LOL!
Posted on 11/09/2013 11:57:52 AM PST by Kevmo
Cold Fusion Energy: What to Expect and How Close We Are by Dr. Stoyan Sarg October 30, 2013
What are the expected major advantages of the new energy of cold fusion? One, obtaining cheaper and small nuclear energy reactors; and, two, avoiding the hazardous radioactive waste. Achieving the first one without solving the second will be a problem. Presently, management of the radioactive waste from nuclear power plants is quite expensive, but it is part of the maintenance and the problem is considered solved. At least, it appears to be solved because the Fukushima nuclear catastrophe is a result of bad waste management. The new energy reactors based on cold fusion may not be available for wider distribution if they produce any radioactive waste.
The tests of E-cat HT reactors of Andrea Rossi provided in Uppsala University, Sweden, (2012-2013), and the live test of Defkalion (DGT) Hyperion reactor broadcast on July 22-23, 2013, are reliable demonstrations that cold fusion energy is real. The fuel elements in both types of reactors are nickel and hydrogen, while the technical methods and reaction environments are different. The E-cat HT (high temperature) rector is distinguished from the previous E-cat device that a high temperature metal hydride is used instead of a hydrogen gas. The hydrogen from the metal hydride is released when heated, so it can be controlled by temperature. In the first tests in Uppsala University (December, 2012), the E-cat HT delivered an average power of 2034 watts during a 96 hour test at an input power of 360 watts, so the coefficient of performance was COP = 5.6. In the second test (March, 2013) the temperature regulated E-cat HT2 operated at lower temperature with COP = 2.6 for 116 hours.
According to the published results, the energy comes from the fuel that is, incredibly, less than one gram, and the estimated energy density is well beyond all known conventional chemical sources. Despite of this success, Rossi has a problem with the certification of the small heating reactor, probably because he does not allow any radiation measurement of the fuel substance before and after the test. While the DGT method is more openly discussed, the E-cat method of Andrea Rossi includes a trade secret about the catalyst that he is not willing to disclose. The question is: Could a trade secret be an obstacle for the further scientific advancement in cold fusion? One cannot deny the contribution of Andrea Rossi, but his success would not be possible without the inherited knowledge from the prior 30 years of research in that field. In this sense, the decision of the European patent office to grant a patent about cold fusion, (EP 2,368, 252 B1) to the retired professor Francesco Piantelli is reasonable. Piantelli was the founder of Cold Fusion research in Italy just after the publication of Pons-Fleischmann experiment in 1989. His contribution is significant because he shifted the focus of the research from palladium to nickel, which subsequently led to the big success in cold fusion today.
The analysis published in General Science Journal with more details in the book Structural Physics of Nuclear Fusion with BSM-SG Atomic Models leads to the conclusion that the nuclear fusion reaction Ni + H -> Cu is feasible. It falls under the category of cold fusion, and it is the major source of the released heat. At the same time, this reaction cannot provide radioactive waste if the right nickel isotopes are used. That is the reason for my recommendation to use Ni(62) and Ni(64) isotopes. This is in full agreement with some experimental results published by Focardi and Rossi and the radiation measurements of operated E-cat reactors. My additional suggestions are to try also the reactions Cr(54) + H -> Mn(55) + 7.56 MeV and Cr(52) + H -> Mn(53), where the second one is a traceable reaction that will serve as a proof if the reaction is feasible.
The commercialization of cold fusion energy will require an extensive study on the safety of the newly discovered nuclear process. In the case of E-cat, this means an open test checking for traces of radioactive isotopes before and after the test. Even without such a test, the scientific analysis accompanied with properly designed experiments may lead to discovering the type of the catalyst that will jeopardize the trade secret embedded in E-cat. From the analysis of some LENR experiments, the Rossi method in E-cat and the DGT method in Hyperion, we concluded that the secret catalyst of Rossi could be an isotope (or set of isotopes) emitting beta particles. Why beta particles? Many beta emitting isotopes are not sources of hazardous radioactive waste because they do not decay into elements emitting hard radiation and their decay time is known. They must only trigger the suggested nuclear reactions by specific physical mechanism described in the above mentioned book. Our analysis also reveals and explains another important issue. Beta particles become self-generated by the nuclear process after the E-cat works in a nominal operational mode for some time. It is known that the E-cat reactor produces a small quantity of zinc(64). This isotope is unstable and decays into Cu(63) with emission of a beta particle. That helps the nuclear process to become self-sustainable. The beta radiation from the working reactor can be easily shielded in order not to appear outside of the reactor enclosure.
Where could these beta emitters be placed? In the E-cat HT reactors that Rossi provided for the tests at Uppsala University, the fuel substance (nickel powder, HT metal hydride and catalyst) was placed in a steel cylinder with a diameter of 3.3 cm, a wall thickness of 3 mm and a length of 33 cm. It was inside of an external cylinder with a diameter of 10 cm and length of 33 cm, with an outer shell of silicon nitride. In such arrangement, the beta particles from the catalyst and the process could not be measured outside of the E-cat HT device. After the tests, the cylinders with the fuel were cut and the fuel substance was taken by Rossi. He never allowed radiation spectral measurement of this substance. He also claimed that the fuel maintenance of the small distributed devices will be done only by his company and can be put in a small replaceable cartridge.
