place, he tells them what confidence he has in them, and then
gives the reason why they should feel confident themselves—because God is not
unjust” (St Thomas Aquinas, “Commentary on Heb.”, 4,3).

The readers are called “beloved”; this was how St Paul normally addressed those
who embraced the faith through his preaching (cf. 1 Thess 2:8; 1 Cor 10:14; 15:
58; 2 Cor 7:1; 12:19; Rom 1:7; Phil 2:12; 4:1; etc.). The writer wants to see the
situation improve, perhaps to see the trials pass or become easier; certainly he
wants his readers to use their tribulation to help them to achieve salvation. He is
moved when he recalls the charity they have shown one another: theirs has been
an active fraternity, shown in deeds of service to the “saints”, which was the way
St Paul often referred to the brethren (cf. Rom 1:7; 1 Cor 1:2; 2 Cor 1:1; Eph 1:1;
Phil 1:1; Col 1:2; etc.); their charity is practised “for his sake”, for God. In their
present circumstances, in the persecution they are experiencing, God will not
abandon them (cf. Heb 10:33-34), for they have been generous in the almsgiving
and hospitality that is so proper to Christians (cf. Rom 15:25, 31; 1 Cor 16:15;
Eph 1:15; 2 Cor 8:4; 9:1, 12). “Now that we hear this—I beg you—let us serve the
saints!, for every member of the faithful is a saint by the mere fact of belonging
to the faithful [...]. Let us not be charitable only towards monks who live in the
mountains. It is true that their faith and their lives make them saints, but many
of those who live here are also saints: all are saints by virtue of their faith, and
many are saints by virtue of their lives too. So, if you see someone suffering, do
not doubt it for one moment: his very suffering gives him the right to be helped”
(St John Chrysostom, “Hom. on Heb.”, 10). It is not enough, however, to have
a history of doing good: it is necessary to persevere in doing good, as if to say:
By seeing through to the end what you have started you shall obtain everything
you hope for. They must do good right “to the end”, for he who endures to the
end will be saved (cf. Mt 10:22; 24:13; “Commentary on Heb.”, 4, 3). “Eternal life
should be set before those who persevere in good works ‘to the end’ (cf. Mt 10:
22) and who hope in God; it should be set before them as being the grace that
God, through Jesus Christ, has mercifully promised his sons and ‘as the reward
which, according to God’s personal undertaking, most assuredly will be given
them for their good works and merits (cf. St Augustine, “De Natura Et Gratia”,
VIII, 20)” (Council of Trent, “De Iustificatione”, Chap. 16).

However, there is always the danger of slowing down: lazy people often excuse
their inaction by pointing to the suffering and difficulties that doing good involves.
The strength of one’s resolutions is shown by the way one copes with difficulties:
“You will convince me that you sincerely want to achieve your goals when I see
you go forward unwaveringly. Do good [...]; practise the virtue of justice, right
where you are, in your normal surroundings, even if you end up exhausted. Fos-
ter happiness among those around you by cheerfully serving the people you work
with and by striving to carry out your job as perfectly as you can, showing under-
standing, smiling, having a Christian approach to life. And do everything for God,
thinking of his glory, with your sights set high and longing for the definitive home-
land, because there is no other goal worthwhile” (St. J. Escriva, “Friends of God”,
211).

13-15. Abraham is an example, for every generation, of faith that is full of hope
and patience; he is a man with great strength of character (cf. Rom 5:3-5). Al-
ready in the Epistle to the Romans Abraham is cited as an example of faith and
hope (cf. Rom 4:18-22). There St Paul highlights Abraham’s faith in the Lord’s
promise that he would have innumerable descendants in spite of the fact that he
was already an old man and unlikely to father children (cf. Gen 15:5; 17:1, 17).
The Apostle may also have been alluding to the episode (cf. Gen 22), when God
asked the patriarch to sacrifice Isaac, the son he had so yearned for: at that
point Abraham did indeed “believe against hope” (cf. Rom 4:18; Gen 22:15-17).
Here, on the other hand, of all the various promises made to Abraham of bles-
sings and numerous offspring (cf. Gen 12:2-3, 7; 13:14-17; 15:5-7; 13:16; 17:4-8,
19), what is explicitly mentioned is the promise made after God prevented him
from sacrificing his son. That was the first occasion the Lord “swore by himself”
to a man. This divine promise, supported by an oath and seen as the most so-
lemn “word of Yahweh”, was the foundation of Israel’s hope for thousands of
years. Abraham himself recalled it when he was dying (cf. Gen 24:7); it was the
support of Moses in all his great endeavors (cf. Ex 13:5,11; 32:13); David, too,
gave thanks to God for it(1 Chron 16:16; Ps 105:9); and at the dawn of the Re-
demption Zechariah rejoiced over it (Lk 1:73): it was “the oath which God swore
to our Father Abraham” and it was fulfilled in Christ and in the Church (cf. Gal
4:21-31).

