The FReeper Foxhole Remembers The Battle of Tippecanoe (11/7/1811 ) - July, 27th, 2003

http://www.tcha.mus.in.us/battlefield.htm ^

[SAMWolf]

Dear Lord,

There's a young man far from home,
called to serve his nation in time of war;
sent to defend our freedom
on some distant foreign shore.

We pray You keep him safe,
we pray You keep him strong,
we pray You send him safely home ...
for he's been away so long.

There's a young woman far from home,
serving her nation with pride.
Her step is strong, her step is sure,
there is courage in every stride.
We pray You keep her safe,
we pray You keep her strong,
we pray You send her safely home ...
for she's been away too long.

Bless those who await their safe return.
Bless those who mourn the lost.
Bless those who serve this country well,
no matter what the cost.

Author Unknown

.

FReepers from the The Foxhole
join in prayer for all those serving their country at this time.

.

.................................................................................................................................

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The Battle of Tippecanoe

It seems hard to believe that a wooded area seven miles north of Lafayette, Indiana, played such a major role in American history. Yet it was on this spot the American Indian lost his grip on the fertile Midwestern lands he had roamed for thousands of years. It was also on this spot some years later that a gathering took place that helped launch the modern political campaign. That wooded area is the Tippecanoe Battlefield, a National Historic Landmark that attracts tens of thousands of visitors to northern Tippecanoe County annually.

Native American Settlement

Early man and many Indian tribes roamed this part of the Wabash Valley before the thriving trading post of Keth-tip-pe-can-nunk was established in the eighteenth century. Known to many as "Tippecanoe", the village thrived until 1791, when it was razed in an attempt to scatter the Indians and open the land to the new white settlers.



Prophet

Seventeen years later a new Indian village was established on or near the old Keth-tip-pe-can-nunk site at the Wabash/Tippecanoe River junction. Known as "Prophet's Town", this village was destined to become the capitol of a great Indian confederacy -- their equivalent to Washington, D.C.

The town was founded in May, 1808, when two Shawnee brothers, Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (the Prophet), left their native Ohio after being permitted to settle on these Potawatomi and Kickapoo-held lands.

The Protagonists

Tecumseh and the Prophet planned to unite many tribes into an organized defense against the growing number of western settlers. Through this union they could defend the lands they had lived on for thousands of years.



Tecumseh

In addition to being a seat of diplomacy, Prophet's Town became a training center for the warriors, with a rigorous spiritual and athletic regimen. As many as one thousand warriors were based in the capitol at its peak.

The white settlers of the Indiana territory were disturbed by the increasing activities and power of Tecumseh's followers. In the late summer of 1811, the governor of the territory, Gen. William Henry Harrison, organized a small army of 1,000 men, hoping to destroy the town while Tecumseh was on a southern recruitment drive. The regiment arrived on Nov. 6, 1811, and upon meeting with representatives of the Prophet, it was mutually agreed that there would be no hostilities until a meeting could be held on the following day. Harrison's scouts then guided the troops to a suitable campsite on a wooded hill about a mile west of Prophet's Town.

The Battle

Upon arriving at the site, Harrison warned his men of the possible treachery of the Prophet. The troops were placed in a quadrangular formation; each man was to sleep fully clothed. Fires were lit to combat the cold, rainy night, and a large detail was assigned to sentinel the outposts.



William Harrison

Although Tecumseh had warned his brother not to attack the white men until the confederation was strong and completely unified, the incensed Prophet lashed his men with fiery oratory. Claiming the white man's bullets could not harm them, the Prophet led his men near the army campsite. From a high rock ledge west of the camp, he gave an order to attack just before daybreak on the following day.

The sentinels were ready, and the first gunshot was fired when the yells of the warriors were heard. Many of the men awoke to find the Indians upon them. Although only a handful of the soldiers had had previous battle experience, the army bloodily fought off the reckless, determined Indian attack. Two hours later, thirty-seven soldiers were dead, twenty-five others were to die of injuries, and over 126 were wounded. The Indian casualties were unknown, but their spirit was crushed. Angered by his deceit, the weary warriors stripped the Prophet of his power and threatened to kill him.

Harrison, expecting Tecumseh to return with a large band of Indians, fortified his camp soon after the battle. No man was permitted to sleep the following night.



Taking care of their dead and wounded, the demoralized Indians left Prophet's Town, abandoning most of their food and belongings. When Harrison's men arrived at the village on November 8, they found only an aged squaw, whom they left with a wounded chief found not far from the battlefield. After burning the town, the army began their painful return to Vincennes.

