ExDemMom, I can believe you and Faluci, or I can believe the MSDS for Ebola that states Ebola was aersolized by pigs — via sneezes — and makes clear the EVD is a Hell on Earth fomite and STD threat.
EBOLAVIRUS PATHOGEN SAFETY DATA SHEET - INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/ebola-eng.php
“INFECTIOUS DOSE: Viral hemorrhagic fevers have an infectious dose of 1 - 10 organisms by aerosol in non-human primates Footnote 41.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION: In an outbreak, it is hypothesized that the first patient becomes infected as a result of contact with an infected animal Footnote 22.
Person-to-person transmission occurs via close personal contact with an infected individual or their body fluids during the late stages of infection or after death Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Footnote 22 Footnote 42.
Nosocomial infections can occur through contact with infected body fluids for example due to the reuse of unsterilized syringes, needles, or other medical equipment contaminated with these fluids Footnote 1 Footnote 2.
Humans may be infected by handling sick or dead non-human primates and are also at risk when handling the bodies of deceased humans in preparation for funerals Footnote 2 Footnote 10 Footnote 43.
In laboratory settings, non-human primates exposed to aerosolized ebolavirus from pigs have become infected, however, airborne transmission has not been demonstrated between non-human primates Footnote 1 Footnote 10 Footnote 15 Footnote 44 Footnote 45.
Viral shedding has been observed in nasopharyngeal secretions and rectal swabs of pigs following experimental inoculation Footnote 29 Footnote 30. INCUBATION PERIOD: Two to 21 days Footnote 1 Footnote 15 Footnote 17.
COMMUNICABILITY: Communicable as long as blood, body fluids or organs, contain the virus.
Ebolavirus has been isolated from semen 61 to 82 days after the onset of illness, and transmission through semen has occurred 7 weeks after clinical recovery Footnote 1 Footnote 2 Footnote 59 Footnote 60.”
...and later in the document —
“PHYSICAL INACTIVATION: Ebola are moderately thermolabile and can be inactivated by heating for 30 minutes to 60 minutes at 60°C, boiling for 5 minutes, or gamma irradiation (1.2 x106 rads to 1.27 x106 rads) combined with 1% glutaraldehyde Footnote 10 Footnote 48 Footnote 50.
Ebolavirus has also been determined to be moderately sensitive to UVC radiation Footnote 51.
SURVIVAL OUTSIDE HOST: Filoviruses have been reported capable to survive for weeks in blood and can also survive on contaminated surfaces, particularly at low temperatures (4°C) Footnote 52 Footnote 61.
One study could not recover any Ebolavirus from experimentally contaminated surfaces (plastic, metal or glass) at room temperature Footnote 61.
In another study, **Ebolavirus dried onto glass, polymeric silicone rubber, or painted aluminum alloy is able to survive in the dark for several hours under ambient conditions (between 20 and 250C and 30–40% relative humidity) (amount of virus reduced to 37% after 15.4 hours),** but is less stable than some other viral hemorrhagic fevers (Lassa) Footnote 53.
When dried in tissue culture media onto glass and stored at 4°C, Zaire ebolavirus survived for over 50 days Footnote 61.
This information is based on experimental findings only and not based on observations in nature.
This information is intended to be used to support local risk assessments in a laboratory setting. A study on transmission of ebolavirus from fomites in an isolation ward concludes that the risk of transmission is low when recommended infection control guidelines for viral hemorrhagic fevers are followed Footnote 64.
Infection control protocols included decontamination of floors with 0.5% bleach daily and decontamination of visibly contaminated surfaces with 0.05% bleach as necessary.”
When you then check the following link from the above document —
Laboratory Handling and Transporting Specimens from Patients Under Investigation for EVD
Laboratory personnel handling these types of clinical specimens are recommended to don the following personal protective equipment (PPE); â– double gloves; â– fluid-resistant, impermeable laboratory gown, over the lab coat; â– either a combination of approved particulate respirators (e.g., N95, or N100) and eye protection (e.g. goggles/face shields/shroud), or powered air purifying respirators (PAPRs).
Specimens from patients under investigation for Ebola virus disease should not be manipulated on an open bench.
Activities with the potential to create infectious aerosols(e.g., pipetting, centrifugation, aspiration, slide preparation) should be carried out in a certified Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC)Footnote 1,Footnote 2,Footnote 3, in a minimum CL 2 laboratory.
Blood cultures should be prepared in a closed system.
When this is not possible, manipulations should be undertaken in a certified BSC in a CL 2 laboratory with the use of appropriate PPE as identified above. Sub-culturing of blood cultures has the potential to generate aerosols and should be done only when essential to patient care.
This should be done in a certified BSC with the use of additional PPE as identified above, and the decision to subculture should be predicated on the clinical status of the patient and based on an on-going risk assessment.
Sample separation (e.g. blood, serum) should be undertaken using sealed centrifuge cups or a sealed centrifuge head that are unloaded in a certified BSC.
Blood smears: Malaria should be ruled out from travellers returning with a fever. Only thin Blood smears should be done (no thick smears) and repeated as necessary (e.g., if the first thin Blood smear is negative).
It is recommended that dipstick tests from patients that are under investigation for EVD, should be performed only on inactivated blood.
All manipulations should be undertaken in a certified BSC with the use of appropriate PPE as identified above.
After air drying in the BSC, thin Blood smears should be fixed with absolute methanol (for 5 minutes) followed by 10% buffered formalin (for 15 minutes).
All reagents should be sterilized prior to disposal.
PCR, if available on-site, may be considered a safer option, as routine extraction procedures are sufficient to inactivate the virus.
Inactivation manipulations should be undertaken in a certified BSC in a CL 2 laboratory with the use of appropriate PPE as identified above.
Automated analyzers may be used after performing a local risk assessment for the potential for aerosol generation.
If ports or vents are present on the system that may generate aerosols, it is recommended that the machine be contained, either in a BSC, plexiglass or flexible film cover, or through the use of HEPA’s.
After use, analyzers should be disinfected as recommended by the manufacturer or with a 500 parts per million solution of sodium hypochlorite (1:100 dilution of household bleach: 1/4 cup to 1 gallon water) after use.
You find out that simple things like pipetting or slide preparation are sufficient to aersolize Ebola.
I'm a PhD trained medical researcher. I know how samples are aerosolized by many common laboratory procedures. I remember when I used to centrifuge 35-S labeled samples, I gave up trying to keep them from aerosolizing--no matter what I did, I had to budget an hour or so to clean the radioactivity off the entire interior of the centrifuge every time I did that experiment. And I used sealed tubes and a lid on the rotor.
When I speak of Ebola not being an airborne virus, I am speaking strictly of the natural processes that viruses use to become airborne from the upper respiratory passages of an infected patient. This is the kind of transmission that makes the difference between Ebola remaining a regional outbreak, or its jumping to affect the whole world. If it could spread through natural aerosol routes, it would be all over the world by now.
The aerosols that occur as a result of, for instance, popping open an Eppendorf centrifuge tube, typically occur in the [BSL-4] laboratory environment, which is disinfected on a regular basis and is not open to the outside air. Certain procedures done with patients also can create aerosols--again, these happen in a controlled environment, and are not a consideration for disease transmission outside of the health-care setting.