“I wonder what would have happened if the “New World” had three things: immunity to Small Pox, oxen and the horse.”
I can’t answer your question, but I can tell you what would happen if pigs could fly.
Answer: The price of bacon would be sky high.
And, a question for ALL - why did the Indigenous in the Upper Michigan area walk over huge outcroppings of mettalic copper (metal, not ore) and never learn to use it for anything other than ornamental use?
I, for one, am in awe of the achievements of prehistoric human beings who lived ten or more millennia ago who, without any guide or model to work from developed amazing technologies. Metalurgy, rope making, fabric weaving, food preservation, harnessing fire, agriculture, tanning leather, creating the wheel, pottery, inventing tools, to say nothing about the rudiments of math, language, science, art. I mean, just take the tanning of leather. Somehow they figured out if they used urine, and the bark of an oak tree, they could create a material out of animal skins. I mean, I'd like to see the average person create something like that today without any reference source. We owe a great deal to these 'stone age' pioneers.
Maybe Obsidian held its edge better.
Geronamo and his warriors give one an idea of what can be accomplished by just a small band when they have mastered the horse. Communication and trade would have skyrocketed, and the 'invading' Europeans might have faced mighty empires instead of warring bands of nomads. Yes, a very good question.
Like fish hooks, knives, awls, spear points?
They did.
Look up old copper culture great lakes and you can see some of what they have dug up.
Problem is that copper is really too soft a metal to use everything for and the tin deposits were down in Florida so bronze was never discovered.