The Aftermath

Tecumseh returned three months later to find his dream in ashes. Believing the reconstruction of the confederation to be too risky and the chance of Indian survival under the United States government to be dim, he gathered his remaining followers and allied himself with the British forces. Tecumseh played a key role in the War of 1812, being active in the fall of Detroit, but he was killed at the Battle of the Thames on October 5, 1813, at the age of forty-five.



Scorned by the Indians and renounced by Tecumseh, the Prophet took refuge along nearby Wildcat Creek. Although remaining in disgrace, the Prophet retained a small band of followers, who roamed with him through the Northwest and Canada during the War of 1812. He died in Wyandotte County, Kansas, in November, 1834.

Gen. Harrison remained governor of Indiana Territory until September, 1812, when he was assigned command of the Northwestern frontier in the War of 1812. He was in command at the capture of Detroit and the Battle of the Thames, where Tecumseh was killed. At the close of the war, Harrison returned to public life at his old home in North Bend, Ohio. He served in the Ohio state senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and the U.S. Senate.

The Rally


The mural of the Battle of Tippecanoe is 48 feet long and was painted by Robert Grafton in 1915 for the old Fowler Hotel. In 1966 it was moved to the Courthouse and restored with the help of the Kiwanis Club.

Harrison was an unsuccessful Whig candidate for President in 1836, and four years later his followers were still determined to land him in the White House. After he clinched the nomination a second time, the Whigs prepared a massive rally at the Tippecanoe Battlefield on May 29, 1840. Over 30,000 people followed the poor roads and trails or the winding rivers to sing the praises of "Old Tipp"! Roast beef and pork were everywhere, the stew and bread were free, and the hard cider flowed. Catchy campaign songs capitalized on that great political slogan, "Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too!". Bands, floats. stump speeches, and majestic tales of the battle added special color to the event. The Tippecanoe rally and similar events were successful, and Harrison landed the coveted office. He died just a month after assuming the Presidency, but the hoopla at the battlefield and other places lives on as the modern, festive political campaign.

[SAMWolf]

At the dawn of the 19th century, two Shawnee brothers, Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa, led a native movement to resist the incursion of the "white man." While Tecumseh's focus was the protection of native territory, his brother's concerns were of a more spiritual nature. In 1808, the brothers' disciples began to settle at Prophet's Town on the Tippecanoe River.



Meanwhile, William Henry Harrison, the Governor of Indiana Territory, was intent on clearing First Nations people out of the Old Northwest to make way for American settlers. Despite several attempts at negotiation, Harrison and the brothers were headed for a tragic collision .

In November of 1811, while Tecumseh was in the southern U.S. enlisting support for his confederacy, Harrison moved up the Wabash River towards Prophet's Town with 1000 men. Included in the bunch were a combination of US army soldiers, Indiana militiamen and eager volunteers from Kentucky where Indian fighting was a glorious tradition.

A dozen miles from the native village, Harrison stopped and sent out scouts. He was knew that Washington would prefer a peaceful settlement with the First Nations people, but many of the men who had followed him were chomping at the bit for a fight. Three native messengers approached and declared that Tenskwatawa was willing to meet them the following day in order to discuss Harrison's demands. Harrison and his men set up camp a mile away from Prophet's Town.

The native warriors were certain that Harrison's forces intended to attack them regardless of negotiations, so they decided to attack first. At the crack of dawn on November 7, they ambushed the American forces. It was a frantic battle fought in the half-light. By the time Harrison realized what was happening, his men were falling all around him. By daybreak however, the entire American line was engaged and the warriors were beginning to falter. After a final charge from the flanks, the Prophet's force was depleted of ammunition and they had to retreat across the marshy prairie. Two days later, Harrison's men plundered Prophet's Town and burned it to the ground.

Both the warriors and the Americans suffered about two hundred dead or wounded. Nevertheless, Harrison portrayed the engagement as a victory for settler's rights and won instant national fame.

Contrary to American hopes, the battle of Tippecanoe did not destroy Tecumseh's confederacy or Tenskwatawa's power. Many First Nations people were so incensed by Harrison's tactics that they joined forces with the British military to fight against their common enemy - the Americans.

The Methodists

By the 1850s, the battlefield was already attracting visitors and picnickers. A refreshing artesian spring was discovered, and the Louisville, New Albany, & Salem Railroad laid its tracks along the eastern edge of the battlefield. A large wooden frame refreshment stand was erected on land adjacent to the battlefield to serve the growing number of visitors.