Abraham “obtained the promise” in the sense that he was enabled to see with
his own eyes his promised son, Isaac, who was born to Sarah despite her old
age. Not alone that: the New Testament tells us (cf. Jn 8:56; Gal 3:8) that he
was given some sort of prophetic vision which allowed him to see the day of
Christ and rejoice at it.

16. Secular writers of antiquity used to define an oath as something attached to
a statement which cannot be proved, to provide a divine guarantee (cf. Pseudo-
Aristotle, “Speech to Alexander”). This meant that they regarded an oath as a
proof at law, to be put alongside the text of the law, the evidence of witnesses,
agreement between the parties, and a confession of guilt. The Jews regarded
an oath as something so awesome, so solemn, that they never dared swear an
oath by God directly; instead they would swear by angels or by the life of men,
such as the Messiah, Moses, Solomon, or by the gates of the temple, etc. (cf.
Mt 5:34-36; 23:16-22). Philo of Alexandria, an heir to Jewish tradition and Greco-
Roman thought, says that “by means of oaths, matters subject to doubt before
the courts are resolved; what was not clear is made clear; and what was regar-
ded as unreliable is rendered reliable” (”De Sacrificio Abel”, 91).

St Thomas Aquinas developed and combined these ideas by saying that “an
oath is an act of the virtue of religion which gives reliability to something previous-
ly in doubt. For in the sphere of knowledge nothing becomes certain unless it be
demonstrated from something which is more certainly known. When oaths are
taken, this certainty is obtained because the oath is sworn on God, who is the
greatest and surest there is, since for men nothing is truer than God” (”Commen-
tary on Heb, ad loc.”). The Thomist definition has become widely accepted be-
cause it also fits in with the commonly held view that swearing an oath is a way
of honoring the sacred name of God. When an oath is properly made — meeting
the necessary traditional requirements of truth justice and judgment — that is,
when it is made sincerely, for good reasons and not lightly, it is a morally good
and meritorious act because it does honor to God’s infinite truthfulness.

On Christ’s teachings concerning oath-taking see the notes on Mt 5:33-37 and
23:16-22.

17-18. “Through two unchangeable things”: in promises made by God his vera-
city is doubly committed—as the taker of the oath and as its guarantor.

God’s covenant with Abraham and his oath to give him descendants took place
at separate times (cf. Gen 15:7-18; 22:16-18). However, both episodes stem from
a single act of God’s will, in that he wanted to reward Abraham’s obedience and
at the same time commit himself by the use of external formalities proper to He-
brew legal practice. Among the Hebrews, when people made a pact, they sacri-
ficed animals; the victims were then quartered and the contracting parties walked
between the carcasses to symbolize that they would die the same death if they
failed to keep the pact. God passed between the pieces of the animals Abraham
sacrificed, in the form of a flaming torch, thereby giving him to understand that
he (God) was under a most solemn obligation to do what he promised. In the se-
cond episode this rite was not repeated, but he “interposed with an oath”, rene-
wing as it were the “passing between” rite that accompanied the covenant.

God chose to express his promise by following this human form of contract in
order to make his words more intelligible and to give us greater confidence.

