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The Search for the Missing Moon Trees
space.com ^ | 15 Aug 02 | Tony Phillips

Posted on 08/15/2002 3:53:44 PM PDT by RightWhale

The Search for the Missing Moon Trees

By Tony Phillips Science.NASA.gov

posted: 07:00 am ET 15 August 2002

Scattered around our planet are hundreds of creatures that have been to the Moon and back again. None of them are human. They outnumber active astronauts 3:1. And most are missing.

They're trees. "Moon trees."

NASA scientist Dave Williams has found 40 of them and he's looking for more. "They were just seeds when they left Earth in 1971 onboard Apollo 14," explains Williams. "Now they're fully grown. They look like ordinary trees--but they're special because they've been to the Moon."

How they got there and back is a curious tale.

It begins in 1953 when Stuart Roosa parachuted into an Oregon forest fire. He had just taken a summer job as a

US Forest Service "smoke jumper," parachuting into wildfires in order to put them out. It was probably adventure that first attracted Roosa to the job, but he soon grew to love the forests, too. "My father had an affinity for the outdoors," recalls Air Force Lt. Col. Jack Roosa, Stuart's son. "He often reminisced about the tall Ponderosa pine trees from his smoke jumping days."

Thirteen years later, NASA invited Roosa, who had since become an Air Force test pilot, to join the astronaut program. He accepted. Roosa, Ed Mitchell and Al Shepard eventually formed the prime crew for Apollo 14, slated for launch in 1971.

"Each Apollo astronaut was allowed to take a small number of personal items to the Moon," continued Jack. Their PPKs, or Personal Preference Kits, were often filled with trinkets--coins, stamps or mission patches. Al Shepard took golf balls. On Gemini 3, John Young brought a corned beef sandwich. "My father chose trees," says Jack. "It was his way of paying tribute to the US Forest Service."

The Forest Service was delighted.

"It was part science, part publicity stunt," laughs Stan Krugman, who was the US Forest Service's staff director for forest genetics research in 1971. "The scientists wanted to find out what would happen to these seeds if they took a ride to the Moon. Would they sprout? Would the trees look normal?" In those days biologists had done few experiments in space; this would be one of the first. "We also wanted to give them away as part of the Bicentennial celebration in 1976."

Krugman himself selected the varieties: redwood, loblolly pine, sycamore, Douglas fir and sweetgum. "I picked redwoods because they were well known, and the others because they would grow well in many parts of the United States," he explained. "The seeds came from two Forest Service genetics institutes. In most cases we knew their parents (a key requirement for any post-flight genetic studies)."

On January 31, 1971, Apollo 14 blasted off. Only Shepard and Mitchell actually walked on Moon. On Feb. 5th they landed the lunar module Antares in Fra Mauro--a hilly area where Shepard famously launched his golf balls using a geology tool as a makeshift driver. Roosa remained in orbit as pilot of the mission's command module Kitty Hawk. Inside his PPK was a metal cylinder, 6 inches long and 3 inches wide, filled with seeds. Together they circled the Moon 34 times.

Apollo 14 was a success. Scientists were delighted with the mission's geology experiments and they were eager to study the 95 pounds (43 kilograms) of Moon rocks collected by Shepard and Mitchell. Krugman was just as eager to study the seeds.

"We had a bit of a scare," Krugman recalls. During decontamination procedures, the seed canister was exposed to vacuum and it burst. The seeds were scattered and traumatized. "We weren't sure if they were still viable," he says. Working by hand, Krugman carefully separated the seeds by species and sent them to Forest Service labs in Mississippi and California. Despite the accident, nearly all of them germinated. "We had [hundreds of] seedlings that had been to the Moon!"

Thirty-one years later, Krugman still sounds excited.

During the years that followed, the trees thrived as scientists watched. "The trees grew normally," he continued. "They reproduced with Earth trees and their offspring, called half-Moon trees, were normal, too." (He notes, however, that DNA analysis wasn't routinely done in the early '70's, and so the Moon trees weren't tested in that way. There might be subtle differences yet to be discovered.)

Finally, in 1975, they were ready to leave the lab. "That's when things got out of hand," he says.

Everyone wanted a Moon tree. In 1975 and '76, trees were sent to the White House, to Independence Square in Philadelphia, to Valley Forge. "One tree went to the Emperor of Japan. Senators wanted trees to dedicate buildings. We even did some plantings in New Orleans because the mayor there, Mayor Moon, wanted some," says Krugman. There were so many requests that "we had to produce additional seedlings from rooted cuttings of the original trees."

No one kept systematic records, notes Dave Williams. That's why the whereabouts of the trees today are mostly unknown.

