A technical question: I’d expect electric vehicles to produce less particulates from braking, because they do their best to use regenerative braking, where the energy is largely recycled into the battery by driving a generator connected to the wheels.
That doesn’t affect the overall discussion of whether EV’s are overall more energy-costly, because of what goes into producing and salvaging them, or the fact that while they don’t burn petroleum, they get somebody else (the power plant) to burn it (or coal) for them.
Currently, brake dust consists of cellulose fiber particles (organic pad material)...silicon dioxide (the "ceramic" friction material, aka fiberglass) and powdered iron.
Probably all of which can be found naturally in your back yard.
I too found that piece of reasoning (The “brake particle” emissions) far fetched and not well argued.
The answer is yes recharging the batteries make the car a lot more efficient.