19-20. God’s promise and oath are the gateway to our salvation, an anchor
which makes us feel safe no matter what hazards threaten us. The Christian,
who is, through faith, the true descendant of Abraham (cf. Rom 4:12) and the
heir of the promise (cf. Gal 3:14, 16, 29), is therefore certain that God will keep
his word. That is why the text says that we should “have strong encouragement
to seize the hope set before us” (v. 18). Hope is a kind of hold on what is pro-
mised, a kind of anchor that is “sure and steadfast”. “For just as the anchor
thrown overboard prevents the ship from moving, even if it is being battered by
countless winds, but instead keeps it in one place, hope has the same effect”
(Chrysostom, “Hom. on Heb.”, 11). Greek and Roman authors often used the
simile of an anchor in connection with being steadfast in virtue and hopeful of
happier times. The anchor has always been a motif in Christian art expressive
of much more than a human sense of safety: it symbolizes the Christian’s faith,
his certainty in the resurrection of the Lord and in his own resurrection; it is a
symbol of a confidence which stems from his intimate union with Christ. The sa-
cred text brings together all those ideas: in a certain sense the anchor is Christ
himself who through his redemptive sacrifice gives us the conviction that we can
with him enter “into the inner shrine”, that is, the heavenly sanctuary. “I have
asked you to keep on lifting your eyes up to heaven as you go about your work,
because hope encourages us to grasp the strong hand which God never ceases
to reach out to us, to keep us from losing our supernatural point of view. Let us
persevere even when our passions rear up and attack us, attempting to imprison
us within the narrow confines of our selfishness; or when puerile vanity makes
us think we are the center of the universe. I am convinced that unless I look up-
ward, unless I have Jesus, I will never accomplish anything. And I know that the
strength to conquer myself and to win comes from repeating that cry, ‘I can do
all things in him who strengthens me’ (Phil 4:13), words which reflect God’s firm
promise not to abandon his children if they do not abandon him” (St. J. Escriva,
“Friends of God”, 213). “A man should be tied to hope in the same way as the
anchor is tied to the ship. But there is a difference between the anchor and hope:
the anchor reaches down to get its hold, whereas hope reaches upwards, laying
hold of God” (”Commentary on Heb., ad loc.”).

20. The sacrifice, resurrection and glorification of Christ are the grounds of our
hope. In the Old Testament, the high priest entered the Holy of Holies once a
year, on the Day of Atonement; this he did after offering one sacrifice in expiation
of his own sins and another for the sins of the entire people. By his sacrifice on
the cross, Christ entered into the true sanctuary of heaven and gave all men ac-
cess to it. The reason for our firm hope is the fact that Christ has entered heaven.
“It was not into the Holy of Holies (where Moses entered) but behind the curtain,
into heaven, that he, Christ Jesus, went as our forerunner and was made a priest
forever. He went not like Aaron, to offer the sacrificial victims, but to offer prayer
for all the nations, like Melchizedek” (St Ephraem, “Com. in Epist. ad Haebreos”,
6).

The description here of Christ as a “forerunner” has great depth and beauty. This
is the only time this word is used in the New Testament, although Christian tradi-
tion soon came to use it, on the basis of the prophecy of Malachi (Mal 3:1), to
describe St John the Baptist, the envoy sent in advance of Jesus to prepare his
way (cf. Mk 1:2; Lk 1:76). Here the perspective is slightly different: it has to do
not with preparing for the proclamation of the Gospel but with attaining final beati-
tude. Christ has gone before us into heaven to prepare a place for us (cf. Jn 14:2):
he is our hope (cf. Col 1:27; 1 Tim 1:1), our life (cf. Col 3:4), our way (cf. Jn 14:6),
whereby we have access to the Father (cf. Eph 2:18-2:7). Christ is a “forerunner”
in the literal sense of the word—one who “runs ahead”, who went on ahead of the
party to announce its arrival; or it can be understood in the sense of the first one
to reach the finish, the first to finish the race. For our Lord is the first-born among
the dead, the first in everything (cf. Col 1:18) the first fruits of those who will arise
(cf. 1 Cor 15:20). By his merits he has already obtained the prize that we hope
to win. Christian hope cannot falter, for it is based on the perennial value of the
sacrifice and priesthood of Christ. Thus, the last words of this chapter remind us
of the main theme of the epistle.

*********************************************************************************************
Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.

