There is at least one exception: the Kel-tec P32 (.32ACP) uses a tilt-barrel locked-breach action. I've never fired one, but supposedly the use of a locked-breach action allows for a lighter-weight gun and looser recoil spring, while mitigating the 'kick' that would otherwise be felt in such a lightweight gun.
BTW, blowback 9mm's and .45ACP's exist (Hi-Point IIRC); while caliber is often a good indication of whether a firearm has a locked breach, it's not entirely conclusive.