People’s race is not the causality here. The study plays right in the hands of liberals as they can now point to the study as overt racism. What does race have anything to do with behavior?
I’d say it’s a combination of one-party rule and application of socialism (Democrats in this instance). They of course also radicalized racism within black people so that they don’t get blamed for the horrific results of their policies.
Look at Venezuela. The same economic disaster and criminality has happened to a very rich country, and it’s not a black problem.
Within cities run by liberals with one-party rule, there is a wide disparity in violent crime rates between whites and non-whites (black & Hispanic). That would tend to rule out liberalism per se as the determining factor in crime.