One of them went to a Girl Scout camp in Cannelton, Indiana, where 3rd grade teacher Joan Goble found it 1996. (She knew it was a Moon Tree because a sign said so. Most Moon trees were planted with ceremony; there's usually a sign or plaque nearby that identifies them.) "My students love it," she says. "It looks like an ordinary tree, but they feel it's special anyway because of its trip to the Moon." Jack Roosa has since become a pen pal of Goble's class, encouraging the students to explore and learn as his father did.

When Goble contacted Dave Williams in 1996 to ask for more information about Moon trees, "I was clueless," Williams admits. Like many people who were young in the 1970's, Williams had never heard of such trees, but he soon became an enthusiast. "I found one Moon tree right here at Goddard near my office," he laughs. "I had no idea it was there."

Often that's how they're encountered -- by accident. Williams now maintains a web site listing all known Moon trees. If you stumble across one, contact Dave. He'll investigate the find and add it to the collection if it's authentic.

Moon trees are long-lived, adds Krugman. The redwoods could last thousands of years, and the pines have a life expectancy of centuries. Indeed, they've already outlived Stuart Roosa and Al Shepard -- two of the humans who took them to the Moon.

Says Jack, "I think my father always knew that these trees would serve as a long-lasting, living reminder of mankind's greatest achievement--the manned missions to the Moon." Of course, if humans don't return soon, Moon trees could become the only living things on our planet that have been to the Moon. That's probably not what Stuart had in mind.

Jack, however, is optimistic: "These trees will be here 100 years from now," he says. "By then I believe we'll be planting Mars trees right beside them."


TOPICS: Culture/Society; Extended News; Government
KEYWORDS: apollo; nasa; roosa; shepard
Moon trees are everywhere by now. Not a lot of science here, but it's all that is left of the Apollo moon landing program, or any manned space exploration program.
1 posted on 08/15/2002 3:53:44 PM PDT by RightWhale
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To: RightWhale
"but it's all that is left of the Apollo moon landing program, or any manned space exploration program."

No, that's not all that is still active from the Moon landings.

We still have the laser reflectors on the Moon's surface, and universities around the world to this very day still bounce light beams off of those reflectors to determine the current precise Lunar distance (varies by inches).

2 posted on 08/15/2002 4:03:31 PM PDT by Southack
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To: Southack
Some moon rocks are still active, too. Somebody attempted to steal some a few weeks ago.
3 posted on 08/15/2002 4:06:36 PM PDT by RightWhale
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To: RightWhale
MOON FIRST! Save the moon's rare trees! Earth First! people has an interesting potential cause to start a movement over. ;-)
4 posted on 08/15/2002 4:10:40 PM PDT by Glutton
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To: Glutton
There is the potential for an entrepreneur to start up some kind of moon tree business. Pet rocks, mood rings, that kind of thing.
5 posted on 08/15/2002 4:14:44 PM PDT by RightWhale
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No one kept systematic records,

We can send a man to the moon, but we can't...

6 posted on 08/15/2002 5:04:25 PM PDT by Diddle E. Squat
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To: RightWhale
LINK
7 posted on 08/15/2002 5:10:06 PM PDT by Glutton
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To: RightWhale
Where have all the Moon Trees gone?

Gone to Moon Pies, every one.

8 posted on 08/15/2002 5:17:55 PM PDT by DuncanWaring
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To: Glutton
The real question is, are moon trees Democrat or Republican?

What if they're Democrat? Some day They'll All Wake up Together and Take Over the World! It's a conspiracy I tell you..ak, ak, where is my tinfoil hat.
9 posted on 08/15/2002 5:19:41 PM PDT by bloggerjohn
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To: DuncanWaring
When will they ever learn?
10 posted on 08/15/2002 5:21:28 PM PDT by gitmo
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To: DuncanWaring
All Your Moon Tree Are Belong to Us!
11 posted on 08/15/2002 8:31:43 PM PDT by boris
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To: RightWhale
Rev. Sun Myung Moon probably has a few.
12 posted on 08/15/2002 9:33:24 PM PDT by Contra
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To: RightWhale
"It was his way of paying tribute to the US Forest Service."

Lord knows the Forest Service deserves more tribute. Sheesh.

13 posted on 08/16/2002 5:26:29 AM PDT by Twodees
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To: bloggerjohn
"What if they're Democrat? Some day They'll All Wake up Together and Take Over the World! It's a conspiracy I tell you..ak, ak, where is my tinfoil hat."

I'll get my chainsaw, and will meet you at Luna's south pole where water supposedly is. Sure hope we can do this in a vacuum. Stopping conspiracies is a serious business. ;-)

14 posted on 08/16/2002 5:07:43 PM PDT by Glutton
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