The Chinese are smarter than the Russians (in more ways than one), who had a completely state run economy.
Depends upon the meaning of "private hands."
Is there any independently supported reason not to believe this? E.g, another news article from a more-or-less trusted source.
Yes, the early Soviets made mistakes, the ideologues terminated NEP before it was time. I think that the nepmen had quickly become almost half the Soviet economy. And of course FDI flowed in.
Deng grilled Armand Hammer for firsthand information.
The Chinese have a classic fascist economy and society.