The stand and surrounding acreage became the property of the Northwest Indiana Conference of the Methodist Church in 1857. The building served as a school -- the Battle Ground Collegiate Institute -- until 1862, when it was replaced by a larger structure.

In 1873 the battle site was enclosed by an iron fence, which survives. Two years later the land just north of the fence was developed as a Methodist campground. The boarding house was remodeled into a hotel, and a 2500-seat tabernacle was erected. The Battle Ground campground became extremely popular, and as many as 10,000 persons attended special programs.

By the early 1920s the campground had become basically a retreat area for youth.

The camp was active through the early sixties and new buildings were erected to replace the old. A sesquicentennial celebration in 1961 attracted 10,000 people to Battle Ground, but interest in maintaining the old camp and the battlefield dwindled after the event. Although great plans were made for the area, the camp eventually shut down and the grounds were neglected.

The Monument

The battlefield was in disarray for many years after the conflict, although there was sporadic attention given to the site. Nearly two decades following the battle, serious motions were begun to preserve and mark the battlefield. In 1834 the Indiana General Assembly authorized the acceptance of the sixteen-acre campsite from its owner, battle veteran John Tipton. The tract was formally presented on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the conflict in 1836. The return of Gen. Harrison to the site in 1835 inspired toasts to the raising of a monument commemorating the battle. It would be seventy-three years before this was accomplished.

The Battle of Tippecanoe memorial is located on the battlefield in nearby Battle Ground, Indiana. It was dedicated in 1908. Photo by Kevin Cullen/Journal and Courier

Increasing activity at the site, by attendees at the Methodist Campground in the late 1800s, brought new urgency into erecting a suitable memorial to the battle. An association organized in 1892 worked the state and national representatives into funding a monument. It wasn't until 1908 that the 85-foot marble obelisk was finally erected, at a cost of $24,500.

[SAMWolf]

The following account of the battle of Tippecanoe is taken from the official dispatch sent by General Harrison to the secretary of war, on the 18th of November, eleven days after the battle:

"I had risen at a quarter after four o'clock, and the signal for calling out the men would have been given in two minutes, when the attack commenced. It began on the left flank; but a single gun was fired by the sentinels, or by the guard in that direction, which made not the least resistance, but abandoned their officer and fled into camp; and the first notice which the troops of that flank had of the danger, was from the yells of the savages a short distance from the line; but, even under these circumstances, the men were not wanting to themselves or to the occasion. Such of them as were awake, or were easily awakened, seized their arms and took their stations; others, which were more tardy, had to contend with the enemy in the doors of their tents. The storm first fell upon Captain Barton's company, of the Fourth United States Regiment, and Captain Guiger's company of mounted riflemen, which formed the left angle of the rear line. The fire upon these was excessively severe, and they suffered considerably before relief could be brought to them. Some few Indians passed into the encampment near the angle, and one or two penetrated to some distance before they were killed. I believe all the other companies were under arms, and tolerably formed, before they were fired on. The morning was dark and cloudy. Our fires afforded a partial light, which, if it gave us some opportunity of taking our position, was still more advantageous to the enemy, affording them the means of taking a surer aim. They were, therefore, extinguished as soon as possible.

"Under these discouraging circumstances, the troops (nineteen-twentieths of whom had never been in an action before) behaved in a manner that can never be too much applauded. They took their places without noise, and with less confusion than could have been expected from veterans placed in a similar situation. As soon as I could mount my horse, I rode to the angle that was attacked. I found that Barton's company had suffered severely, and the left of Guiger's entirely broken. I immediately ordered Cook's company, and the late Captain Wentworth's, under Lieutenant Peters, to be brought up from the center of the rear line, where the ground was much more defensible, and formed across the angle, in support of Barton's and Guiger's. My attention was then engaged by a heavy firing upon the left of the front line, where were stationed the small company of United States riflemen (then, however, armed with muskets), and the companies of Baen, Snelling and Prescott, of the Forth Regiment.



"I found Major Daveiss forming the dragoons in the rear of those companies, and understanding that the heaviest part of the enemy's fire proceeded from some trees about fifteen or twenty paces in front of those companies, I directed the major to dislodge them with a part of the dragoons. Unfortunately, the major's gallantry determined him to execute the order with a smaller force than was sufficient, which enabled the enemy to avoid him in the front and attack his flanks. The major was mortally wounded, and his party driven back. The Indians were, however, immediately and gallantly dislodged from their advantageous position, by Captain Snelling, at the head of his company.

