An explanation of low energy nuclear reactions (cold fusion)

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Mat

The Cold Fusion Ping List

http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/coldfusion/index?tab=articles

http://ecatnews.com/?p=1144

Not news at all. Still waiting to see all those working units that have been promised

Dear Mr Edison,

The supposed invention of a “light bulb” has been tried for nearly 50 years. It is obvious to all serious scientists that your fantasy of making such nonsense practical is absurd. You keep promising that if we just give you more time, you will soon have working lights for all. Even if this could possibly be achieved, how would you get electricity to all? No sir, we are convinced this “light bulb” talk of yours is impractical and outright poor science at best, and at worst an obvious scam.

Sincerely,

The spirit of future posters of FR

PS: I should have you know that your persistent ramblings are having a profoundly negative effect upon others as well, namely those inane lunatic Wright brothers who claim to be inventing a box that can fly in the air all by itself. Sir, for all that is sacred to science, stop at once before you do any more harm!

Having made a quick perusal of the list of references and found none that mention my name, I’ll postpone reading this until tomorrow...{:-)

If the theory can explain why it’s so hard to get a working unit, and the apparent bimodal distribution of performance (i.e. works well or not at all) it would help.

Excellent article, thanks. The development of a theoretical, testable framework to determine the operant variables in a LENR reproducibility environment is obviously crucial. Once this can be clearly established, all sorts of lab and commercial variations can take advantage of it, to see which ones are optimal for which conditions and uses.

The Cold Fusion cult males the Global Warming cult look honest.

And the proof of the concept was in the invention. Tesla had working lights based on AC as well as Edisons’s incandescent vacuum bulb. The point is that they succeeded AND showed their wares.

When all the LENR folks who keep promising working units ( and they have missed more than one dead line) then we will have wonderful discussions. Until then it is just so much ink on paper.

No kidding ....nothing like a lack of predictability to keep a theory from catching on

no! No, wayward one Solar Panels are the key. </sarcasm>

Here’s my theory.
On either side of a crack in the substrate material, you’ve got electrons moving at different speeds, creating a microscopically small differential capacitor. The vibrations push the differential charge “upward”, which is to say from the smallest separation of the crack to the largest. When the charge differential gets to a certain point, a spark is generated. This spark is what creates the Nuclear Active Environment. But it is not due to plasma physics, it is due to a force generated by a spark that goes across the anode & cathode of a capacitor. In the below Quantum Potential article, a propulsive force was found that matches these conditions (except that we’re seeing it on a microscopic level).

Asymmetric
Capacitor
Thruster
http://www.quantum-potential.com/ACT%20NASA.pdf
An earlier SBIR study commissioned by the Air Force reported a propulsive force caused by a spark between ACT electrodes [3]. The study [3] also focused on ACT thrust in high vacuum (10−5 to 10−7 Torr) and reports small (on the order of 10 nN) thrust in vacuum under pulsed DC voltage conditions. Furthermore, the study [3] reports observation of thrust when a piezoelectric dielectric material such as lead titanate or lead zirconate (high relative dielectric constants of k = 1750) was used between the ACT electrodes. The thrust was apparently produced by slow pulsing spark-‐initiated breakdown of the dielectric. The magnitude of the propulsive force increases with the intensity of sparking across the dielectric. The study [3] recommended further exploration of sparking across dielectrics as a source of propulsive forces in ACTs. Unfortunately, no such follow-‐up study was conducted.
I believe this Asymmetric Capacitor force has been previously described as the Poynting Vector. I think it is enhanced by the advent of a spark across the electrodes. But I might be mistaken.

http://jnaudin.free.fr/html/pft01.htm
During a charging process of a flat capacitor, the Poynting vector ( S=ExH ) comes from outside the capacitor towards the wire connections, parallel to the surface of the armatures inside the dielectric medium. There is an energy flow directly proportional to ExB. This energy is not provided by the wires but comes from the surrounding space around the capacitor. ( ref: "The Feynman Lectures on Physics : Electromagnetism vol2, Chap: 27-5, fig 27-3" by Addison-Wesley Publishing company. )

So, this Poynting Asymmetrical Capacitor Vector generates a unidirectional force. Any protons within its path would be propelled into a nearby Hydrogen atom which is trapped inside a Palladium matrix. This force is enough to overcome the Coulomb Barrier.

A couple of guesses:
There would have to be hundreds of thousands of these sparks every second, constantly spitting matter or protons or electrons in one direction similar to a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) particle accelerator, where only 1 in 100k particles actually collides with a nucleus of a hydrogen atom and fuses.
This force is proportional to the distance between electrodes, so the effect would happen closer to the small vertex of the crack rather than the large ends of the crack.
The transfer of energy of fused atoms is mostly heat because the
collision is unidirectional, and the gamma rays that are emitted only come out
in certain geometrical probabilities, and most of those probabilities are
directly in line with host atoms on the palladium (or nickel) matrix. I look
at it similar to a pellet gun hitting balloons -- most of the time the air
escapes the balloon in almost the same regions each time. These reactions only
occur one atom at a time, so the geometrically restricted release of gamma rays
is similarly restricted. The released energy is absorbed by the matrix one
atom-release at a time.

Jetovator

The electron shells are still around the nucleus, unless its ionized, right?

So how do you get 2 nuclei to fuse when those protective electron shells are still in the way??

That’s my problem with low-temp nuclear “fusion”.

Submitted to J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, June 2012

Edmund Storms is an editor of the J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, which is just a website for the cold fusion mutual admiration society. No doubt his paper will be accepted.

Not news at all. Still waiting to see all those working units that have been promised

The original con artists, Fleischmann and Pons, got financial backing from Toyota back in the 1990's. They still failed just like everybody else.

George Miley is another editor of the J. Condensed Matter Nuclear Science website. He was exposed for making an exaggerated claim here.

The electron shells are still around the nucleus, unless its ionized, right? So how do you get 2 nuclei to fuse when those protective electron shells are still in the way?? That’s my problem with low-temp nuclear “fusion”.

The problem is actually proton to proton repulsion and is known as the Coulomb barrier. Here's the cold fusion solution.

Ah yes the old Large (money) Acquisition Schemes (for) Expensive Research.....we used to laugh every time someone would throw money at our next crazy idea.

Maybe those electron shells are blown aside by the constant ionic wind created by the hundred thousand misses for every hit.