Just what I’ve read about in the WSJ. There’s a Russian-born software engineer that is about to be prosecuted under the 1996 Economic Espionage Act for taking source code for such a software system with him to his new company.
He was a VP at Goldman prior to him leaving. He made VP there in an awful hurry too.
That software system was not designed for frontrunning. It would make no sense to steal it if it were, since it’s not like the new firm would have access to Goldman’s order data even with the code.