I hired a guy to teach me how to walk my German Shepherd without a leash & he refused to do so. He explained that any dog may interpret someone walking towards you & tripping as an attack. A leash allows the owner to pull them off if they did. He said you never want to put your hand around their face if they’re biting.
If a dog is biting and wont stop, if it has a collar, grab the collar behind it’s head, lift the dog off it’s feet a couple inches, and then twist the collar in your hand, but only hold for a few seconds as it will cut the dog’s airway off. Works very well.
Btw, I know someone who sued a dog owner for about 35k, not because they were bit, but because the dog made the fall to the sidewalk, causing them injury. People who don’t secure their dogs really are rolling the dice.