"In the course of a few minutes after the commencement of the attack, the fire extended along the left flank, the whole of the front, the right flank and part of the rear line. Upon Spencer's mounted riflemen, and the right of Warrick's company, which was posted on the right of the rear line, it was excessively severe. Captain Spencer, and his first and second lieutenants, were killed, and Captain Warrick mortally wounded. Those companies, however, still bravely maintained their posts; but Spencer's having suffered so severely, and having originally too much ground to occupy, I reinforced them with Robb's company of riflemen, which had been driven, or, by mistake, ordered from their position in the left flank, toward the center of the camp, and filled the vacancy that had been occupied by Robb with Prescott's company of the Fourth United States Regiment. My great object was to keep the lines entire -- to prevent the enemy from breaking into the camp, until daylight should enable me to make a general and effectual charge.

With this view I had reinforced every part of the line that had suffered much; and as soon as the approach of morning discovered itself, I withdrew from the front line Snelling's, Posey's (under Lieutenant Allbright) and Scott's, and from the rear line Wilson's companies, and drew them up upon the left flank; and, at the same time, I ordered Cook's and Baen's companies -- the former from the rear, and the latter from the front line -- to reinforce the right flank, forseeing [sic] that, at these points, the enemy would make their last efforts. Major Wells, who commanded on the left flank, not knowing my intentions precisely, had taken the command of these companies -- had charged the enemy before I had formed the body of dragoons with which I meant to support the infantry; a small detachment of these were, however, ready, and proved amply sufficient, for the purpose. The Indians were driven by the infantry at the point of the bayonet, and the dragoons pursued and forced them into a marsh, where they could not be followed. Captain Cook and Lieutenant Larrabee had, agreeably to my order, marched their companies to the right flank and formed them under fire of the enemy; and, being then joined by the riflemen of that flank, had charged the Indians, killed a number, and put the rest to precipitate flight.

"The whole of the infantry formed a brigade, under the immediate orders of Colonel Boyd. The colonel, throughout the action, manifested equal zeal and bravery in carrying into execution my orders -- in keeping the men to their posts, and exhorting them to fight with valor. His brigade-major, Clarke, and his aid-de-camp, George Croghan, Esq., were also very serviceably employed. Colonel Joseph Bartholomew, a very valuable officer, commanded, under Colonel Boyd, the militia infantry. He was wounded early in the action, and his services lost to me. Maj. G. R. C. Floyd, the senior officer, of the Fourth United States Regiment, commanded immediately the battalion of that regiment, which was in the front line. His conduct, during the action, was entirely to my satisfaction. Lieutenant-colonel Decker, who commanded the battalion of militia on the right of the rear line, preserved his command in good order. He was however, but partially attacked.



I have before mentioned to you that Major-general Wells, of the Fourth Division of Kentucky Militia, acted, under my command, as a major, at the head of two companies of mounted volunteers. The general retained the fame which he had already acquired in almost every campaign, and in almost every battle which has been fought with the Indians since the settlement of Kentucky. Of the several corps, the Fourth United States Regiment, and the two small companies attached to it, were certainly the most conspicuous for undaunted valor. The companies commanded by Captains Cook, Snelling and Barton; Lieutenants Larrabee, Peters and Hawkins, were placed in situations where they could render most service, and encounter most danger; and those officers eminently distinguished themselves. Captains Prescott and Brown performed their duty, also, entirely to my satisfaction, as did Posey's company of the Seventh Regiment, headed by Lieutenant Allbright. In short, sir, they supported the fame of American regulars; and I have never heard that a single individual was found out of line of his duty.

"Several of the militia companies were in no wise inferior to the regulars. Spencer's, Guiger's and Warrick's maintained their posts amid a monstrous carnage -- as, indeed, did Robb's, after it was posted on the right flank. Its loss of men (seventeen killed and wounded), and keeping its ground, is sufficient evidence of its firmness. Wilson's and Scott's companies charged with the regular troops, and proved themselves worthy of doing so. Norris' company also behaved well. Hargrove's and Wilkin's companies were placed in a situation where they had no opportunity of distinguishing themselves, or, I am satisfied, they would have done it. This was the case with the squadron of dragoons also. After Major Daveiss received his wound, knowing it to be mortal, I promoted Captain Parke to the majority, than whom there is no better officer. My two aids-de-camp, Majors Hurst and Taylor, with Lieutenant Adams, of the Fourth Regiment, the adjutant of the troops, afforded me the most essential aid, as well in the action as throughout the campaign.

