Yes, because the repair isn't specific to the OS. It's only a way to access a utility that'll give you options with the OS. Running a chkdsk will ensure the major OS components are in line with the standard Windoze setup. /f will repair anything that's gone wonky.
Actually, that's not what chkdsk does at all. Chkdsk checks for errors on the hard drive - it has nothing to do with the OS, only the underlying hardware. It will search for cross-linked files, files with invalid names, etc., but it doesn't check the files against the "standard Windoze setup" at all.
That said, Chkdsk /f is one of my most-used commands for PC troubleshooting. It will solve all manner of problems that people experience with slow performance, boot problems, etc..