From: Mark 2:23-28

The Law of the Sabbath

[23] One Sabbath He (Jesus) was going through the grainfields; and as they
made their way His disciples began to pluck ears of grain. [24] And the Phari-
sees said to Him, “Look, why are they doing what is not lawful on the Sabbath?”
[25] And He said to them, “Have you never read what David did, when he was
in need and hungry, he and those who were with him: [26] how he entered the
house of God, when Abiathar was high priest, and ate the bread of the Presence,
which it is not lawful for any but the priests to eat, and also gave it to those who
were with him?” [27] And He said to them, “The Sabbath was made for man,
not man for the Sabbath; [28] so the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath.”

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

24. Cf. note on Matthew 12:2. [Note on Matthew 12:2 states: “The Sabbath”:
this was the day the Jews set aside for worshipping God. God Himself, the ori-
ginator of the Sabbath (Genesis 2:3), ordered the Jewish people to avoid certain
kinds of work on this day (Exodus 20:8-11; 21:13; Deuteronomy 5:14) to leave
them free to give more time to God. As time went by, the rabbis complicated
this Divine precept: by Jesus’ time they had extended to 39 the list of kinds of
forbidden work.

The Pharisees accuse Jesus’ disciples of breaking the Sabbath. In the casuis-
try of the scribes and the Pharisees, plucking ears of corn was the same as har-
vesting, and crushing them was the same as milling—types of agricultural work
forbidden on the Sabbath.]

26-27. The bread of the Presence consisted of twelve loaves or cakes placed
each morning on the table in the sanctuary, as homage to the Lord from the
twelve tribes of Israel (cf. Leviticus 24:5-9). The loaves withdrawn to make room
for the fresh ones were reserved to the priests.

Abiathar’s action anticipates what Christ teaches here. Already in the Old Tes-
tament God had established a hierarchy in the precepts of the Law so that the
lesser ones yielded to the main ones.

This explains why a ceremonial precept (such as the one we are discussing)
should yield before a precept of the natural law. Similarly, the commandment
to keep the Sabbath does not come before the duty to seek basic subsistence.
Vatican II uses this passage of the Gospel to underline the value of the human
person over and above economic and social development: “The social order and
its development must constantly yield to the good of the person, since the order
of things must be subordinate to the order of persons and not the other way
around, as the Lord suggested when He said that the Sabbath was made for
man and not man for the Sabbath. The social order requires constant improve-
ment: it must be founded on truth, built on justice, and enlivened by love”
(”Gaudium Et Spes”, 26).

Finally in this passage Christ teaches God’s purpose in instituting the Sabbath:
God established it for man’s good, to help him rest and devote himself to Divine
worship in joy and peace. The Pharisees, through their interpretation of the Law,
had turned this day into a source of anguish and scruple due to all the various
prescriptions and prohibitions they introduced.

By proclaiming Himself ‘Lord of the Sabbath’, Jesus affirms His divinity and His
universal authority. Because He is Lord He has the power to establish other
laws, as Yahweh had in the Old Testament.

28. The Sabbath had been established not only for man’s rest but also to give
glory to God: that is the correct meaning of the expression “the Sabbath was
made for man.” Jesus has every right to say He is Lord of the Sabbath, be-
cause He is God. Christ restores to the weekly day of rest its full, religious
meaning: it is not just a matter of fulfilling a number of legal precepts or of con-
cern for physical well-being: the Sabbath belongs to God; it is one way, suited
to human nature, of rendering glory and honor to the Almighty. The Church,
from the time of the Apostles onwards, transferred the observance of this pre-
cept to the following day, Sunday—the Lord’s Day—in celebration of the resur-
rection of Christ.

“Son of Man”: the origin of the messianic meaning of this expression is to be
found particularly in the prophecy of Daniel 7:13ff, where Daniel, in a prophetic
vision, contemplates ‘one like the Son of Man’ coming down on the clouds of
Heaven, who even goes right up to God’s throne and is given dominion and glo-
ry and royal power over all peoples and nations. This expression appears 69
times in the Synoptic Gospels; Jesus prefers it to other ways of describing the
Messiah — such as Son of David, Messiah, et cetera — thereby avoiding the na-
tionalistic overtones those expressions had in Jewish minds at the time (cf. “In-
troduction to the Gospel according to St. Mark”, p. 62 above).

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.

Readings at Mass
Liturgical Colour: Green.

