You don't need to sink a carrier to cripple it. You only need to destroy the flight deck. No DC team of 18-year old seamen will be repairing the electromagnetic aircraft launch system (EMALS) of the Ford (not to mention the steam cats of Nimitz-class carriers).
Punch some big holes in the flight deck and the next stop is Newport News, VA, --for several months.
What good is an aircraft carrier that can't launch or land aircraft?
What good is a sub? By definition it cannot project power on land.