Electric Universe, Plasma Universe, or combinations of forces including some not even being seriously considered.
Cosmology is easily sidetracked by assumptions assumed to be “fact” but subject to revision — red shift, quasars, standard candles, etc., and becomes fancy intellectual acrobatics.
Remember that Dr. Hawking famously flip-flopped on his own theory, headline: “Hawking RECANTS on Black Hole Theory!
Stephen Hawking now says that what goes in to a black hole CAN come out!
Hawking now says that physical singularities DO NOT EXIST after all!”
And just like Einstein, Oppenheimer, (Warmist) Stephen Schneider — their mathematics may be astounding but their politics/human relations are often childish.
“Hawking now says that physical singularities DO NOT EXIST after all!”
So that means the Big Bang, which started as a singularity, can’t be true.
Either way, the theory is not self-consistent. One singularity explodes, creating a universe, but then all the other singularities suck up matter and energy into an inescapable gravitational pull. Seems like a singularity behaves however a physicist needs it to in order to make their theory work.