First reading
Hebrews 6:10-20 ©
In this hope we have an anchor for our soul
God would not be so unjust as to forget all you have done, the love that you have for his name or the services you have done, and are still doing, for the saints. Our one desire is that every one of you should go on showing the same earnestness to the end, to the perfect fulfilment of our hopes, never growing careless, but imitating those who have the faith and the perseverance to inherit the promises.
When God made the promise to Abraham, he swore by his own self, since it was impossible for him to swear by anyone greater: I will shower blessings on you and give you many descendants. Because of that, Abraham persevered and saw the promise fulfilled. Men, of course, swear an oath by something greater than themselves, and between men, confirmation by an oath puts an end to all dispute. In the same way, when God wanted to make the heirs to the promise thoroughly realise that his purpose was unalterable, he conveyed this by an oath; so that there would be two unalterable things in which it was impossible for God to be lying, and so that we, now we have found safety, should have a strong encouragement to take a firm grip on the hope that is held out to us. Here we have an anchor for our soul, as sure as it is firm, and reaching right through beyond the veil where Jesus has entered before us and on our behalf, to become a high priest of the order of Melchizedek, and for ever.

Responsorial Psalm
Psalm 110(111):1-2,4-5,9,10 ©
The Lord keeps his covenant ever in mind.
I will thank the Lord with all my heart
in the meeting of the just and their assembly.
Great are the works of the Lord,
to be pondered by all who love them.
The Lord keeps his covenant ever in mind.
He makes us remember his wonders.
The Lord is compassion and love.
He gives food to those who fear him;
keeps his covenant ever in mind.
The Lord keeps his covenant ever in mind.
He has sent deliverance to his people
and established his covenant for ever.
Holy his name, to be feared.
His praise shall last for ever!
The Lord keeps his covenant ever in mind.

Gospel Acclamation
Ps118:18
Alleluia, alleluia!
Open my eyes, O Lord, that I may consider
the wonders of your law.
Alleluia!
Or:
cf.Ep1:17,18
Alleluia, alleluia!
May the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ
enlighten the eyes of our mind,
so that we can see what hope his call holds for us.
Alleluia!

Gospel
Mark 2:23-28 ©
The sabbath was made for man, not man for the sabbath
One sabbath day, Jesus happened to be taking a walk through the cornfields, and his disciples began to pick ears of corn as they went along. And the Pharisees said to him, ‘Look, why are they doing something on the sabbath day that is forbidden?’ And he replied, ‘Did you never read what David did in his time of need when he and his followers were hungry – how he went into the house of God when Abiathar was high priest, and ate the loaves of offering which only the priests are allowed to eat, and how he also gave some to the men with him?’
And he said to them, ‘The sabbath was made for man, not man for the sabbath; the Son of Man is master even of the sabbath.’

23. And it came to pass, that he went through the corn fields on the sabbath day; and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of corn.
24. And the Pharisees said to him, Behold, why do they on the sabbath day that which is not lawful?
25. And he said to them, Have you never read what David did, when he had need, and was an hungered, he, and they that were with him?
26. How he went into the house of God, in the days of Abiathar the High Priest, and did eat the show-bread, which is not lawful to eat but for the priests, and gave also to them which were with him?
27. And he said to them, The sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath:
28. Therefore the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath.

PSEUD-CHRYS. The disciples of Christ, freed from the figure, and united to the truth, do not keep the figurative feast of the sabbath, wherefore it is said, And it came to pass, that he went through the corn fields on the sabbath day; and his disciples began, as they went, to pluck the ears of corn.

BEDE; We read also in the following part, that they who came and went away were many, and that they had not time enough to take their food, wherefore, according to man's nature, they were hungry.

CHRYS. But being hungry, they no ate simple food, not for pleasure, but on account of the necessity of nature. The Pharisees however, serving the figure and the shadow, accused the disciples of doing wrong. Wherefore there follows, But the Pharisees said to him, Behold, why do they on the sabbath day that which is not lawful.

AUG. For it was a precept in Israel, delivered by a written law, that no one should detain a thief found in his fields unless he tried to take something away with him. For the man, who had touched nothing else but what he had eaten, they were commanded to allow to go away free and unpunished. Wherefore the Jews accused our Lord's disciples, who were plucking the ears of corn, of breaking the sabbath, rather than of theft.