"The arrangements of Captain Piatt, in the quartermaster's department, were highly judicious; and his exertions on all occasions -- particularly in bringing off the wounded -- deserve my warmest thanks. But, in giving merited praise to the living, let me not forget the gallant dead. Col. Abraham Owen, commandant of the Eighteenth Kentucky Regiment, joined me, a few days before the action, as a private in Captain Guiger's company. He accepted the appointment of volunteer aid-de-camp to me. He fell early in the action. The Representative of his State will inform you that she possessed not a better citizen, nor a braver man. Maj. J. H. Daveiss was known as an able lawyer and a great orator. He joined me as a private volunteer; and, on the recommendations of the officers of that corps, was appointed to command the three troops of dragoons. His conduct, in that capacity, justified their choice. Never was there an officer possessed of more ardor and zeal to discharge his duties with propriety, and never one who would have encountered greater danger to purchase military fame.

Captain Baen, of the Fourth United States Regiment, was killed early in the action. He was unquestionably a good officer and a valiant soldier. Captains Spencer and Warrick, and Lieutenants McMahan and Berry, were all my particular friends. I have ever had the utmost confidence in their valor, and I was not deceived. Spencer was wounded in the head. He exhorted his men to fight valiantly. He was shot through both thighs and fell; still continuing to encourage them, he was raised up, and received a ball through his body, which put an immediate end to his existence. Warrick was shot immediately through the body. Being taken to the surgery to be dressed, as soon as it was over (being a man of great bodily vigor and able to walk) he insisted on going back to the head of his company, although it was evident that he had but few hours to live."

William Henry Harrison

Additional Sources:

home1.gte.net
www.ironorchid.com
www.tippecanoecountycourthouse.com
www.canadianheritage.org
www.csulb.edu
www.jconline.com
www.antiquebottles.com
www.ohiokids.org
www.jmu.edu
www.galafilm.com
www.historytelevision.ca
www.u-s-history.com

[SAMWolf]

Some military historians regard the Battle of Tippecanoe as a draw, but note that it held important ramifications:

1. The safety of the white settlements in the Indiana Territory became markedly improved.
2. The Prophet was discredited as a leader because of his inability to ensure the promised invincibility from the opponents' bullets and also because he had violated Tecumseh's earlier counsel to hold off any armed confrontation until his return.
3. The confederation of the eastern tribes disintegrated.
4. The bitterly disappointed Tecumseh, who did not return to Indiana for another three months, remained an implacable foe of the American settlers. He would later become allied with the British and participate in the War of 1812.
5. William Henry Harrison emerged with a reputation as the hero of Tippecanoe, an image that he would use to his political advantage in later years.

President Harrison has the dual distinction of giving the longest inaugural speech and serving the shortest term of office.
He delivered an hour-and-forty-five-minute speech in a snowstorm. One month later he died of pneumonia.

[SAMWolf]

[Light Speed]

Hi Sam
Hope you are enjoying the summer run.
Picked up 'Gods and Generals' this past week.
Found the movie to be a great compliment to the Movie Gettysburg.
I wish Tom Berenger had been available to play Longstreet in the movie.
Duval was good..unless he missed the mark playing General Lee..one gets the impression that Lee was a great leader..but kinda wierd on the philosophical..especially when he refused to go see Jackson on his death bed.
It was great to see all the other leaders from Gettysburg in this movie.
I watched Gettysburg after the second part of Gods and Generals...really found the character development to increase..and have more depth.
The artillery action in Gods and Generals is much more dramatic and revelaing in shock value.
It must have taken great resolve to march into cannister fire for a second time on another days battle.

Looking forward in time..I see the resolve of Americas military ability....Her forces are able to relax and be normal folk ..yet when the moment arrises..the resolve appears..and things begin to move smartly.

Other nations should take heed of such examples of Americas fortitude...
When the boys dander is up....there is not much to hold them back.
Silly Democrats need to view such films.and reconnect with the nations heart.
America is not really her miltary as so many in the world scoff..but she is very much their resolve.
She marches to One Flag now...

Pitty those on the other end of the field. : )

[snippy_about_it]

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[E.G.C.]