In the Hyperion reactor of Defkalion, the triggering of the nuclear reactions is produced by the high voltage discharge. In this case, there is no need for beta emitters, and the output energy can be controlled by adjusting the voltage. Another problem not solved yet is the minimization of the nuclear transmutation reactions providing a variety of nuclear isotopes, as some of them may have a longer radioactive decay. The Defkalion project is more openly discussed than the e-cat reactor of Andrea Rossi and the problem of unwanted radioactive waste might be solved.
In conclusion: Our expectations for cheaper and safer nuclear energy are realistic. However, more funded research is needed until the new energy source is matured for the market.
Dr. Stoyan Sarg (Sargoytchev) is a Bulgarian-born Canadian. He holds an engineering diploma and a PhD in Physics in the field of space research. From 1976 to 1990 he was involved in space projects sponsored by the program Intercosmos coordinated by the former Soviet Union. He participated also in a collaborative project with the European Space Agency. For his pioneering work he was awarded medals from Intercosmos, Russia and Bulgaria. In 1990 he was invited as a visiting scientist by Cornel University and worked at the Arecibo Observatory, P.R. on a Lidar project funded by the NSF (USA). This was the place where the first SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) program was operated before 1985 using the world’s largest radiotelescope – radar. In 1991 he immigrated to Canada, where he worked on projects coordinated by the Canadian Space Agency. Since 2002 he has been with York University, Toronto, Canada. He has over 80 scientific publications and a few patents related to ... More articles by this author
“more funded research is needed until the new energy source is matured for the market.”
and the money machine continues crunching
Something just occurred to me - if it take 360 watts of input power to generate the heat needed for the LENR reaction that produces over 2KW, could the input heat come from a solar thermal generator? Wouldn’t it be something to shove a solar-powered LENR under the noses of the 20% efficient solar PV crowd?
Coast to Coast doing a show on Fukushima tonight.
Not gonna happen until the Pope gets out on front on these issues and backs it up with some teeth, such as excommunication (of politicians in particular) and removal of priests and bishops who continue to support anti-Catholic doctrine.
I won’t hold my breath. This Pope is a good man, but he’s not going to do that, in my opinion. I don’t see him as Jesus in the temple, cleaning up a mess...
We were just talking about the possibilities thats all, I wasn't expecting the Spanish Inquisition!
Ooops, wrong article I posted to...
Sorry.
Leaving Rossi out of the discussion but,
Imagine, overnight, we have an unlimited clean source of energy.
1) OPEC’s power, gone almost overnight.
2) Imagine, if overnight, the world decided to legalize drugs. Can you imagine how it would cut the heart out of that ‘business and trade’, it would be awesome; just as would happen to OPEC! I’m not for legalizing drugs, it’s just a point.
3) Environmental effects from oil leaks, radioactive leaks and others will diminish hopefully to a much smaller amount; after all, we still produce a lot of things from petroleum.
4) Getting to space will be easier.
5) The power these companies have over the Earth’s political power would disappear overnight. Of course I imagine they might not like this solution for some reason I can’t think of why and do their best to delay its implementation. It would be awesome to hear the oil companies complain about environmental regs once their monopoly goes away?
Aagghhhh, Utopia!
I can dream.
OK, back to Rossi and DefKalian (what, are they a rap band)?
Where are they? Is there any neutral news? Say either of those two are correct; having a power station every couple of blocks would eliminate large scale power losses, the loss due to reactance and it would also be wise to continue having the grid system but powered by one of the above’s devices.
When I design something, I always try to have to solutions in case one fails and we sell our services to our customers on 99.999999999999999 reliability. (do I need the /s?) Which makes Saturday night a wonderful night to get things done.
If this is real and to live through it would be like seeing the Wright brothers take flight.
Well, I’m sure that if the Pope were to push for cold fusion, it probably wouldn’t hurt ...
The Pope IS cold fusion. Ha ha ha just a joke there son.
WRITTEN LIKE A TRUE “INSIDER”.
Sorry, the last thing I’ve ever read about cold fusion was in 1989 news release saying it’s been discovered.
If you could draw 2kw from a device using 360w, what is the fuel? We have to be losing something to get the extra draw of 1640w. It may be something so abundant that we really will never realistically care?
LOL!
Where is the money machine crunching? Hot Fusion has poured hundreds of $Billions down a rathole, for the never-changing promise of something “50 years” down the line.
Cold Fusion is 14 ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE more cost effective than hot fusion.
asked & answered
———————www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l@eskimo.com/msg85822.html-———————
Then you could only start the thing up at night. Even for that snide use of Solar, it fails.
Not gonna happen until the Pope ...excommunication (of politicians in particular)
***Sounds good to me, starting with Nancy Pelosi
Is there any neutral news?
***The article you just read was “neutral news”. Also, the open-source LENR project MFMP detecting Gamma rays is highly significant as well.
If this is real and to live through it would be like seeing the Wright brothers take flight.
***I agree. That’s why I keep posting on this subject. Imagine you were one of the guys at the coast guard station near the Wright brothers in 1903. You saw them gliding, you trusted the few people who said they saw the 1903 powered flight, and the Wright brothers even tested their devices out in the open on Huffman Prairie. It would baffle you that the world doesn’t know what you KNEW.
The fuel is hydrogen. And some nickel also gets consumed in the reaction as well.
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