PSEUD-CHRYS. But our Lord brings forward David, to whom it once happened to eat though it was forbidden by the law, when he touched the Priest's food, that by his example, he might do away with their accusation of the disciples. For there follows, Have you never read, &c.

THEOPHYL. For David, when flying from the face of Saul, went to the Chief Priest, and ate the show-bread , and took away the sword of Goliath, which things had been offered to the Lord. But a question has been raised how the Evangelist called Abiathar at this time High Priest, when the Book of Kings calls him Abimelech.

BEDE; There is, however, no discrepancy, for both were there, when David came to ask for bread, and received it: that is to say, Abimelech, the High Priest, and Abiathar his son; but Abimelech having been slain by Saul, Abiathar fled to David, and became the Companion of all his exile afterwards. When he came to the throne, he himself also received the rank of High Priest, amid the son became of much greater excellence than the falter, and therefore was worthy to be mentioned as the High Priest, even during his father's life-time It goes on: And he said to them, the sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath.

For greater is the care to be taken of the health and life of a man, than the keeping of the sabbath. Therefore the sabbath was ordered to be observed in such a way, that, if there were a necessity, he should not be guilty, who broke the sabbath-day; therefore it was not forbidden to circumcise on the sabbath, because that was a necessary work. And the Maccabees, when necessity pressed on them, fought on the Sabbath-day. Wherefore, His disciples being hungry, what was not allowed in the law became lawful through their necessity of hunger; as now, if a sick man break a fast, he is not held guilty in any way.

It goes on: Therefore the Son of man is Lord, &c. As if he said, David the king is to be excused for feeding on the food of the priests, how much more the Son of man, the true King and Priest, and Lord of the sabbath, is free from fault, for pulling ears of corn on the sabbath-day.

PSEUD-CHRYS. He calls himself properly, Lord of the sabbath, and Son of man, since being the Son of God, he deigned to be called Son of man, for the sake of men. Now the law has no authority over the Lawgiver and Lord, for more is allowed the king, than is appointed by the law. The law is given to the weak indeed, but not to the perfect and to those who work above what the law enjoins.

BEDE; But in a mystical sense the disciples pass through the corn fields, when the holy doctors look with the care of a pious solicitude upon those whom they have initiated in the faith, and who, it is implied, are hungering for time best of all things, the salvation of men. But to pluck the ears of corn means to snatch men away from the eager desire of earthly things. And to rub with the hands is by examples of virtue to put from the purity of their minds the concupiscence of the flesh, as men do husks.

To eat the grains is when a man, cleansed from the filth of vice by the months of preachers, is incorporated amongst the members of the Church. Again, fitly are the disciples related to have done this, walking before the face of the Lord, for it is necessary that the discourse of the doctor should come first, although the grace of visitation from on high, following it, must enlighten the heart of the hearer. And well, on the sabbath-day, for the doctors themselves in preaching labor for the hope of future rest, and teach their hearers to toil over their tasks for the sake of eternal repose.

THEOPHYL. Or else, because when they have rest from their passions, then are they made doctors to head others to virtue, plucking away from them earthly things.

BEDE; Again, if they walk through the corn fields with the Lord, who rejoice in meditating upon His sacred words. They hunger, when they desire to find in them the bread of life; and they hunger on sabbath days, as soon as their minds are in a soothing rest, and they rejoice in freedom from troubled thoughts; they pluck the ears of corn, and by rubbing, cleanse them, till they come to what is fit to eat, when by meditation they take to themselves the witness of the Scriptures, to which they arrive by reading, and discuss them continually, until they find in them the marrow of love; this refreshment of the mind is truly unpleasing to fools, but is approved by the Lord.

Catena Aurea Mark 2

Pray a Rosary each day for our nation.

1. Sign of the Cross: In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

2. The Apostles Creed: I BELIEVE in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth, and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended into hell; on the third day he rose again from the dead; he ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty; from there He shall come to judge the living and the dead.

I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.

3. The Lord's Prayer: OUR Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.

4. (3) Hail Mary: HAIL Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now, and in the hour of our death. Amen. (Three times)

5. Glory Be: GLORY be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.

6. Fatima Prayer: Oh, my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of hell, lead all souls to heaven, especially those in most need of your mercy.

