[RayChuang88]

The problem for Saudi Arabia: the development of fracking to get at natural gas and oil since the early 2000's has resulted in opening new gas and oil fields and revived supposedly "tapped out" gas and oil fields. The result is such a huge surplus of natural gas that we're making plastics, motor fuels and motor oil from it!

[Ozark Tom]

Substitute enhanced directional horizontal drilling for fracking.

Fracking began at least as far back as 1940's. Fracking of horizontal borehole in shale with temporary plugs to break the play into stages is more recent.

See page 55 for beginning of tight shale commentary--page 65 & 66 for illustrations:

http://segim.northwestern.edu/docs/bazant.pdf