This might be a dumb question, but I'll ask it anyway: Is there any type of exchange rate that has been established with the Bitcoin versus the Dollar, the Yen, etc.?
Not that I’m aware of. Every government-based currency exchanges at different rates for Bitcoin.
Yes.
There are many “private” exchanges.
As far as I know, none of them are physically located in the USA, probably because that would require registration and supervision by many state and federal agencies.
The current quote for Bitcoin is: 1 Bitcoin = $481 US Dollars.
Last December, the price almost reached $1,200.
Currently, the value of a Bitcoin is so unstable, and so volatile, it is not a practical substitute for national currencies like the US Dollar.
But a lot of smart people think it has a compelling future.