Posted on 12/25/2012 7:23:57 PM PST by daniel1212
Estimating the Population Size of Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States to Obtain HIV and Syphilis Rates
INTRODUCTION
Since the beginning of the HIV epidemic in the United States, men have accounted for the largest proportion of cases, and the large majority of those men have been gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (collectively referred to here as MSM). MSM accounted for 53% of estimated new HIV infections in the United States in 2006 and MSM who also injected drugs accounted for an additional 4% of estimated new infections [1]. Moreover, MSM comprise the only risk group with increasing numbers of new HIV infections [1]. Similarly, the number of cases of primary and secondary syphilis has grown rapidly among men in the past decade, and the majority of cases have been among MSM [2]...
Research by Kinsey and his colleagues [4] led to the notion that approximately 10% of U.S. men are gay or bisexual. Later reviews lowered this estimate by approximately half [5]. In 1990, the U.S. census added questions about same-sex household partners, but these data cannot lead to a national estimate because people who are not partnered were uncounted [6]. Lieb and his colleagues [7] summarized a wide variety of methods that have been used to estimate the size of the MSM population in specific cities, states, or for the whole United States. In their work, Lieb and his colleagues [7] provided statewide estimates ranging from 3.3% (North Dakota) to 13.2% (District of Columbia) with an overall estimate that MSM were 6.4% of the male population (7.1 million men).
These estimates were derived using data from two national surveys that assessed whether men reported ever engaging in same-sex behavior [8, 9]. Lieb and colleagues [10] used their MSM population estimates to show that rates of HIV for MSM in 17 southern states were 36 times as high compared to other men in the south, with rates among MSM highest for African Americans in all states and lowest among white MSM in all but one state...
The goals of this paper are to 1) meta-analyze population-based surveys to estimate the proportion of men in the United States who are MSM and estimate proportion of MSM by race/ethnicity and age if possible; 2) use these estimates to calculate disease metrics for MSM using national surveillance data for HIV and for primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis; and 3) calculate rate ratios to directly compare rates for MSM to rates in other men and women and to compare rates among MSM by race/ethnicity and age...
Rates of estimated diagnoses of HIV infection, rates of people living with HIV, and rates of P&S syphilis were higher among MSM than among other men or women (Tables 4-6).
The rate ratios indicate disparities between MSM and other men and MSM and women. Comparing MSM to other men, the estimated rate of diagnoses of HIV infection in 2008 was 59 to 75 times as high (Table 4), the estimated rate of MSM living with a diagnosis of HIV infection was 38 to 48 times as high (Table 5), and the P&S syphilis diagnosis rate was 63 to 79 times as high (Table 6). Rate ratios comparing MSM and women were similar to those comparing MSM and other men for the HIV metrics (Tables 4-5).
For P&S syphilis, the rate ratio was higher for MSM compared to women than for MSM compared to other men (Table 6).
Among MSM, black/African Americans had the highest disease rates while whites had the lowest rates, regardless of epidemiologic measure. By age group, the highest estimated rate of diagnoses of HIV infection occurred among MSM aged 25 to 44. Estimated rates of MSM living with a diagnosis of HIV infection were highest among men aged 35 to 54. The estimated rate of P&S syphilis among MSM was highest among men aged 25 to 44.
Across the 3 disease metrics, rates for black/African American MSM were 3.8 to 6 times as high as those for white MSM. Rates for Hispanic/Latino MSM were 1.8 to 2.7 times as high as those for white MSM (Tables 4-6).
Using meta-analysis with behavioral data from population-based surveys, we found that MSM comprised 3.9% (3.5% - 4.4%) of the U.S. adult male population. This translates into approximately 2.0% of the overall population or 4,791,262 MSM in the United States.
Compared to other men and women, for the two HIV disease metrics, MSM rates were 38 to 75 times as high, and for P&S syphilis, rates were 63 to 109 as high. Data in the U.S. show that MSM make up approximately half of all persons living with HIV infection (whether diagnosed or undiagnosed) [26] and that in 2009, MSM accounted for 61% of new infections [27]. However, the rates calculated here indicate that this disease burden, relative to the size of the MSM population, is of tremendous magnitude. The disparity in rates for MSM compared to other men and women exceeds disparities between race/ethnicity groups reported in HIV surveillance data [3] or between MSM race/ethnicity groups reported here. [pp. 98,99,103,104]
It’s not a percentage. It’s a statistic; so, if there are 10 non-MSM with HIV per unit of population (usually 100,000), then there are 1090 MSM with HIV per the same unit (10x109).
Actually, they get HAGS syndrome.
Herpes
AIDS
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
It is not cheap in any way.
Good night.
A lot of the homosexual disease among black men is spread in jails and prisons.
They then get out and spread the diseases to black women and children. They infect multiple people.
We could eliminate a lot of sexual disease if we did not permit men to use one another in prisons. It’s almost as if our homo prison male rape policy is targeting the prison population, and the women they have sex with after they are out, for death.
Sexual disease including HIV is skyrocketing in the black population.
Just like Islam.
How exactly can something be over a 100?
They are not saying “over 100% got HIV.” That is not possible, of course.
What they are saying is that MSM got HIV more than 100 times as often as non-MSM or females. It is a rate the study is talking about, not a percentage.
Bottom line, it is shocking!
MSM make up 2% of the population including both sexes, but get 53% of new HIV infections.
In this case 109 is not 109%, it’s literally 109 times higher or 10,900% higher.
Ping for later
And which would considered racist by liberals.
the large majority of those men have been gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men
Thanks to all of you for smarting-up big dummy here. Unfortunately, while I am now smarter, statements like:
“In this case 109 is not 109%, it’s literally 109 times higher or 10,900% higher.”
make it even tougher to listen to some talking head on TV try to lecture us that gay sex is ‘normal.’
At these infection rates, it almost sounds as if gay sex will eventually cure itself.
Death panel is for old Republican voters.
NOT younger Democrats.
This is not 109% of MSM having HIV. It the rate of HIV in one group, compared to the rate of HIV in another group. A rate of 100% higher simply means that the rate is twice as high.
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