Everything we say today is conditioned by what we know (or think we know) to which the framers of the Constitution were not privy. That fact alone colors this discussion.
”All men are created equal.”
The Federal Union was predicated on the rule that it would directly govern individual citizens (that was one of the assumptions from the beginning and that was the eventuality) and that it would represent the several states in certain matters, such as in foreign relations, and supervise the states’ conduct in others, such as in commerce between the states or with other countries.
If all men are created equal, proportional representation in one House of Congress naturally follows (leaving aside that slaves and women were not represented, and that in some states wealth or possessions to some degree governed the franchise; this is not to suggest the ladies had no say in politics; at least the ladies who demonstrated some awareness of what was going on; such as Mrs. Powel of Philadelphia who posed that famous question to Doctor Franklin; we must think such ladies definitely had recourse to voice their opinion - think a cold supper and a colder bed)
Likewise, it naturally follows that in the other House of Congress each would be represented equally, irrespective of size or numbers, because each state deserves equal representation where its interests are equally at risk. If all men are created equal, irrespective of size, prowess, wealth, or intelligence, then it must follow that so it is true of all states (at least of those in the Union).
But, no such outcome was a foregone conclusion, and it is something more than remarkable that what did emerge became the outcome. Even then following experiments resulted finally in denying the states any legislative representation. But perhaps some protection in the Courts remains as the states' last refuge. A present case involving what is popularly known as 0bamacare may yet keep that last redoubt alive for a some longer time.
I have nothing to add. Well said. I hope the debates continue to interest you.