Rome was larger, far more populous, and wealthier in A.D. 400 than in 146 B.C. -- but far more unsure about what it meant to be a Roman, and confused about whether being Roman was better than, or merely different from, being German or Persian. What an interesting, if unevidenced, claim. Was there a trend toward what we would now call cultural relativism among the leaders and thinkers of late imperial Rome?