Good morning, Snippy and to everyone at the Foxhole.
How is everything going for you?:-D

[Valin]

On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on July 27:
1768 Charlotte Corday assassin of Jean-Paul Marat
1801 George Biddle Airyy 7th Astronomer Royal
1824 Alexandre Dumas fils France, playwright/novelist (Camille)
1835 GiosuŠ Carducci Italy, poet (Nobel 1906)
1857 Jos‚ Celso Barbosa Puerto Rico, found Federalist Party in 1900
1867 Enrique Granados L‚rida Spain, composer (Maria del Carmen)
1870 Joseph Hilaire Belloc England, author (Path to Rome)
1877 Ern” (Ernst von) Dohn nyi Hungary, composer (Msg to Posterity)
1880 Donald Crisp Scotland, actor (How Green Was My Valley, Pollyana)
1880 Joseph Tinker baseball Hall of Famer, 1/3 of fame double play combo
1899 Harl McDonald near Boulder Colorado, composer (Santa F‚ Trail)
1904 Anton Dolin dancer (Girl From Petrovka)
1906 Leo (the lip) Durocher, baseball manager (Brooklyn Dodgers, NY Giants)
1912 Igor Markevitch Kiev Ukraine, conductor (Le Paradis Perdo)
1916 Kennan Wynn NYC, actor (Dr Strangelove, Absent Minded Professor)
1918 Leonard Rose Washington DC, concert cellist (NY Phil 1943-51)
1920 Beatrice Pearson Texas, actress (Moving Finger)
1922 Lillian Hayman Balt Md, actress (Leslie Uggams Show)
1922 Norman Lear TV writer/producer (All in The Family)
1924 Vincent Canby critic (NY Times)
1929 Harvey Fuqua vocalist (Moonglows-Sincerely)
1931 Jerry Van Dyke Danville Ill, actor (My Mother the Car, Coach)
1932 Diane Webber LA Calif, playmate (May, 1955 & Feb, 1956)
1937 Chuck Jackson Latta SC, singer (Any Day Now)
1937 Don Galloway Brooksville Ky, actor (Arrest & Trial, Ironside)
1938 Shirley Anne Field England, actress (Alfie, War Lover)
1939 Irv Cross NFL sportscaster (CBS-TV)
1939 James Victor Puerto Rico, actor (Boulevard Night, Streets of LA)
1942 Barbara Ferris London England, actress (Nice Girl Like Me)
1942 John Pleshette NYC, actor (Richard-Knots Landing, 7th Avenue)
1943 Stu Gilliam Detroit, actor/comedian (Roll Out, Harris & Company)
1944 Bobbie Gentry Mississippi, what did Billi-Jo throw off the bridge
1947 Betty Thomas St Louis Mo, actress (Lucy Baines-Hill Street Blues)
1948 Peggy Fleming San Jose Cal, ice figure skater (Olympic-gold-1968)
1949 Maureen McGovern Youngstown Oh, singer (Got to be a morning after)
1951 Janet Eilber Detroit Mich, actress (Hard to Hold, Romantic Comedy)
1960 Jo Durie England, tennis player
1967 Sasha Mitchell LA Calif, actor (Spike of Bensonhurst)

---

Deaths which occurred on July 27:
0082 Joseph of Arimathea, dies & is buried in tomb he once lent to Jesus
1863 William Lowndes Yancey one of the South's strongest voices of states' rights.
1883 Montgomery Blair lawyer (Dred Scot V Sandford), dies at 70
1921 Engelbert Humperdinck (The Original), composer (Hansel und Gretel), dies at 66
1970 Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, dictator of Portugal (1932-68),
1974 Lightning Slim blues singer, dies at 61
1976 Ray Brennan becomes 1st to, die of "Legionnaire's Disease"
1980 Shah Mohammed Reza Pahavala of Iran, dies in Cairo at 60
1981 Ray Harrison dancer (American Song), dies at 64
1982 Dan Seymour actor (We the People, Sing it Again), dies at 67
1984 James Mason actor, dies at 75 of a heart attack
1986 Leroy Holmes orch leader (Tonight Show, 1956-57), dies at 72
1990 Bobby Day rocker (Rockin' Robin), dies of cancer at 60
1990 Kim Thomas-Friedland news anchor (FNN), dies at 32

---

Reported: MISSING in ACTION

1965 BERG KILE D. SEATTLE WA.
[02/12/73 RELEASED BY DRV, ALIVE IN 96]
1965 KOSKO WALTER COLUMBIA VA.
[EJECT NO BEEP SEARCH NEG]
1965 PURCELL ROBERT B. LOUISVILLE KY.
[02/12/73 RELEASED BY DRV, ALIVE AND WELL 98]
1967 BARE WILLIAM ORLAN OKLAHOMA CITY OK.
[RADIO CONTACT LOST]
1967 CORBITT GILLAND W. DENVER CO.
[RADIO CONTACT LOST]
1967 HARDIE CHARLES D. HOUSTON TX.
1967 PATTERSON BRUCE M. PORTLAND OR.
1968 FULLERTON FRANK E. JONESBORO GA.
1968 PATTON WARD K. FONTANA KS.