Announce each mystery, then say 1 Our Father, 10 Hail Marys, 1 Glory Be and 1 Fatima prayer. Repeat the process with each mystery.

End with the Hail Holy Queen:
Hail, Holy Queen, Mother of Mercy, our life, our sweetness and our hope! To thee do we cry, poor banished children of Eve! To thee do we send up our sighs, mourning and weeping in this vale of tears! Turn then, most gracious advocate, thine eyes of mercy towards us; and after this, our exile, show unto us the blessed fruit of thy womb, Jesus!

O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary! Pray for us, O holy Mother of God, that we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ.

Final step -- The Sign of the Cross

The Mysteries of the Rosary By tradition, Catholics meditate on these Mysteries during prayers of the Rosary. The biblical references follow each of the Mysteries below.

The Sorrowful Mysteries

(Tuesdays and Fridays)

1. The Agony in the Garden (Matthew 26:36-46, Luke 22:39-46) [Spiritual fruit - God's will be done]
2. The Scourging at the Pillar (Matthew 27:26, Mark 15:15, John 19:1) [Spiritual fruit - Mortification of the senses]
3. The Crowning with Thorns (Matthew 27:27-30, Mark 15:16-20, John 19:2) [Spiritual fruit - Reign of Christ in our heart]
4. The Carrying of the Cross (Matthew 27:31-32, Mark 15:21, Luke 23:26-32, John 19:17) [Spiritual fruit - Patient bearing of trials]
5. The Crucifixion (Matthew 27:33-56, Mark 15:22-39, Luke 23:33-49, John 19:17-37) [Spiritual fruit - Pardoning of Injuries]

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Mark
	English: Douay-Rheims	Latin: Vulgata Clementina	Greek NT: Byzantine/Majority Text (2000)
	Mark 2
23.	And it came to pass again, as the Lord walked through the corn fields on the sabbath, that his disciples began to go forward, and to pluck the ears of corn.	Et factum est iterum Dominus sabbatis ambularet per sata, et discipuli ejus cœperunt progredi, et vellere spicas.	και εγενετο παραπορευεσθαι αυτον εν τοις σαββασιν δια των σποριμων και ηρξαντο οι μαθηται αυτου οδον ποιειν τιλλοντες τους σταχυας
24.	And the Pharisees said to him: Behold, why do they on the sabbath day that which is not lawful?	Pharisæi autem dicebant ei : Ecce, quid faciunt sabbatis quod non licet ?	και οι φαρισαιοι ελεγον αυτω ιδε τι ποιουσιν εν τοις σαββασιν ο ουκ εξεστιν
25.	And he said to them: Have you never read what David did when he had need, and was hungry himself, and they that were with him?	Et ait illis : Numquam legistis quid fecerit David, quando necessitatem habuit, et esuriit ipse, et qui cum eo erant ?	και αυτος ελεγεν αυτοις ουδεποτε ανεγνωτε τι εποιησεν δαυιδ οτε χρειαν εσχεν και επεινασεν αυτος και οι μετ αυτου
26.	How he went into the house of God, under Abiathar the high priest, and did eat the loaves of proposition, which was not lawful to eat but for the priests, and gave to them who were with him?	quomodo introibit in domum Dei sub Abiathar principe sacerdotum, et panes propositionis manducavit, quos non licebat manducare, nisi sacerdotibus, et dedit eis qui cum eo erant ?	πως εισηλθεν εις τον οικον του θεου επι αβιαθαρ αρχιερεως και τους αρτους της προθεσεως εφαγεν ους ουκ εξεστιν φαγειν ει μη τοις ιερευσιν και εδωκεν και τοις συν αυτω ουσιν
27.	And he said to them: The sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath.	Et dicebat eis : Sabbatum propter hominem factum est, et non homo propter sabbatum.	και ελεγεν αυτοις το σαββατον δια τον ανθρωπον εγενετο ουχ ο ανθρωπος δια το σαββατον
28.	Therefore the Son of man is Lord of the sabbath also.	Itaque Dominus est Filius hominis, etiam sabbati.	ωστε κυριος εστιν ο υιος του ανθρωπου και του σαββατου