POW / MIA Data & Bios supplied by
the P.O.W. NETWORK. Skidmore, MO. USA.

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On this day...
432 St Celestine I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
1214 At the Battle of Bouvines in France, Philip Augustus of France defeats John of England.
1501 Copernicus formally installed as canon of Frauenberg Cathedral
1586 Sir Walter Raleigh brings 1st tobacco to England from Virginia
1643 Cromwell defeats Royalist at Battle of Gainsborough
1661 Parliament confirms the Navigation Act
1663 British Parliament passes a second Navigation Act, requiring all goods bound for the colonies be sent in British ships from British ports.
1689 Jacobite Scottish Highlanders defeat royal force at Killiecrankie
1694 Bank of England chartered
1777 The Marquis of Lafayette arrives in New England to help fight the British.
1789 Congress establishes Dept of Foreign Affairs (State dept)
1816 Fort Blount on Apalachicola Bay Fla, attacked by US Troops
1836 Adelaide, South Australia founded
1837 US Mint opens in Charlotte, NC
1844 Fire destroys the US mint at Charlotte, NC
1861 Union Gen George McClellan took command of Potamic Army
1862 Steamer "Golden Gate" burns & sinks off west coast of Mexico
1866 Cyrus W. Field finally succeeded, after two failures, in laying the first underwater telegraph cable between North America and Europe.(1,686 miles long)
1879 C H F Peters discovers asteroid #200 Dynamene
1880 Battle of Maiwand, at which Dr Watson was wounded, breaks out
1897 37.5 cm (14.75") of rainfall, Jewell, Maryland (state 24-hr record)
1898 Start of Sherlock Holmes "The Adventure of The Dancing Men" (BG)
1905 J Palisa discovers asteroid #569 Misa
1908 A Kopff discovers asteroid #668 Dora
1909 Orville Wright tests 1st US Army airplane, flying 1h12m
1918 Socony 200, 1st concrete barge in US, launched to carry oil, NY
1919 Chicago race riot (15 whites & 23 blacks killed, 500 injured)
1920 Resolute beats Shamrock IV (England) in 14th running of America's Cup
1924 8th Olympic games closes in Paris
1933 G Van Biesbroeck discovers asteroid #1312 Vassar
1933 K Reinmuth discovers asteroid #1284 Latvia
1940 Billboard magazine starts publishing bestseller charts
1941 Japanese forces land in Indo-China
1944 1st British jet fighter used in combat (Gloster Meteor)
1944 US regains possession of Guam from Japanese
1944 Soviet Army liberates Majdanek concentration camp
1946 Red Sox Rudy York hits 2 grand slams in 1 game
1947 Yogi Berri starts record 148 game errorless streak
1949 Havilland Comet 40-passenger airliner makes maiden flight
1953 Armistice signed ending Korean War
1954 Armistice divides Vietnam into two countries
1955 Austria regains full independence after 4-power occupation
1955 Goethe Link Observatory discovers asteroid #1751 Herget
1960 VP Nixon nominated for pres at Republican convention in Chicago
1962 Mariner 2 launched to Venus; flyby mission
1962 Martin Luther King Jr jailed in Albany Georgia
1964 President Lyndon Johnson sends an additional 5,000 advisers to South Vietnam.
1968 Race Riot in Gary Indiana
1969 Pioneer 10 launched
1972 NHL star Maurice "Rocket" Richard signs with WHL Quebec Nordiques
1973 Walter Blum becomes 6th jockey to ride 4,000 winners
1974 House Judiciary Committee votes 27-11 recommends Nixon impeachment
1976 8.2 Tangshan earthquake kills estimated 240,000 Chinese
1977 John Lennon is granted a green card for permanent residence in US
1982 Indian PM Indira Gandhi 1st visit to US in almost 11 years
1987 John Demjanjuk, accused Nazi "Ivan the Terrible" testifies in Israel
1988 Boston's worst traffic jam in 30 years
1988 Radio Shack announces the Tandy 1000 SL computer
1989 Atlanta Brave Dale Murphy is 10th to get 6 RBIs in an inning (6th)
1990 Zsa Zsa Gabor begins a 3 day jail sentence for slapping a cop
1991 Rocker Jani Lane, (Warrant-Cherry Pie) marries model Bobbie Brown
1991 TV Guide publishes it's 2000th edition
1995 The Korean War Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington by President Bill Clinton and South Korean President Kim Young-sam.

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Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Puerto Rico : Jos‚ Celso Barbosa Birthday (1857)
Virgin Islands : Hurricane Supplication Day ( Monday )
Gilroy, California : Garlic Festival ( Friday )
National Parents Day.
Day of Hatshepsut (Egyptian).
Take Your House Plants for a Walk Day

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Religious Observances
RC : Commem of St Pantaleon, martyr/patron of medicine
Orth : Feast of Vladimir, evangelizer of Russia (7/15 OS)
Ang : Commemoration of William Reed Huntington, priest

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Religious History
1741 Birth of Fran‡ois H. Barth‚l‚mon, French Swedenborgian composer. Two of his manyworks later became hymn tunes: AUTUMN (Hail, Thou Once Despised Jesus) and BALERMA (Oh, fora Closer Walk with God).
1861 Birth of Cyrus H. Nusbaum, an American Methodist clergyman who penned the hymn,'Would You Live for Jesus, and Be Always Pure and Good?' (aka 'His Way With Thee').
1901 Death of B.F. Westcott, 76, English N.T. scholar. In 1881, he and colleague F.J.A.Hort published the most precise critical text of the Greek New Testament ever compiled --still in use today.
1903 Death of Caroline (Lina) V. Sandell Berg, 71. Known as the 'Fanny Crosby of Sweden,' her most beloved hymns (in their English translation) include 'Day by Day' and'Children of the Heavenly Father.'
1913 In Oxford, PA, the first Victorious Life Conference closed. Founder Robert C.McQuilkin, inspired by England's Keswick Movement, emphasized in these meetings anattainment of spiritual freedom from the power of every known sin.

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.

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Thought for the day :
"Politics is either passing the buck or passing the dough."

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You Might be a Yooper if...
You install your snow tires in early September...

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Murphy's Law of the day...(computer laws)
The hard drive on your computer will only crash when it contains vital information that has not been backed up.

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Cliff Clavin says, It's a little known fact that...
Females have 500 more genes than males, and because of this are protected from things like color blindness and hemophilia.

[Soaring Feather]

Good morning everyone.

Have a wonderful Sunday.

[snippy_about_it]

There is a lot of history in Ohio regarding Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (The Prophet). We have an excellent ourdoor drama about Tecumseh. The Prophet was pretty bizarre to say the least.

Good read about Tippecanoe. Thanks and Good Morning.

[snippy_about_it]

Good Morning,

Things are going good EGC, hope the same is true for you.

[snippy_about_it]

Other nations should take heed of such examples of Americas fortitude

Amen Light Speed.

We haven't seen much of you at the Foxhole lately, it's good to find you here this morning.

[snippy_about_it]

Females have 500 more genes than males, and because of this are protected from things like color blindness and hemophilia.

How about that, learn something new everyday. Thanks Valin.

[snippy_about_it]

Morning feather, hope you have a good day also.

[snippy_about_it]

FYI-

ENTER SITE

[Fiddlstix]

Good Morning Everybody.

You Know The Drill
Click the Pics J

Coffee & Donuts J

[Valin]

What can I say but, I am a veritable cornucopia of completely useless information.

[SAMWolf]

Hi Light Speed. Good to hear from you.

I saw it at the theater and picked up a copy the day it came out, I liked Gettysburg better so far, probably becasue it covered in more detail a shoeter time period.

I wish Tom Berenger had been available to play Longstreet in the movie.

I agree he did a great job as Longstreet (Biography coming up at the Foxhole soon). It was hard to get used to seeing "Pickett" as "Jackson" but Stephen Lang did an excellent job in both roles.

Pity those on the other end of the field.

I don't.. "Mess with the best, die like the rest","Give them the bayonet"

[SAMWolf]

Good Morning Snippy. One more day left to the weekend.

How's the "Summer Vaction" essay coming?

[SAMWolf]

Good morning E.G.C.

I finally applied those "critical updates" from Microsoft. Now it seems I have more troubles LOL!